数据挖掘及其在企业管理中的应用

企业在管理过程中产生了大量的数据,这些数据的背后隐藏着与企业密切相关的极其重要的知识。聚类、关联规则、序列模式、统计分析、特征规则等数据挖掘方法能从这些海量数据中发现有用的知识,使数据真正成为企业的财富,为企业的决策和发展服务。目前数据挖掘已被广泛应用于银行、电信等行业,用来对客户数据进行正确的分析,挖掘消费模式,预测客户未来的行为,针对客户的需求提供个性化的服务。     

基于关联规则挖掘电子商务网站数据采集

关联规则挖掘在Web站点中的应用目的是为了发现不同商品在交易过程中的潜在联系,这些规则反应了顾客购买行为习惯,可以用来指导商家科学地安排进贷、库存以及贷架设计等。在本文中以网上书店为例探讨如何规划网站功能,规划数据库,如何采集用户信息以及用户在访问站点时的浏览记录和消费记录。     

会计舞弊行为及对策探析

近年来,会计舞弊行为层出不穷,财务造假方法各不相同,严重干扰了社会经济的健康发展。从会计舞弊的分类及常见手法入手,对会计舞弊行为进行研究,提出了防范会计舞弊的对策。     

Global and Local Concentration Patterns in Banking: An Analysis of the EU,the US and Mexico

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, there has been a clear trend towards the consolidation of banking. The first part of this paper reviews and contrasts different theoretical approaches that aim to explain that phenomenon. In the second and third sections, we present an analysis of the consolidation of banking in Europe and the United States to illustrate the nature of the driving forces of such a process. The fourth section presents a detailed discussion of the Mexican banking industry consolidation experience and discusses preliminary data on the performance evolution of incumbent institutions in the new environment created by the 1995 financial crisis.

RESUMEN. A lo largo de las últimas décadas se ha observado una tendencia bien definida hacia la consolidación de la banca. La primera parte de este estudio revisa y traza un contraste entre los enfoques teóricos que pretenden explicar este fenómeno. En la segunda y tercera, presentamos un análisis de la consolidación de la banca en Europa y los Estados Unidos, para ilustrar la naturaleza de las fuerzas que impulsan dicho proceso. La cuarta sección presenta una discusión detallada sobre la experiencia de la banca mexicana en la consolidación del sector, y examinamos los datos preliminares sobre la evolución del desempeño de las instituciones existentes en el nuevo entorno creado por la crisis financiera de 1995.

RESUMO. Nas últimas décadas, observa-se uma clara tendência para a consolidação dos bancos. A primeira parte deste estudo revê e compara as diversas abordagens teóricas que tentam explicar este fenômeno. Na segunda e na terceira partes, apresentamos uma análise da consolidação dos bancos na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, para ilustrar a natureza das forças que impulsionam tal processo. A quarta parte mostra uma discussão detalhada sobre a experiência de consolidação da indústria bancária mexicana e discute os dados preliminares sobre a evolução do desempenho das instituições beneficiadas no novo cenário criado pela crise financeira de 1995.     

The cross-Atlantic tussle over financial data and privacy rights

Banking is an international business; both information and capital flow relatively unimpeded across international borders. Banking institutions’ information stores have increased dramatically with the spread of computers, and these institutions protect data inside their firewalls from outside eyes, and from disaster, through establishing multiple secure data repositories. However, access to banks’ databases is increasingly sought by governments and governance institutions, and restrictions are tightening on moving data across borders. Probably the most prominent example of both trends involves European Union–domiciled cross-border banking business. A key legal reason for resulting issues hinges on differing views of privacy rights: the European Union enshrines privacy as a human right, while the United States empowers rights of free speech over privacy. These differing approaches to privacy rights have caused a cross-Atlantic conflict for global banks. Caught between competing, conflicting regulations, banks’ capacity to move information and to comply with governments’ demands for it have become restricted. This restriction is happening as governments seek increased access to banks’ information for purposes of financial information statecraft—the notion that countries can influence other governments’ policies and actions through data.     

中国电力产业规制改革

30年来,中国电力产业规制改革已经取得了重要进展,但改革过程中也暴露出诸多新的矛盾和问题,主要表现在有效竞争尚未形成,监管体制没有理顺,价格形成机制不够合理,监管程序仍不规范。推进电力产业规制改革,国家应更大程度地发挥市场在资源配置中的基础作用,打破垄断、引入竞争,进一步深化价格形成机制改革;推进监管体制改革,促进合理监管程序的形成。同时,还应对电力企业采取合理的市场准入、质量标准等规制手段,推动电力产业更有效率、更加公平、更可持续发展。     

Improving candy industry competitiveness: Retailers’ perception regarding customer satisfaction

This study aims to classify service quality elements in candy industry in order to determine their instrumentality to customer satisfaction. To address this purpose, a Fuzzy Kano questionnaire was distributed to 512 major retailers of candy products of four predominant candy companies in Iran. Subsequently, we calculated satisfaction increment index (SII) and dissatisfaction decrement index (DDI) for each of the quality elements. Brand name and quality are considered as must-be elements, while availability of credit purchases is considered as indifferent element by the majority of retailers. Eight out of 24 studied elements are found to be considered as attractive elements by majority of customers. Regular visits element ranks first in terms of satisfaction increment index (SII). This paper provides helpful insight for marketers to prioritize improvement of different quality elements. Therefore, this paper helps organizations to perceive their customers needs more thoroughly and improve their customer satisfaction policy.     

International Market Segmentation and Cross-Export Strategies Development Case Study: Iranian Furniture Industry

ABSTRACT

By developing an international market and significant differences between countries in this regard, segmentation becomes an increasingly important concept in marketing. In this article, the international market of Iranian furniture industry is segmented and cross-exporting strategies are developed to increase the market share of Iranian furniture in each segment. To achieve this, two distance functions are introduced based on correlation between export groups to cluster countries with k-means algorithm. After market segmentation for increasing sales in each segment, cross-exporting strategies are predicted by extracting association rules in each segment based on Apriori algorithm to set export baskets.     

What's in a relationship? The case of commercial lending

This article presents a survey and an analysis of the academic literature on relationship lending to small and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is noted herein that relationship lending depends on soft (non-quantifiable) information, while other “lending technologies” depend on hard (quantifiable) information. Based on relative benefits and costs, relationship lending may be best suited for some types of SMEs, with alternate lending technologies better matched to others. Also discussed in this article are some interesting managerial and public policy issues. On the bank management dimension, relationship lending may create a special challenge for risk managers. On the public policy dimension, evidence suggests that relationship lending may be better delivered by smaller community banks; banking industry consolidation could, however, threaten the presence of such providers. Counter-intuitively, it is possible that banking industry competition may not be the best environment for relationship lending. Finally, this article highlights potentially interesting differences in the relative importance of relationship lending and the other lending technologies across countries with different financial architectures, and examines a potentially powerful link between relationship lending and monetary policy and other monetary shocks.     

我国银行业“营改增”税制改革思考

由于税负和各种因素的制约,银行业的发展也遇到了瓶颈。为提升第三产业的发展,国家实施了大规模的结构性减税政策,《营业税改征增值税试点方案》明确将金融服务业纳入增值税的扩围改革范围之内。但金融业具体的改革还未纳入到试点城市,本文就金融业"营改增"的背景、意义、税率设计以及国际经验借鉴进行探讨,以期对金融业的发展起到一定的推动作用。     

基于数据挖掘技术的企业客户关系管理(CRM)

由于竞争的全球化、需求的拉动和管理理念的更新,使客户关系管理(CRM)得到产生和发展。面对企业海量的数据,如何从其中发现有价值的知识和规律是企业急需解决的难题。数据挖掘技术为此提供了工具和途径。在了解CRM的概念和框架、数据挖掘的各种技术后,还必须了解数据挖掘在CRM中的应用流程和应用的业务领域。     

Where Did They Go Wrong? An Analysis of the Failure of Knowledgeable Internet Consumers to Detect Deception Over the Internet

This paper uses an information-processing model of deception detection to understand the reasons underlying Internet consumers' success and failure at detecting forms of intentional deception that occur on the Internet. Eighty MBA students visited either a real commercial site or a deceptive copycat (page-jacking) site. The deceptive site was identical to the clean site except that it contained six deceptive manipulations (e.g., forged favorable quotes from authoritative sources). This study compares the information processing behavior of four groups of subjects: those who detected the deception, those who missed it, those who correctly identified the real site as non-deceptive, and those who incorrectly believed that the real site was deceptive. It was found that (1) priming subjects to generate the hypothesis of deception weakly facilitates detection success, (2) competence at evaluating the hypothesis of deception is a strong differentiator between successful and unsuccessful detectors, and (3) successful detectors rely on assurance cues and heavily discount trust cues. Unsuccessful detectors do the opposite.     

Data mining in road crash analysis: the context of developing countries

The recent advancements in the field of data mining have made vast progress in extracting new information and hidden patterns from large datasets which are often overlooked by the traditional statistical approaches. These methods focus on searching for new and interesting hypothesis which were previously unobserved. Road safety researchers working with the crash data from developed world have seen encouraging success in obtaining new insight into crash mechanism through data mining. An attempt was made in this study to apply these advance methods and evaluate their performance in manifesting crash causes for Bangladesh. The study applies hierarchical clustering to identify hazardous clusters, random forest to find important variables explaining each of these clusters, and classification and regression trees to unveil their respective crash mechanisms for the road crash data of Bangladesh. The results identified several new interesting relationships and acknowledged issues related to quality of data.     

中国银行业对外投资动因的实证研究

国外对银行业对外直接投资的动因研究文献已非常丰富,但是国内外还没有对中国银行业对外投资动因的实证研究。本文运用回归分析方法对中国银行业的对外投资动因进行了分析,发现东道国人均GDP、中国对东道国直接投资等因素对中国银行业的对外投资有不同程度的影响。结果表明传统的“跟随客户”理论不能很好地解释中国银行业对外投资的原因。     

哈尔滨市绿色食品产业集群发展模式研究

近年来,哈尔滨市绿色食品产业显然出现了快速发展的良好局面,但仍存在着市场集中度低、产加销发展不协调、相关及支持性产业发展滞后等问题。应从产业集群的角度研究绿色食品产业的发展,使哈市绿色食品产业集群由“自下而上”形成转向“上下结合”共同发展,以“核心式”龙头企业带动全行业的发展,逐步形成大流通、高级智力支持和相关支持性产业辅助的网络式发展模式。     

Criminal Identity Deception and Deception Detection in Law Enforcement

Criminals often falsify their identities intentionally in order to deter police investigations. In this paper we focus on uncovering patterns of criminal identity deception observed through a case study performed at a local law enforcement agency. We define criminal identity deception based on an understanding of the various theories of deception. We interview a police detective expert and discuss the characteristics of criminal identity deception. A taxonomy for criminal identity deception was built to represent the different patterns that were identified in the case study. We also discuss methods currently employed by law enforcement agencies to detect deception. Police database systems contain little information that can help reveal deceptive identities. Thus, in order to identify deception, police officers rely mainly on investigation. Current methods for detecting deceptive criminal identities are neither effective nor efficient. Therefore we propose an automated solution to help solve this problem.