Determinants of Entry in an Emerging Economy: A Multilevel Approach

The dynamics of the world economy and global competition patterns are encouraging multinational enterprises (MNEs) to expand into emerging economies. This study validates the proposition that entry mode selection in an emerging economy is influenced by situational contingencies at four levels: nation, industry, firm, and project. Analysis of data collected from China suggests that the joint venture is preferred when perceived governmental intervention or environmental uncertainty is high or host country experience is low. The wholly-owned entry mode is preferred when intellectual property rights are not well protected, the number of firms in the industry is growing fast, the need for global integration is high, or the project is located in an open economic region. The importance of these multilevel determinants requires simultaneous and inseparable considerations of the risk, return, control, and resource effects of the entry mode decision. This necessitates a theoretical integration of multiple perspectives such as transaction cost, the eclectic paradigm, bargaining power, and organizational capability.     

Ownership Types and Strategic Groups in an Emerging Economy*

ABSTRACT Existing strategic group studies have rarely examined ownership type as a variable to classify firms in an industry. Using Chinese firms of different ownership types, we suggest that ownership type can be a parsimonious and important variable that managers use to cognitively classify firms into different strategic groups. While ownership itself is an objective variable, we contend that different ownership types lead to different managerial outlook and mentality due to a number of macro and micro foundations giving rise to various managerial cognitions. Employing the Miles and Snow typology, we find that state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and privately‐owned enterprises (POEs) tend to adopt defender and prospector strategies, respectively, while collectively‐owned enterprises (COEs) and foreign‐invested enterprises (FIEs) exhibit an analyser orientation that falls between defenders and prospectors on the strategy continuum. Three statistical tests suggest that ownership types can be used to successfully predict strategic group memberships in China's emerging economy.     

Career Exploration and Perceived Employability within an Emerging Economy Context

Following four decades of unprecedented economic, social, and cultural change, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) labor market is highly segmented: The native population is almost exclusively employed in the government sector, while the private sector is effectively outsourced to foreigners. This has created an unsustainable situation with growing numbers of young citizens reaching working age and with a public sector that has reached the saturation point. Policymakers repeatedly try to legislate to encourage private‐sector employers to hire citizens. These policies have had limited success. We explored the career attitudes of 2,267 United Arab Emirates citizens prior to their entry into the labor market. Using structural equation modeling, we found that the social contract and resulting expectations toward state employment have strong implications for willingness to work in the private sector. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Regional Wage Gaps,Education and Informality in an Emerging Country: The Case of Colombia

This paper uses Colombian micro-data to analyze the role of education and informality in regional wage differentials. The hypothesis is that apart from differences in the endowment of human capital, regional heterogeneity in the incidence of informality is another important source of regional wage inequality in emerging countries. This is confirmed by the evidence from Colombia, which also reveals remarkable spatial heterogeneity in the wage return to individuals’ characteristics. Regional heterogeneity in returns to education is especially intense in the upper part of the wage distribution. In turn, heterogeneity in the informal pay penalty is more relevant at the bottom.     

Green Product Development and Product Portfolio Management: Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy

Few studies have explored the relationship between green products development (GPD) and product portfolio management (PPM). When considering evidence from emerging economies, the knowledge gap is even deeper. Consequently, the objective of this work is to analyze how green and traditional practices of new product development (NPD) influence product portfolio and NPD performance. In addition, we explore how GPD opens new markets and technology opportunities. The empirical evidence is based on a sample of firms that are developing products and belong to innovative industrial sectors in Brazil. In general, the framework developed and tested in this research indicates the following: (i) the adoption of GPD practices significantly influences product portfolio performance; (ii) the adoption of GPD practices tends to generate positive results with regard to obtaining technological and market opportunities; (iii) the adoption of traditional PPM practices influences the dependent factors. Unexpectedly, correlations between a firm's size or age and its performance were not confirmed. This is the first empirical evidence relating GPD, PPM, and market and technology opportunities in Brazil. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Institutional Reforms and Investor Reactions to CSR Announcements: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

This study contributes to the limited established empirical research on the impact and relevance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the capital markets of emerging economies. We conducted an event study to demonstrate how the timing of CSR announcements by firms that have aligned their strategies to newly instituted social regulations in South Africa influenced stock prices. Using a unique dataset of publicly listed South African enterprises that undertook CSR initiatives during the ten year period from 1996 to 2005, we found that investor reactions to CSR announcements concluded during the late phase of institutional reforms are viewed positively by investors. Furthermore, CSR announcements of substantive monetary value result in significantly higher shareholder returns.     

数字经济背景下税收征管体系的国际经验与政策建议

数字经济不断发展背景下,中国的税收征管制度亟需改革,而其他国家在数字化税收征管制度改革中已取得一些经验,可为中国的改革提供重要参考。本文就数字经济对全球税收征管体系的影响进行利弊分析,并结合当前国际税收征管体系中间接税和直接税层面存在的税收征管制度漏洞而导致的税收流失问题,总结其他国家的税收征管制度改革经验,分析我国在数字交易税收三要素确定、税收归属权划分及传统代扣代缴制度等方面存在的问题,并提出我国税收征管制度改革与完善的对策建议:完善相关税收制度,进一步深化数字经济时代税制改革的研究,正确评估税收征管新技术的可行性,进一步加强国际交流与合作以提升我国的话语权。     

扩张的欧盟及其会计战略的走向

欧盟扩张不仅对世界经济的发展产生了重大影响，而且对国际会计的战略布局形成了新的冲击。庞大的欧盟经济实体，将使全球会计统一化的趋势得到迅速推进。欧盟扩张及全面适用国际财务报告准则(IFRS)面临许多新的问题，它关系到欧盟的会计战略以及对欧盟各国的会计整合。     

Timeliness of Annual Report Releases and Market Reaction to Earnings Announcements in an Emerging Capital Market: The Case of China

This paper examines the relation between firm performance and the timing of annual report releases in an emerging capital market. Based on the population of listed Chinese firms with A-shares for 1994-1997, we find that good news firms release their annual reports earlier than bad news firms, and loss firms release their annual reports the latest. Moreover, consistent with Chambers and Penman (1984) and Begley and Fischer (1998), these firms unexpectedly accelerate the release of good news and delay the disclosure of bad news relative to their previous reporting pattern. We also observe a significant price reaction to the annual earnings announcements for both early (good news) and late (bad news) reporting firms. Similar results are found for those A-share firms which have also issued B- or H-shares to foreign investors. Our study documents a systematic timing pattern of annual report disclosures, which is useful for investors to predict future earnings, especially in anticipating bad news in China's emerging market where information about future earnings is very limited.     

The Design of Stable International Environmental Agreements: Economic Theory and Political Economy

International environmental agreements typically strive for the solution of a common property resource dilemma. Since the sovereignty of states precludes external enforcement, international environmental agreements must be self‐enforcing. Game theoretical models explain why rewards and punishments imposed through the environmental externality generally fail to enforce full cooperation. Therefore, environmental treaties incorporate provisions that enhance the incentives for participation such as transfers, sanctions and linkage to other negotiation topics in international politics. Moreover, interaction with markets and governments as well as the rules and procedures adopted in the negotiation process influence the design and the effectiveness of an international environmental agreement.     

新兴产业的投资扩张、产品补贴与资源错配

研究目标：分析新兴产业资源错配程度以及投资扩张、产品补贴对资源错配的影响。研究方法：在H&K模型基础上,通过推导静态一般均衡求解模型测算2009～2014年中国光电产业的资源配置效率。研究发现：中国光电产业存在较为严重的资源配置扭曲,导致光电企业全要素生产率过低;“双反”加速了光电企业的优胜劣汰,在一定程度上提升了资源配置效率;政府扶持与地区间竞争所引致的投资扩张是引发光电产业资源配置效率低下的主要原因。研究创新：构建单一产业下基于一般均衡求解的资源错配模型,并从资源错配视角衡量产业政策效应。研究价值：有利于短期扶持性政策更好地发挥生产率增长效应。     

Sources of Sectoral Growth in an Economy Wide Context: The Case of U.S. Agriculture

Growth in U.S. agriculture is linked to the non-farm economy through domestic terms of trade and factor market adjustments. With almost stable input growth, the relatively large contributions from growth in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) are passed on to intermediate and final consumers in the form of declining real prices for primary farm products. The resulting net growth in the real value of farm output (GDP) is relatively low (0.25% per annum). The decomposition of TFP suggests that public agricultural stock of knowledge and infrastructure are robustly associated with TFP growth, while spill-overs from private agricultural and economy wide research and development (R and D) are positive but, relatively small.     

The Economic Impact of International Migration within The UK Economy

There is a vociferous debate regarding the extent, impact and future policy direction of international migration. This has intensified following the expansion of the European Union and the accession of the eight Central and Eastern European countries. This article explores the recent trends in net migration, looking particularly at the impact at the sectoral and regional level. It finds that foreign workers appear to have had a significant economic impact in filling skills gaps and in helping to arrest population decline in those regions where previously this had been a fact of economic life.     

低碳经济：国际发展动向与中国的行动

进入21世纪后,低碳经济作为一种以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的新经济模式日益受到世界各国的青睐。英国成为全球低碳经济的积极倡导者和先行者,低碳经济或为欧盟的就业出路,美国拟通过立法巨资投入低碳经济,日本强化低碳经济旨在实现低碳社会;作为世界上最大的发展中国家,中国也已成为发展低碳经济的主要践行者。     

房地产税收制度的国际经验及启示

征收房地产税收的目的就是遏制房价的上涨以及增加财政收入.然而,由于当前我国房地产征税效率低,对房价上涨没起到抑制作用.通过对新加坡,韩国和中国香港房地产税收状况的分析,借鉴他们有效征税和成功遏制较高的房价措施,并结合我国房地产税收实际状况,提出来一系列房地产税征收政策及改进措施来不断完善我国房地产税制.希望这些措施 能...