中小企业国际化过程中的人力资源问题研究

中小企业已经成为我国国民经济发展中一股不可小觑的力量。文章分析了中小企业经营的现状、特点,针对中小企业人力资源管理中的问题,尤其是国际化过程中的问题展开了讨论,在提升中小企业人力资源管理方面提出了相应对策。     

探索当前企业国际化进程中人力资源管理的问题和对策

经济全球化的发展要求我国企业提高国际竞争力,中小企业在我国经济发展中起着重要作用。在国际化发展局势下,中小型企业在人力资源管理方面出现了一系列问题。本文探讨了中国企业国际化进程中企业人力资源管理的影响因素,分析了国际化进程中我国人力资源管理遇到的各种挑战,在提出人力资源管理问题的同时,列出了一些企业如何进行人力资源优化的建议。     

中小企业国际化过程中的人力资源问题研究

中小企业已经成为我国国民经济发展中一股不可小觑的力量.文章分析了中小企业经营的现状、特点,针对中小企业人力资源管理中的问题,尤其是国际化过程中的问题展开了讨论,在提升中小企业人力资源管理方面提出了相应对策.     

中小企业国际化过程中的人力资源问题研究

中小企业已经成为我国国民经济发展中一股不可小觑的力量。文章分析了中小企业经营的现状、特点，针对中小企业人力资源管理中的问题，尤其是国际化过程中的问题展开了讨论，在提升中小企业人力资源管理方面提出了相应对策。     

我国中小企业国际化问题研究

进入新世纪以来,我国中小企业在国际化经营过程中取得了一定的成就。但是,中小企业国际化经营在产品科技含量、国际信息渠道、融资,以及人员素质等方面都存在着不少问题。文章在分析上述问题的基础上,提出了我国中小企业应建立完善的人才激励机制、提高产品国际竞争力、政府应加大对中小企业的资金扶持力度和完善中小企业社会服务体系等国际化经营的对策。     

我国中小企业国际化经营中存在问题及对策分析

改革开放以来,我国中小企业在长期的国际化经营过程中取得了一定的成就。但是,中小企业国际化经营在企业自身、一系列的政策体制、融资,以及人才引进方面都存在着不少问题。如何选择中小企业国际化经营的对策,是我国中小企业能在国际市场上站稳脚跟的关键所在,也是眼下中小企业发展和壮大的必由之路。     

浅析中小民营企业人力资源管理

本文论述了人力资源管理在现代中小企业管理中的重要地位,分析了我国中小企业人力资源管理的现状,指出了其中存在的问题,并探讨了在新经济下顺应国际大趋势,积极推进我国中小企业人力资源管理工作的对策。     

提高物流效率为中小企业赢得更多的国际市场机会

我国中小企业进入国际市场经营的步伐正在逐渐加快，而且已经成为我国对外出口的重要力量。但我国中小企业毕竟规模小，在资金，技术，信息，人力，分销渠道等各方面较之我国大企业困难更多，与国外发达国家中小企业的国际化进程相比还有很大差距。虽然我国中小企业在国际市场经营存在诸多不足，但它们在产品价格上和对市场需求的反应方面具有一定的优势，通过提高物流管理效率等多方努力，可以进一步发挥我国中小企业的优势，赢得更多的国际市场机会。     

我国中小企业在国际化经营中存在的问题与对策

一、我国中小企业国际化经营现状及特点（一）我国中小企业国际化经营现状随着经济全球化趋势的加强．我国越来越多的中小企业走上跨国经营的发展轨道．活跃在国际市场上．通过在国外投资积极开拓海外市场,冲出国门,走向世界。我国中小企业跨国经营已成为我闲主动融入经济全球化的重要方面。     

基于资源基础论的我国中小企业国际化战略研究

资源基础论已经较多地运用于战略管理领域,而在国际商务领域的扩散相对比较缓慢。本文在简要回顾资源基础论的形成与发展的基础土,探讨资源基础论与企业国际化的关系,提出在资源基础论视角下我国中小企业开展国际化的发展路径。     

New product development in foreign customer relationships: a study of international SMEs

Abstract

This study identifies a gap in research concerning how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can benefit from pursuing locally (rather than globally) oriented internationalization strategies. Becoming overly dependent on one single foreign market could potentially reduce the inflow and diversity of new knowledge that can serve as input for new product development. This study discusses how this risk can be minimized. In this endeavour we create a theoretical model that investigates how the local sales concentration and relationship-specific commitment of SMEs relates to new product development. To do this we draw on the behavioural internationalization process framework. The theoretical model is tested on an effective sample of 188 Swedish SMEs. The results show that relationship-specific commitment mediates the effect of local sales concentration on new product development. The implication is that investments which enable collaboration in important business relationships are crucial requisites for keeping firms innovative and in pace with market fluctuations. The findings thus contribute to international business literature by showing that a local market scope of operations combined with a relationship orientation are beneficial for new product development in international SMEs.     

In search of the changing role of the corporate human resource function in the international firm

There has been considerable research on the issues of board-level representation by personnel/HR directors and senior HR managers' involvement in strategic decision making. Since the early 1990s there has been a growing interest in international HRM, reflecting the growing recognition that the effective management of human resources internationally is a major determinant of success or failure in international business. There is also evidence that HR constraints often limit the effective implementation of international business strategies. More recently, it has been argued that the more rapid pace of internationalization and globalization leads to a more strategic role for HRM as well as changes in the content of HRM. Yet, while there have been some attempts to integrate international corporate strategy and human resource strategy, surprisingly, the role of the corporate human resources function has been neglected, particularly in the context of the international firm. This article seeks to redress the balance. The question addressed is: what is the role of the corporate HR function in the international firm? To answer these questions empirical research was conducted in thirty UK international firms. We found an emerging agenda for corporate HR in international firms which focuses on senior management development, succession planning and developing a cadre of international managers. We conceptualize this as a strategic concern with developing the core management competences of the organization, and argue that it can be usefully analysed from the perspective of the learning organization.     

Localized capabilities and the internationalization of manufacturing activities by SMEs

In this paper it is argued that the internationalization of production through foreign direct investment (FDI) by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is influenced by local level idiosyncracies. Although SMEs suffer from inherent constraints to international growth (due to the scarce availability of financial and managerial resources), the presence of qualified localized capabilities strengthen and complement their competitive/ownership advantages, thus favouring their internationalization. These capabilities are related to the advanced specialized services available to the firms, the existence of a ‘marshallian atmosphere’, and an environment conducive to innovation and learning. However, it is argued that negative externalities stemming from protectionism-oriented public intervention discourage the international growth of firms and negatively influence the propensity of SMEs to internationalize. Empirical support for these premises is provided by this study of the Italian case over the decade 1986–1995.     

CONTINUITIES IN HUMAN RESOURCE PROCESSES IN INTERNATIONALIZATION AND DOMESTIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Internationalization is often seen as posing distinctive human resource problems that are difficult to overcome. This paper takes an alternative approach by considering the processes by which firms, large and small, internationalize and the way they sustain overseas activity at different stages of their internationalization. It does so by reference to six challenges faced by firms in the course of internationalization. the result is to highlight continuities and regularities between international human resource management and the creation of an effective domestic organization, along with common underlying processes and skills centred on networking, teams and organizational learning.
It is argued that this shifts attention from the specific tasks of the human resources function to more broadly defined human resource activities and processes which affect the growth of firms internationally. Secondly, it helps firms to think more positively about becoming international and to address relevant skills. Thirdly, it identifies appropriate activities, tasks and situations that business schools need to provide as part of an international management education.
However, the paper also recognizes that internationalization involves specific differences between domestic and international business management. A number of these are rooted in country-specific institutional factors which human resource management, the function, has to address. While processes may be common, knowledge is context-bound.     

The impact of opportunity connectedness on innovation in SMEs’ foreign-market relationships

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use of business networks has grown significantly during the last decades, partly due to increasingly complex innovation processes. This article investigates how different kinds of networks, depending on location, contextualize innovation in specific foreign market business relationships. Building on internationalization, network, and innovation research we develop a model that views opportunity connectedness in specific host-markets, home-markets, and other international markets as prerequisites to innovative collaboration and innovation outcomes in foreign business relationships. The results of our linear structural relations (LISREL) analysis of Swedish SMEs provide empirical evidence that the effect of opportunity connectedness on innovation outcomes in foreign business relationships is mediated by the level of innovative collaboration. These results indicate that SMEs need a relatively higher level of innovative collaboration in their partnerships with foreign market customers to convert opportunities conceived in home- and international- market networks into innovative outcomes in comparison to opportunities conceived in host-market networks. This finding implies that as opportunities become increasingly contextually remote, the importance of collaborative business relationships increases. By showing these results, the study contributes to research in the international small-business domain that seeks to identify important prerequisites of SME innovation.     

论企业管理在中小企业发展中的作用

文章通过分述企业管理的计划管理、生产管理、物资管理、质量管理、成本管理、财务管理、人力资源管理在中小企业发展中所起的重要作用，来阐明7个要素在中小企业发展中不可或缺的地位，从而为中小企业更好、更快地发展提供思路。     

Dimensional effects of Korean SME’s entrepreneurial orientation on internationalization and performance: the mediating role of marketing capability

This study examines how three different dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (proactiveness, innovativeness, and risk-taking) each determine internationalization strategies and enhance international performance among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through the mediating role of marketing capabilities. An integrative theoretical framework built on international entrepreneurship and a resource-based approach was tested in the context of Korean SMEs. Analyses of 401 survey data collected from Korean exporting SMEs revealed the differential effects of each entrepreneurial orientation and the mediating effect of marketing capability on internationalization strategies and performance. Proactiveness and risk taking appeared to function as significant antecedents of marketing capability. Marketing capability, in turn, significantly decreased internationalization scope and increased the financial performance of Korean SMEs, though it did not influence internationalization scale. This study further confirms that the mediating role of marketing capability in entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationships vary by entrepreneurial orientation dimensions. Taking the direct and indirect roles of the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions together, this study recommends the critical prioritization of risk-taking over proactiveness. It extends previous approaches to the triad of resource–capability–performance. Theoretical contributions and insightful managerial implications are also provided.     

Influence of the capacities of top management on the internationalization of SMEs

International diversification strategies require managerial skills capable of positioning businesses efficiently within a complex international environment. Based on resources and capabilities theory, this study examines the relationship between top management characteristics (age, education, professional experience, and language knowledge) and the international diversification of a given business. It also follows on from Herrmann and Datta's work (2005) by analysing the relationship between these managerial characteristics and SME performance. The analysis is based on a sample of 219 SMEs with international diversification strategies from the La Rioja (northern Spanish region). Regression techniques were used and the results confirmed the existence of a material relationship between a number of managerial characteristics and geographical diversification strategies for SMEs. Empirical evidence was also obtained of the relationship between Spanish SME profitability and certain managerial attributes according to their level of international diversification. Finally, the potential implications of the results of this study for both researchers and real businesses are also discussed. Policy-makers and public agencies can benefit from these results: the development of certain attributes in TMTs strengthens the development of international diversification policies, thus allowing SMEs to improve risk diversification and protection against exchange rate fluctuations.     

Growth dynamics of dedicated biotechnology firms in transition economies. Evidence from the Baltic countries and Poland

Countries undergoing the difficult transition from state ownership to market economies have characteristics which are often portrayed by scholars as adverse to the development of SMEs. Others nonetheless suggest that the performance of such firms can be positively influenced by business strategies. To develop a better understanding of the relation between these two seemingly different standpoints, this paper investigates the effects of (1) human capital; (2) administration system for start-ups; (3) financial capital; and (4) intellectual property rights on the emerging biotechnology industry in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland and considers the strategic response of two highly successful dedicated biotechnology firms (DBFs): Bioton in Poland and Fermentas in Lithuania. The results suggest that the decision to implement an internationalization strategy (and alliances with foreign partners) in association with the production of low cost, high quality products can drive the growth dynamics of SMEs.     

西部地区中小企业人力资源管理存在的问题及对策

加强西部地区中小企业人力资源管理对增强西部地区中小企业的内在驱动力,加快自身发展具有重要意义。文章分析了西部地区中小企业人力资源管理存在的主要问题。并提出建立科学的人力资源管理体系、提高管理绩效及促进西部地区中小企业发展的对策建议。