既有居住建筑节能改造应用与示范工程——包头市口岸花苑小区节能改造方案分析

本文结合世界银行与建设部(moc)共同实施的中国gef供熟改革与建筑节能(hrbee)项目,以包头口岸花苑小区作为示范工程,简述改造对象的基本情况.文章强调:随着能源价格的上涨,节能改造带来的收益越来越明显.经对比发现:管网、热源改造,节能收效显著.带动了整个节能改造的回收期缩短同时具有良好的环境经济效益.文章着重分析了改造方案分析的方法,并作了必要的经济效益和环境效益分析,为下一步实施改造提供了依据.     

The Fort McMurray demonstration project in social marketing: Health- and safety-related behaviour in a prosperous industrial community

Abstract

This is the first in a series of surveys conducted in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, as part of the Fort McMurray Demonstration Project in Social Marketing. The Project is a community-based, cooperative program designed to demonstrate and to evaluate the application of social marketing and community animation to health- and safety-promoting interventions. This baseline survey was for the purpose of planning specific interventions and to support evaluation of the impact of these interventions. In 1992, a survey of Fort McMurray residents was conducted by telephone. Respondents to the survey tended to be disproportionately women (60%) and aged 30 to 44 (men 55%, women 54%). Most of the findings reported describe a generally affluent community with good self-reported health status and satisfaction in the quality of life. Occupational and personal health-and safety-related behaviours showed some contradictions. Both hearing protection and eye protection are much more frequently practiced at work than at home by both men and women. Protection from ultraviolet radiation, in the form of sunscreens or clothes cover, is practiced with about the same frequency at home or at work, suggesting that this behaviour is conditioned by lifestyle attitudes. Warm-up exercises are much more commonly practiced by both men and women before exertion at home than at work. We conclude that safety-related practices at home and at work are often at variance. The strategy of encouraging generalization of safety-related behaviours, to be practiced consistently both at home and at work, seems to hold promise for achieving greater compliance and promoting both community and workplace safety.     

Combating the effects of turnover: Military lessons learned from project teams rebuilding Iraq

The literature concerning turnover has traditionally been composed of studies and analyses which assume that turnover rates are malleable, and can be reduced. We take the opposite position and contend that turnover rates for certain organizations are not variable, but rather remain fixed. Is it possible, then, to reduce the deleterious effects of turnover without reducing the actual churn of individuals? To answer this question, we draw from experiences of the U.S. military during Operation Iraqi Freedom, in order to learn from its methods of dealing with high personnel turnover during the management of projects. Specifically, we offer four best practices that reduce the negative effects of turnover, while allowing the rate itself to remain constant. These best practices aim toward sharing the knowledge and mental models critical for sustained operations, to insulate the organization against the departure of key personnel. Herein, we demonstrate how efficient operations can be maintained amidst high churn rates.     

The financial system in post-communist countries: the Polish lessons

The financial systems inherited by post-communist countries are damaging their economic development and make impossible macroeconomic policies aimed both at growth and economic stabilization. This incompatibility is illustrated by recent Polish experiences under both the last communist and the first non-communist government.     

Learning from housing environments: home economics and home ecology — A Canadian demonstration project

An effective method for providing information to bring about meaningful change and encourage the adoption of innovation is by the use of demonstration projects. This paper examines a specific housing demonstration project based on three design criteria: dynamics, life cycle cost analysis, and nexus. The paper also includes some discussion about housing and society in the future, particularly in terms of environmental stress and social change, and how housing can be responsive to changing human needs.     

The European project: Growing pains

Tomasso Padoa‐Schioppa. (2004). The Euro and Its Central Bank. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 260 pages. ISBN: 0‐ 262‐16222‐9. Brendan Brown. (2004). Euro on Trial. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 188 pages. ISBN: 1‐4039‐1284‐X. Helge Berger and Thomas Moutos (Eds.). (2004). Managing European Union Enlargement. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 313 pages. ISBN: 0‐262‐02561‐2.     

浅谈项目控制在项目管理中的应用

本文简单分析了项目管理在我国的发展状况以及遇到的困难,并且对项目控制在项目管理中的应用进行论述.     

议工程中的技术管理

前言 一个项目从开工到竣工,无论是前期的技术准备,施工过程中的过程控制还是竣工资料的整理,技术活动在整个的工程中占有不可取代的作用.     

New venture development: The costs and benefits of public sector assistance

In recent years there has been an extraordinary level of entrepreneurial activity occurring in the United States. Venture start-ups, new incorporations even bankruptcies are reaching record numbers. Concurrent with the increase in entrepreneurial activity has been an effort within the Reagan Administration to privatize public sector programs designed to aid new and small, ongoing business ventures. The premise behind this movement is that private sector initiatives can better, and more efficiently, serve the needs of entrepreneurs and small business managers and can also offer new business opportunities for some entrepreneurs. At the same time, however, privatization could reduce the assistance programs currently targeting fledgling ventures, many of which are unable to afford a private consultant.The purpose of this article is to examine the economic impact of one public sector assistance program, the Small Business Development Center (SBDC), in terms of its contributions to new venture initiation in Georgia and South Carolina. The focus on the SBDC program is appropriate since over 50% of the counseling activities of most of the centers is devoted to pre-venture clients, i.e., individuals or groups considering starting a business. This study is important and timely, not only in respect to assessing the effectiveness of public sector assistance programs for pre-ventures, but also for assessing whether it is worthwhile from an economic perspective, to offer assistance to such individuals in the first place.Although it is difficult to be precise in attributing cause to effects in dynamic business ventures, our study indicates that the Small Business Development Center's client sample experienced a greater than expected number of business starts, and a higher than expected rate of survival. The results suggest that the net taxable sales, generated by these new ventures in 1984. was approximately $20 million in Georgia and $10 million in South Carolina. Results also suggest that almost 500 new jobs were created in Georgia and 600 new jobs were created in South Carolina between 1981 and 1984 as a result of successful business starts among SBDC pre-venture clients.While such figures are impressive, the bottom line of this study is that the new tax revenues generated by client firms exceeded the cost of delivering the services. Specifically, our conservative estimates suggest a $3.80 to $1.00 and $1.50 to $1.00 benefit to cost ratio for the center's pre-venture consulting services in Georgia and South Carolina, respectively. Furthermore, the value attached to the assistance received, by the entrepreneurs themselves, closely paralleled our estimates, lending additional validity to our conclusions. Resource constrained entrepreneurs can obtain effective business assistance from the SBDC free-of-charge, and the benefits to society accruing from this service far outweigh the cost of providing them.     

计算机课的多媒体教学应用

在不同类型课程的课堂教学中,合理应用多媒体技术可以提高课堂教学的效果,提升教学质量.文章分析了如何将多媒体技术应用于理论型和实践型课程的教学中.     

Web site customer orientations, Web site quality, and purchase intentions: The role of Web site personality

This research extends the concept of salesperson customer orientation to Internet marketing by conceptualizing and studying the effects of Web site customer orientation on perceived Web site quality and consumer behavior. This research also adapts the concept of brand/store personality to Internet marketing by investigating the effects of Web site personality on perceived Web site quality and consumer purchase intention. The model is tested on apparel Web sites using data from multiple sources. Implications of managing Web site personality and Web site customer orientation are discussed.     

浅谈施工企业项目管理

根据目前建筑施工企业项目管理繁重,以及长期以来存在的企业项目管理中施工队伍素质差,管理水平低的状态的情况.分析企业如何满足施工工程要求,质量、安全文明施工和工期要求,如何将项目成本控制的组织措施、技术措施、经济措施,三者是融为一体、相互作用的.分析项目经理部如何建立项目成本控制中心,要以投标报价为依据,制定项目成本控制目标,各部门和各班组通力合作,形成以市场报价为基础的施工方案经济优化、物资采购、经济优化、劳动力配备经济优化的项目成本控制体系.     

The economics of demonstrations: The effect of competition on demonstration and pricing strategies

Demonstrations of new software products and their equivalents in the automobile industry, i.e., test-drives, are an inherent part of sales efforts. Yet the quality of standard demonstrations has been criticized as being inadequate and, in particular, too short. Heavy competition at the dealer level has been pinpointed as the main reason for short, minimal demonstrations. An analysis of business cases from two industries—automobile and software—indicates that, while competition diminishes demonstration efforts in the automobile industry, it has the opposite effect in the software industry where heavy competition induces demonstration efforts. This paper studies demonstration policies in a monopoly and a duopoly and explores the role of competition and costs of production and demonstration on demonstration strategies in these two market settings. Comparing the set of conditions between the two market settings enables us to determine under which competition will increase (decrease) demonstration intensity.     

在建筑施工中现场管理的作用

文章对在施工中的管理工作进行的探讨.     

Monetary policy in developing countries: lessons from Kenya

We estimate and then simulate a model of Kenyan economic development from 1965 to 1997 with two objectives in mind. The first is to demonstrate the degree of volatility of cyclical shocks that developing countries experience and to calculate the domestic nominal adjustments required by these shocks under both irrevocably fixed and free exchange rates.A comparison of these counterfactual nominal adjustments identifies the short-run implications for an economy of the choice of exchange rate regime. The second objective is to provide an estimate of the consequences for the economic development of Kenya of the lack of a coherent monetary order (excessive domestic credit expansion and overvalued exchange rate) throughout most of the period since 1965.A neoclassical convergence growth model based on Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1992) is employed and calibrated to represent the long-run growth path of real GDP in Kenya. A short-run four-sector CGE model is constructed that allows for cyclical movements of real GDP about the convergence growth path. The cyclical model focuses on the adjustment of the relative price of non-traded goods that is required to ensure short-run equilibrium in the non-traded goods sector. Given that terms of trade shocks dominated the macro environment of Kenya over the sample period, we find that a free exchange rate regime would have insulated the economy to a greater degree than an irrevocably fixed regime. In the growth decomposition exercise, we estimate that the two largest (and negative) influences on Kenyan economic growth were the decline in the external terms of trade from 100 in 1965 to an average of 79.5 over the 32-year time period, and the overvalued Kenyan shilling represented by a premium on the parallel market for foreign exchange. Overall, we estimate that the overvalued exchange rate reduced economic growth by an average of 0.47 per cent per annum over the 32 years.     

浅析项目施工中的风险管理

施工企业要想在竞争中立于不败之地,必须有效地控制风险、规避风险、化解风险.必须善于分析风险因素,正确估计风险大小,认真研究风险防范措施,以避免和减轻风险.     

浅谈工程中的水文地质问题

往往在工程勘察设计和施工过程中文地质问题常常被忽视,本文从以往工程勘察中水文地质问题被忽视的原因进行分析,并做出评价其危害给工程带来的不便.     

谈技术指标在期货价格预测中的应用

针对期货价格预测这一问题,本文主要介绍了几种与计算机相关的技术指标,充分利用已有数据和博弈大师软件所得出的图表进行预测分析,几种技术指标之间的优势得到了有效的互补,提高了预测的准确率。最后结合具体的期货品种进行了分析,进一步验证了预测的有效性。     

Consumer response to economic crisis and lessons for marketers: The Turkish experience

Private consumption is the largest component of gross domestic product (GDP). It has a substantial impact on the speed of recovery from an economic crisis. This paper aims to examine the behavior of consumers, firms, and government in Turkey in response to the recent global economic crisis. Turkey was one of the few countries that emerged from the economic downturn relatively quickly. The demographics of consumers, the solidity of financial sector, and the government policies led to a speedy recovery from the crisis through an increase in consumption expenditures. During the initial shock, consumers switched to cheaper goods and decreased consumption expenditures in total. The government emphasized that the impact of crisis would be limited. The opening of credit lines, the temporary reduction in value-added tax and special consumption tax on certain commodities, aggressive marketing campaigns, and a rosy future drawn by chambers of commerce and NGOs in specific promotional activities were influential in increasing consumption. This paper discusses the consumer response to and the marketing lessons derived from this experience.     

The dramatic breakdown of the market orientation concept in the pharmaceutical industry: lessons from Vioxx

In this article we present an in-depth case study to better understand the underlying market orientation concept in relation to bringing new technologies to the marketplace. We use the case history of the anti-arthritis drug Vioxx, developed and marketed by the company Merck & Co. Inc that allegedly killed thousands of customers. The case shows how market orientation can take shape and how the key components may form an explosive cocktail prone to problematic behaviour rather than a synergistic set of orientations that creates value for customers. From the data covering 20 years, it is clear that a consumer orientation and competitor orientation, for example, are difficult to internalise and balance by employees. A competitive orientation seems to lead to tunnel vision regarding profit and market share outcomes. Implications for the fundamental market orientation concept, innovation management, together with management challenges are discussed.