MP3技术与美国音乐产业演化

近年来，MP3技术以及互联网技术的普及兴盛对传统音乐产业带来了前所未有的冲击。本文以美国音乐产业为研究对象，运用历史研究与多个案研究等方法，从产业与企业两个层面对信息技术冲击下的音乐产业变革过程做了较为深入地分析，并给出了相应的建议。     

Pharmaceutical marketing through the customer portfolio: Institutional influence and adaptation

This paper discusses the dilemma of managing marketing in institutionalized business contexts. On the basis of a study of pharmaceutical marketing practices it is argued that business aspirations are dependent on understanding institutional influence and adaptation mechanisms on the customer-portfolio level. As relationships are perceived as such mechanisms, understanding network dynamics, institutional co-evolution and actor cognitions are key managerial issues. Furthermore, it is suggested that institutional discontinuities leverage institutional entrepreneurship to a critical extent.     

Rediscovering strategic content in ‘strong process’ research on business network innovation

A strong process view on business networks takes ‘becoming’ as a starting point for understanding business networks and innovation. This view tends to leave the role of strategic content implicit and underdeveloped. Yet, embracing content from a process angle is important to obtain insight in the role of strategic intent and value transformation. A philosophical architecture for addressing this gap is currently lacking. In the context of business network innovation, this paper seeks to explore how content can remain theoretically relevant and how it can be inserted in a strong process view underpinning industrial marketing research.This conceptual paper makes a distinction between content-centric, process-content co-evolution, and process-centric philosophies. These are mutually exclusive and fail to cater to the gap introduced. A fourth strategy is introduced that adopts the process-centric view as a foundation but uses pragmatism and encapsulation to reach out to content research. The paper offers methodological considerations for empirical research and applies the resulting approach to industrial marketing. It concludes with implications for research in industrial marketing.     

工业产业集群品牌生态系统协同机理及运行机制研究

工业产业集群品牌生态系统由工业产业集群品牌集群及其所处的环境组成,而组成该生态系统根本目的是协同进化。本文首先对工业企业集群品牌生态系统内涵和特征进行分析,然后阐述了工业产业集群品牌生态系统协同进化的动因,动因主要有环境选择的压力、市场效应的拉力和自身发展的动力3个方面。基于此,文章构建了集群企业生态位宽度模型和工业产业集群品牌与外部环境协同演化模型,对工业产业集群品牌生态系统的企业间和企业与环境的协同演化机理进行了研究,最后提出包括管理机制、创新机制、整合机制和保障机制在内的4个运行机制,促进工业产业集群品牌生态系统良好运行。     

ICT Co-evolution and Korean ICT strategy—An analysis based on patent data

This paper investigates the interactive nature of relationships between Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) in terms of their technological innovations and diffusion. For the purpose, the United States Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO) database was used and Lotka-Volterra equations were applied to the patent data, resulting in a Patent Interaction Network (PIN). This matrix was employed to investigate the interaction patterns among ICT-related industries, allowing co-evolution process across ICTs to be analyzed. This paper also examined patenting activities in the Korean ICT sector, which has announced the IT839 strategy to address ICT-related services, infrastructures and growth drivers. It is judged that the evolving pattern of Koran ICT has been compatible with the PIN, facilitating the development of each other. It is also expected that promoting broadband and home-network technologies, together with technologies on digital contents and software solutions, can lead to the growth of the whole ICT industry. Such research findings will provide numerous implications for policy-making and strategic planning for ICT development.     

Transitioning and co-evolving to upgrade value offerings: A competence-based marketing view

This article shows how subcontractors in the steel and metalworking industry can effectively upgrade their customer value offerings. The study intends to identify internal and external drivers for successful transitions. It builds on the IMP's (Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group) research tradition by looking into value creation and competence-based marketing within business networks. Using qualitative methods, the research identifies ‘ideal’ value-added market positions and relates these to specific competence configurations. It also reveals the need to manage co-evolution with other network partners in order to make a successful transition from basic to value-added offerings. The paper contributes to business marketing science by looking explicitly into the mechanisms of internal alignment when upgrading value offerings (a pre-condition often overlooked in extant literature) and by extending the concept of co-evolution.     

Developing and leveraging platforms in a traditional industry: An orchestration and co-creation perspective

In the current fast-changing and digitalizing world, ever more firms active in traditional industries are transforming themselves into ‘Smart Factories’. Within their value chains, manufacturers are shifting from working at arm's length with other firms, to creating integrated platforms. These are composed of co-creating and collaborating actors. Even though the opportunities and competitive advantages of platforms for industrial applications have been proven, insights in the lead actors' efforts to ensure co-evolution of the platform and the platform actors' contributions to value co-creation are scarce. That way, the full potential of collaborative firm settings might not be realized. Addressing this gap, we explore through a multiple case study how manufacturers in the traditional Chinese textile industry gradually adopt a platform-based logic. This results in an integrative framework unfolding the lead actor's orchestration capabilities to ensure co-evolution, and the prerequisites for value co-creation in a platform. As such, we adapt and extend the co-evolution concept mostly examined in a dyadic setting to a multiple actors' logic and answer calls for additional research on the micro-foundations of value co-creation in platforms.     

Concerning trust and information

Communication and the associated information exchanges are key drivers of the development of relationships and of the trust embedded within them. This paper considers the development of business relationships in terms of the continuing co-evolution of trust and information exchange and the issues associated with researching these processes. The interconnections of trust and information exchange are examined in a survey of business relationships involving information exchange (n = 355). Analysis of variance shows few, if any, of the aspects of the standard conceptualizations of information exchange are associated with increased levels of trust. It is information exchange norms that have the greatest (positive) association with the level of trust. These norms emerge as part of the long term co-production of the relationship itself. This has important managerial implications. We conclude there are few managerial actions involving managing communication that can “manufacture” trust and improve or develop relationships in the short term. The paper concludes with a discussion of alternative ways of envisaging communication and relationship management and the nature and future of research into the evolution of business relationships.     

业务流程优化的实施方法研究

论述了业务流程优化的步骤,提出“六阶段”项目方法,即企业经营战略评估、关键成功要素分析、建立评价指标体系、确定关键业务流程、优化方案设计、优化方案实施,同时结合某公司实行业务流程优化的项目实例对“六阶段法”的具体工作内容进行分析研究。     

New Information Technology and the Knowledge-Based Economy. The Italian Evidence

This work analyses the outcome of the interaction between: 1) the diffusion of new information technologies; 2) their effects on the tradability, divisibility and transportability of information; 3) the growing role of business service industries in the introduction of new technologies; 4) the interaction between receptivity and connectivity of learning agents in the generation of localized technological change based upon both tacit and generic knowledge, and 5) the parallel increase in total factor productivity. The empirical results provide some support, with respect to the Italian economy, to two hypotheses: 1) The co-evolution of usage of business and communication services. Our empirical analysis has shown the strong correlation between the levels and rates of growth in the use of communication and business services. 2) The productivity enhancing effects of the co-evolution in the use of business and communication.     

沃尔玛的信息化之路与启示——基于信息依赖度分析模型的案例研究

本文首先对沃尔玛信息化过程中的关键事件资料进行收集、归纳整理和分析，然后对其信息化的过程进行阶段划分，以研究作为一个通过信息化而建立起强有力的竞争优势的成功企业所具有的信息化发展历程和特征。然后运用“基于信息依赖度的企业信息化战略分析模型”对这个案例进行了分析和评价．以对沃尔玛信息化战略规划取得成功的内在原因进行分析。本文最后总结了沃尔玛信息化成功之路的几点启示。     

氯化聚氯乙烯管道加工设备与工艺研究

介绍了氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)树脂的性能和CPVC管材成型加工的关键技术,从生产设备、加工工艺以及检测结果等方面论述了CPVC与PVC的主要不同点;介绍了基于原料特性和成型加工的不同,造就了CPVC管道独特的优良性能,介绍了其发展前景。     

Cybersecurity: Stakeholder incentives,externalities, and policy options

Information security breaches are increasingly motivated by fraudulent and criminal motives. Reducing their considerable costs has become a pressing issue. Although cybersecurity has strong public good characteristics, most information security decisions are made by individual stakeholders. Due to the interconnectedness of cyberspace, these decentralized decisions are afflicted with externalities that can result in sub-optimal security levels. Devising effective solutions to this problem is complicated by the global nature of cyberspace, the interdependence of stakeholders, as well as the diversity and heterogeneity of players. The paper develops a framework for studying the co-evolution of the markets for cybercrime and cybersecurity. It examines the incentives of stakeholders to provide for security and their implications for the ICT ecosystem. The findings show that market and non-market relations in the information infrastructure generate many security-enhancing incentives. However, pervasive externalities remain that can only be corrected by voluntary or government-led collective measures.     

彩色复制中颜色信息传递算法的研究进展

本文深入分析了彩色复制过程中造成阶调失真的主要原因,重点阐述了颜色传递过程中引入误差的影响。将颜色传递过程分解为色域映射和色空间转换两大类算法,首先对色域映射边界的描述以及基于图像的色域映射算法的选择问题进行了分析;对色空间转换常用的三种算法,即多项式回归、神经网络和三维插值等算法进行了对比和分析,并列举了当前这一领域的研究现状和今后的发展方向。     

试论建设项目全过程投资控制

本文阐述了建设项目全过程投资控制的措施和意义，论述了建设过程中投资控制的关键环节，着重论述了设计阶段投资控制的具体方法：指明了投资控制理念的改革趋向，指出投资控制的措施主要有技术措施、经济措施、合同措施、组织措施，只要科学地设置控制目标，把技术与经济结合起来，通过主动、有效、科学的控制，就能保证投资目标的实现。     

汽轮机主汽疏水改造及节能效果分析

在我国燃气轮机联合循环机组一般为调峰机组,为了提高燃气轮机热态启动及带负荷的速度,分析了减少启动到带满负荷用时需要解决的汽轮机主汽疏水管径偏小的问题。介绍了华兴电厂S109FA燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组汽轮机主汽管道疏水的改造方案,并对改造实施的具体内容进行了阐述;通过改造后机组实际运行状况分析,认为改造取得了明显的节能效果和经济效益。     

电网建设全过程造价变动的原因及控制措施

从基于电网建设项目全寿命控制造价的角度,分析建设各阶段造价与量、价、费、额间的逻辑关系,探寻电网建设全过程造价变动的原因。识别实现电网造价控制的关键因素,针对电网项目建设过程中造价变动的现状,从管理体制和技术支撑2个方面提出若干措施建议,有助于电网建设项目造价管控。     

利润区指数模型:企业利润区定量分析范式

本文基于过程管理的研究思路,提出企业运营的内因势能和弹性势能概念,并根据企业运营过程中的势能状况来界定企业的利润区,选定关键环节的具体评价指标体系,建立了企业利润区指数模型,并采用超越对数方法对指数模型的具体函数形式进行逼近,最后利用上市公司生产经营的真实数据进行实证研究。结果进一步印证了利润区指数模型用于企业利润区定量分析的合理性。本文给出了一种企业利润区分析的定量研究新范式。     

基于印能捷流程的数据流控制模板的建立

现代印刷生产在数字化信息处理和计算机控制技术的推动下,正在采用数字化生产流程进行印刷产业的新变革。印刷数字化工作流程不仅通过印刷图文信息、的数字化改变了传统印前、印刷工艺的面貌,而且通过数字化的图文信息数据流控制,改变了传统印刷生产的信息组织与传递,为印刷工业发展带来新的机遇与挑战。本文以印能捷数字化工作流程为基础,重点研究数字化印前流程中数据流的控制方法,并根据实际生产要求,采用理论分析和实验验证相结合的方式,通过设置各种不同格式及内容的文件,解析了数据流传递与控制的关键节点、参数设置与优化,建立了一套模式化的、简单易用的数据流控制模板,实现了印刷数据流在整个印前流程中准确顺畅的传递。研究成果对印刷企业应用数字化生产流程提升印刷质量,提高生产效率具有很好的理论指导作用和实际应用价值。     

Initial conditions or process of development? Critical incidents in the early stages of new ventures

Past research on new venture creation has focussed on initial conditions of start–ups or on the process of evolution. However, few studies have investigated the transitory stage when initial conditions changeover to a process of evolution. The aim of this paper is to investigate critical incidents infant new ventures face in this transitory stage. The paper covers two areas. First, a review of selected process models of new venture creation is conducted. Results from this review concludes that existing models as described in the literature are associated with several weaknesses: they oversimplify the phenomenon studied as they most often focus on one aspect only and they do not deal with how entrepreneurs adapt to specific situational conditions. Furthermore, the review indicates that the starting–point of a process often is hard to specify and characterize. Second, an empirical study based on the critical incident technique is reported on. On the basis of interviews with founders and entrepreneurial service providers related to the companies 65 critical incidents were identified. This equals an average of 8.1 incidents per company during a period of 6–18 months. Financing and recruiting were the most frequent and most important activities to manage. Then follows reference/first customer in third place. A common pattern of occurring incidents was identified among the ventures. However, in relation to the first round of venture capital financing a strategic choice was made. Either the companies followed a growth strategy and recruitment and organizational development were key goals, or the company focussed on building a patent portfolio. A tentative model is suggested that describes this process in detail.