共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Mikael Sandberg 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2007,17(1):1-23
Fundamental correspondence and analogies between the evolution of technological and biological innovations call for an ‘innovation
Darwinian’, ‘universal Darwinian’ or ‘memetic’ approach to understanding technology innovation. Neo-institutional, in fact
pseudo-Lamarckian evolutionary economic theory, represented by North, Nelson and Winter, Freeman and others, is criticized.
Pseudo-Lamarckian (“by volition”) evolution is explained and analyzed on Darwinian grounds (as intentional and artificial
selection), as is Schumpeter’s definitions of creative and imitative innovation. Data from a web survey among Swedish public
and private organizations in 1999 are studied. Data show that Darwinian co-evolutionary interaction between producers and
users or clients provide essential conditions and stronger influence on creative IT innovations than both ‘Lamarckian’ strategies
and competition.
相似文献
Mikael SandbergEmail: |
2.
This paper investigates various possible meanings of ‘Social Market Economy’—60 years after its political initiation in Germany.
We focus on the variety of intellectual sources that influenced the formation and interpretation of the concept in Germany
during the first half of the last century. Our particular attention is on Müller-Armack’s definition of a rather dualistic
concept of ‘social’ versus ‘market economy’ and the subtle differences it has with an original (Freiburg School) view of ordo-liberalism
that lends itself more easily to a constitutional economics perspective.
相似文献
Michael Wohlgemuth (Corresponding author)Email: |
3.
A simple note on herd behaviour 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In his ‘Simple model of herd behaviour’, (Banerjee A (1992) A simple model of herd behaviour. Q J Econ CVII:797–817) shows
that—in a sequential game—if the first two players have chosen the same action, player 3 and all subsequent players will ignore
his/her own information and start a herd, an irreversible one. In this paper, we analyse the role played by the tie-breaking
assumptions in reaching the equilibrium. We show that: players’ strategies are parameter dependent—an incorrect herd may be
reversed; a correct herd is irreversible.
相似文献
Andrea MoroneEmail: |
4.
How useful is generalized Darwinism as a framework to study competition and industrial evolution? 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Guido Buenstorf 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2006,16(5):511-527
The role of Darwinist concepts in evolutionary economics has long been a contentious issue. The controversy has recently been rekindled by the proposal of a “Universal” or “generalized” Darwinism, which holds that the ontology of all evolutionary systems accords to the Darwinist scheme of variation, selection and inheritance. This paper focuses on the application of the generalized Darwinist framework to the analysis of markets and industries. It argues that selection and inheritance concepts narrowly construed after the biological example are of limited usefulness. As an alternative to the ‘top–down’ approach of Universal Darwinism, the development of ‘bottom–up’ theories is advocated.
相似文献
Guido BuenstorfEmail: |
5.
Paul Knepper 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2007,20(1):25-41
Karl R. Popper proposed that the method of explanation in economics, or situational logic, should become the general model
for analyses across the social sciences. This article makes good Popper's proposal by extending situational logic to a social
problem outside the traditional scope of economics: crime. Specifically, the discussion reviews models developed by economist
Gary S. Becker and criminologist Ronald V. Clarke. Becker's ‘economic approach’ to crime incorporates essential features of
situational logic. Clarke's ‘situational crime prevention’ offers an even better demonstration; it explicitly incorporates
the ideas of piecemeal social engineering and unintended social repercussions. Popper took situational logic from Menger and
the Austrians, making this emerging area of criminology an extension of Austrian economics.
相似文献
Paul KnepperEmail: |
6.
This study examines the impact of a stamp tax rate increase on market behavior, using data from two stock exchanges in China. We find that when the tax rate increases from 0.3 to 0.5% (which implies that the transaction cost increases by about 1/3) trading volume decreases by 1/3. This implies an elasticity of turnover with respect to a stamp tax of −50% and an elasticity of turnover with respect to transaction cost of −100%. The markets’ volatility significantly increases after the increase in the tax rate. Furthermore, the change in the volatility structure indicates that the markets become less efficient in the sense that shocks are less quickly assimilated in the markets.
相似文献
Badi H. Baltagi (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dong LiEmail: |
Qi LiEmail: |
7.
Jaivir Singh 《Constitutional Political Economy》2006,17(4):303-324
There has been a substantial erosion of the ‘right to property’ with respect to state takings in India, reflected in a progression of amendments to the Indian Constitution. Among other things, these amendments signify a violation of the doctrine of separation of powers. To study the implications of this on governance in relation to state takings, this paper juxtaposes a narration of events that describe the progressive erosion of the ‘right to property’ against a heuristic analytical structure that seeks to capture the costs of violating the doctrine of separation of powers. This analysis is then utilized to point to the social costs that characterize the state acquisitions (takings) regime in India.
相似文献
Jaivir SinghEmail: Phone: +91-11-26704763 |
8.
In a haystack-type representation of a heterogeneous population that is evolving according to a payoff structure of a prisoner’s
dilemma game, migration is modeled as a process of ‘swapping’ individuals between heterogeneous groups of constant size after
a random allocation fills the haystacks, but prior to mating. Migration is characterized by two parameters: an exogenous participation-in-migration
cost (of search, coordination, movement, and arrangement-making) which measures the migration effort, and an exogenous technology—of
coordinating and facilitating movement between populated haystacks and the colonization of currently unpopulated haystacks—which
measures the migration intensity. Starting from an initially heterogeneous population that consists of both cooperators and
defectors, a scenario is postulated under which ‘programmed’ migration can act as a mechanism that brings about a long-run
survival of cooperation.
相似文献
Yong WangEmail: |
9.
Routines, genes and program-based behavior 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jack J. Vromen 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2006,16(5):543-560
It is argued that the ‘routines as genes’ and the ‘routines as skills’ analogies are misleading in several respects. Neither genes, nor skills, nor routines program behavior, if this is taken to involve, first, that they do so in a way that excludes conscious, deliberate choice and, second, that they determine behavior. On a proper understanding of ‘gene’, ‘skill’ and ‘routine’, conscious, deliberate choice is not ruled out when genes, skills or routines are operating. Once we shift from analogy to ontology, genes and skills appear as basic constituents of routines. Routines cannot exist unless specific genes and skills are in place in the individuals involved in the operation of the routines. Both genes and skills can be said to act unconsciously as ‘If ..., then ...’ programs. Even complete knowledge of genes and skills of the individuals involved would fall far short of predicting individual and firm behavior, however. What would still be missing, it is argued, is knowledge about organization, the specific ways in which genes, skills and individuals are connected with one another, and knowledge of context-dependence, what environmental stimuli activate specific chains of genes, skills and individuals.
相似文献
Jack J. VromenEmail: |
10.
Hardy Hanappi 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2008,18(2):275-289
The goal of this paper is to highlight the importance of the concept of choice. To do so, a synopsis of the most important
contributions to this topic—featuring an eclectic set of scholars across disciplines—is provided. As central to the argument,
John von Neumann’s contributions, game theory and simulation techniques on von Neumann machines, are identified. Innovation
(economic and theoretic) as the driving force behind human evolution seems to head for a new scientific paradigm based on
von Neumann’s ideas.
相似文献
Hardy HanappiEmail: |
11.
Sjoerd Beugelsdijk 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2007,17(2):187-210
In this paper, we empirically study the relationship between entrepreneurial culture and economic growth. Based on a micro
based comparison of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, we develop a measure reflecting entrepreneurial attitude at the regional
level. We subsequently relate this newly developed variable, ‘entrepreneurial culture,’ to innovativeness and economic growth
in 54 European regions. Extensive robustness analysis suggests that differences in economic growth in Europe can be explained
by differences in entrepreneurial culture, albeit mostly in an indirect way.
相似文献
Sjoerd BeugelsdijkEmail: |
12.
Maria Rosa Borges 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(1):65-80
This paper analyzes the initial public offering (IPO) underpricing phenomenon in Portugal. We show that the ‘hot issue’ market
of 1987, coinciding with a speculative bubble in the stock market, is well explained by investor sentiment theories and that
the issuing firms seized a ‘window of opportunity’ provided by excessive demand to offer and list their shares. In IPOs prior
to the 1987 crash, underpricing is very high while there is a strong reversion to fundamentals in the long run. In the period
1988–2004, we find lower IPO underpricing and overall no evidence of long-run underperformance of IPO firms. Bookbuilding
IPOs are more underpriced than other price setting systems IPOs, and firms with seasoned public offerings show abnormal returns
in the long run.
相似文献
Maria Rosa BorgesEmail: |
13.
On the distribution of product price and quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alex Coad 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2009,19(4):589-604
We investigate the structure of demand by focusing on the distribution of prices within narrowly-defined classes of goods.
We observe considerable heterogeneity—products that are functionally similar but presumably of different ‘quality’ may sell
at very different prices. We analyze distribution of prices for bottles of wine, used cars, houses in London and week-long
holidays in Majorca, and observe in each case that the the resulting distribution is more skewed than the lognormal but less
skewed than a Pareto distribution. We then present a theoretical model whereby products can distinguish themselves along multiple
hedonic dimensions of ‘performance’, with these product attributes being random variables subject to multiplicative interactions.
Variations of this model can reproduce a lognormal price distribution and a Pareto distribution as lower and upper bound benchmarks
(respectively).
相似文献
Alex CoadEmail: |
14.
Karl-Ernst Schenk 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2006,16(3):231-253
This concept revolves around differences of embeddedness of organizations in the macro patterns of routines (economic policy regimes), which in turn may differentially provide them–and the system as a whole–with ‘procedural rationality’ in dealing with identified problems in their relevant complex environment. Regularities of interdependence are specified between different regime patterns and the variety of coordination routines between and inside micro organizations. Corresponding regularities are also observed for internal governance routines of organizations, which in turn determine the behavioral adaptation by self-organization that may be rationally in a local perspective, but–contingent on the organization’s embeddedness in the coordination structure–not necessarily so in a comprehensive one.
相似文献
Karl-Ernst SchenkEmail: |
15.
Patrick F. E. Beschorner 《Empirica》2008,35(3):233-240
Patent breadth and length have been discussed extensively in innovation literature. In this article, I analyze the optimal
degree of novelty of patent protection and its tradeoff with patent length. In the context of subsequent innovations each
innovation builds on the previous one. The degree of novelty necessary for a non-infringing patent is crucial for the firms’
incentive to innovate. One of the findings is that a monopolist’s optimal degree of novelty is lesser than would be socially
desirable. Furthermore, there exists a finite optimal patent length. Competitors introducing an improved technology cause
uncertainty which may be compensated by extending patent length.
相似文献
Patrick F. E. BeschornerEmail: |
16.
Robert D. Tollison 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2009,22(2):127-130
Besley’s treatment of principled agents is a major contribution to public choice and political economy. By focusing on politics
as an agency problem, he has shown the way to a new generation of research on the interface of politics and economics.
相似文献
Robert D. TollisonEmail: |
17.
Rojhat B. Avsar 《Forum for Social Economics》2008,37(2):125-134
The rhetoric of the Ownership Society defined by the Cato Institute has been integral to framing the motivation behind the
Social Security reform introduced by George W. Bush. This motivational frame involves a fierce advocacy of what we will call
‘neoliberal autonomy’ in a Hayekian and Friedmanite sense. For Hayek and Friedman, the social adequacy component of Social
Security is problematized in the name of self-reliance and individual choice, which rejects any authoritative standards as
morally indefensible. Nevertheless, the rhetoric of the Ownership Society, though it glorifies the neoliberal notion of autonomy,
does not explicitly question the moral basis of Social Security. Rather, by defining the terms of debate, it frames the meaning
of Social Security along neoliberal lines in an attempt to make a supposedly detached economic case for private retirement
accounts. In this ‘pro-privatization’ framework, the social adequacy component of the Social Security system fades away as
individual equity, or actuarial fairness, comes to the fore as the chief theme. We suggest a ‘pro-social’ rhetoric that recognizes
the pursuit of social standards as providing the element of autonomy.
Rojhat B. Avsar born in 1979, is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City and is currently focusing his research on political economy, macroeconomic policies and economic pedagogy. 相似文献
Rojhat B. AvsarEmail: |
Rojhat B. Avsar born in 1979, is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City and is currently focusing his research on political economy, macroeconomic policies and economic pedagogy. 相似文献
18.
The paper constructs an asymmetric information model to investigate the efficiency and equity cases for government mandated benefits. A mandate can improve workers’ insurance, and may also redistribute in favour of more ‘deserving’ workers. The risk is that it may also reduce output. The more diverse are free market contracts—separating the various worker types—the more likely it is that such output effects will on balance serve to reduce welfare. It is shown that adverse effects can be reduced by restricting mandates to larger firms. An alternative to a mandate is direct government provision. We demonstrate that direct government provision has the advantage over mandates of preserving separations.
相似文献
John T. AddisonEmail: Phone: +1-803-7774608Fax: +1-803-7776876 |
19.
Burczak reformulates socialism to escape Hayek’s strictures against central planning. While Hayek supports a social safety
net as well as other liberal reforms, Burczak points out that these reforms fall outside Hayek’s theoretical framework. We
explain that this is because Hayek narrowed the classical economists’ conception of sympathetic agency to imitation and rule
following. By contrast, liberal reform proposals follow from the theoretical framework of Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill.
For Smith and Mill, sympathy is a richer concept in which people change places imaginatively with others. Sympathetic agency
allows a wide range of other regarding actions and political reforms.
相似文献
David M. Levy (Corresponding author)Email: |
20.
Geoffrey Brennan 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2009,22(2):131-143
This paper is an assessment of Besley’s attempt to orchestrate a rapprochement between public choice theory and conventional
public economics—with its characteristic normative orientation towards public policy. In this paper, I first try to set the
Besley enterprise in the context of earlier work—focussing on my own work with Buchanan (The Power to Tax and The Reason of Rules). I then direct attention to three aspects of the Besley enterprise: whether selecting for competence depends on having solved the motivation problem (either by incentive or selection means), how selection mechanisms might be supported institutionally and the possibility
that selection processes might create incentives at the ‘dispositional’ level.
相似文献
Geoffrey BrennanEmail: |