美联储货币政策中性化背景下人民币外汇市场间均衡关系调整和溢出效应研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

文章选用二变量VECM-GJR-MVGARCH(1,1)-BEKK扩展模型,分析了在美联储货币政策冲击影响下的在岸人民币即期和远期汇率,在岸远期和离岸远期汇率间长期均衡关系调整、均值溢出、波动溢出以及非对称效应。实证结果表明,(1)在岸即期汇率对远期汇率有引导作用,主要由在岸远期汇率进行调整以实现即期、远期汇率间的长期均衡关系,意料之外的美联储加息会导致即期、远期汇率的贬值,并减小即期汇率的波动率;(2)在岸远期汇率引导离岸远期汇率,离岸远期市场处于信息波动的中心位置,意料之外的美联储加息会导致在岸、离岸远期汇率的贬值;(3)各外汇市场具有较强的波动集聚性,在岸即期汇率对远期汇率有较强的波动溢出效应和非对称效应,离岸远期汇率对相应期限的在岸远期汇率有显著的波动溢出和非对称效应,美国货币政策冲击对在岸、离岸远期外汇市场的波动率和波动溢出效应有显著影响。因此,投资者和政策制定者在决策时不仅要考虑不同人民币外汇市场间的长期均衡关系调整、均值溢出、波动溢出以及非对称效应,也应重点关注美国货币政策对人民币汇率水平和波动可能带来的影响。     

美联储货币政策中性化背景下人民币外汇市场间均衡关系调整和溢出效应研究

文章选用二变量VECM-GJR-MVGARCH(1,1)-BEKK扩展模型,分析了在美联储货币政策冲击影响下的在岸人民币即期和远期汇率,在岸远期和离岸远期汇率间长期均衡关系调整、均值溢出、波动溢出以及非对称效应。实证结果表明,(1)在岸即期汇率对远期汇率有引导作用,主要由在岸远期汇率进行调整以实现即期、远期汇率间的长期均衡关系,意料之外的美联储加息会导致即期、远期汇率的贬值,并减小即期汇率的波动率;(2)在岸远期汇率引导离岸远期汇率,离岸远期市场处于信息波动的中心位置,意料之外的美联储加息会导致在岸、离岸远期汇率的贬值;(3)各外汇市场具有较强的波动集聚性,在岸即期汇率对远期汇率有较强的波动溢出效应和非对称效应,离岸远期汇率对相应期限的在岸远期汇率有显著的波动溢出和非对称效应,美国货币政策冲击对在岸、离岸远期外汇市场的波动率和波动溢出效应有显著影响。因此,投资者和政策制定者在决策时不仅要考虑不同人民币外汇市场间的长期均衡关系调整、均值溢出、波动溢出以及非对称效应,也应重点关注美国货币政策对人民币汇率水平和波动可能带来的影响。     

汇改后境内外人民币汇率价格关系的比较分析

本文运用统计描述、协整检验及格兰杰因果关系分析等方法,从定性和定量综合集成的途径,对汇改以来境内外人民币汇率的价格关系进行了探讨分析。研究发现,在2006年7月3日至2008年5月31日时间段内,境内外人民币汇率具有大致相同的升值走势,但境外NDF市场对人民币汇率升值的预期强于国内,计量结果显示,境内银行间市场即期汇率与远期汇率之间、即期汇率与境外人民币NDF汇率之间仅在较短期限品种上存在明显协整关系,境内银行间市场远期汇率与境外人民币NDF汇率在各个期限品种上均存在显著协整关系,价格的传导表现为境外人民币NDF汇率引导境内即期和远期汇率,境内则是由即期市场向远期市场单向传递。这与汇率决定理论所主张的"远期应该领先即期"以及"境内引导境外"观点看似矛盾,却恰恰从另一方面反映了我国远期外汇市场是非有效的,以及人民币远期汇率定价机制的缺失。最后,本文结合我国外汇管理体制改革进程及外汇市场发展状况,对进一步完善人民币汇率形成机制和加快我国外汇市场建设提出了政策建议。     

境内外人民币远期汇率联动性及其波动性比较

通过对境内人民币远期汇率（FR）和境外人民币无本金交割远期汇率（NDF）的关系进行协整分析,发现境内外人民币远期外汇市场具有较强的联动性,二者的走势基本趋同;在此基础上对两个市场上的人民币远期汇率的波动特征进行了比较,认为境内人民币远期汇率和境外NDF汇率的波动特征存在一定差异,前者更具有新息冲击曲线的非对称特性。     

浅谈远期汇率的相关计算公式

在经济全球化的今天,远期汇率担当着重要的角色.近年来,国际外汇市场日渐动荡不安,外汇风险也随之增加.文章通过利用利率的变化,初步研究了远期汇率的计算公式.     

新的人民币汇率形成机制下商业银行汇率风险研究

自2005年7月21日起，我国开始实行以市场供求为基础、参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度，人民币汇率不再单一盯住美元，而是形成更富弹性的人民币汇率机制，人民币汇率的弹性和灵活性大大增强。而后，通过增加外汇市场主体、引进做市商制度、提供远期和调期等规避汇率风险的工具等一系列措施，人民币汇率形成机制不断完善，外汇市场对外汇资源的配置开始发挥一定的作用。人民币汇率实现了有升有降的小幅双向波动，总体上呈升值态势。总体看，汇率形成机制改革的平稳实施，为人民币汇率形成机制的进一步完善和人民币汇率向合理、均衡水平过渡奠定了基础。     

发展中国远期外汇品种的优先次序

中国人民银行宣布自2005年7月21日起中国开始实行以市场供求为基础、参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度。这是中国在汇率形成机制市场化改革进程中迈出的重要的关键一步,这表明人民币汇率的变动将更加灵活、具有弹性。此后不久,央行在8月10日推出促进银行间外汇市场发展的重大举措,其中包括扩大即期外汇市场交易主体、允许开办银行间远期外汇交易、并允许符合资格的市场会员开展人民币掉期交易等。这意味着,在新的汇率制度下,政府正加快发展完善远期外汇市场的步伐,从而为市场主体提供更充分、有效的避险工具,避免汇率变动对实…     

人民币汇率波动的特点和外汇市场有效性——基于美元对人民币汇率的实证研究

对汇率波动性的研究在国际上占有重要地位,人民币汇率制度改革以来,汇率的波动性逐渐增加。文章借鉴了国外常用的将时间序列和波动理论相结合建立混合模型的方法,建立ARMA-EGARCH模型和ARMA-EGARCH-M模型对人民币对美元汇率进行实证分析。结果表明:第一,外汇市场上美元兑人民币的汇率对人民币升值的反应更为敏感;第二,中国外汇市场的有效性不足。     

股票价格与汇率之间的动态关系——基于中国市场的经验分析

本文以利差为外生变量,基于向量自回归多元EGARCH模型和日数据,对我国股价与汇率之闻的动态关系进行了实证研究和深入分析.研究发现:在价格溢出方面,只存在外汇市场到股票市场短期单向引导关系,但利差对股价和汇率均存在价格溢出效应;在波动溢出方面,股票市场对外汇市场存在非对称的波动溢出效应,而外汇市场对股票市场只存在对称的波动溢出效应,利差的变化对股票市场和外汇市场都不存在波动溢出效应;与国内相关研究结论不同的是,我们没有发现股价与汇率之间存在长期均衡关系.     

外汇投资的实战方法

外汇投资的方式主要有即期和远期的两种,另外根据操作方法不同,还可以分为套汇、套利、掉期、期权、期货等。(1)套汇(Arbitrage)套汇是指利用不同外汇市场的汇率差异,通过买进和卖出,赚取外汇利润的行为。它又可以分为直接套汇和间接套汇两种。所谓直接套汇又称两角套汇,是最简单的套汇方式,指利用两个外汇市场上某种货币的汇率差异,同时在两个外汇市场上一边买进,一边卖     

人民币离岸市场与在岸市场汇率的动态相关性研究

论文主要检验了人民币在岸市场(CNY)与香港人民币离岸市场(CNH)以及人民币无本金交割远期外汇市场(NDF)之间汇率波动性的动态相关关系。根据人民币离岸市场发展的标志性事件将样本区间分为四段,采用日度数据,利用DCC-MVGARCH模型研究三个市场日汇率数据之间的动态相关关系,研究结果发现:三个市场相关程度不断增强,信息传递较快;2009年7月1日前CNY市场与CNH市场汇率波动率的相关系数较低且规律性不强;2009年7月2日至2010年7月19日,受国际金融危机的影响,人民币汇率稳定不再升值,其相关系数接近于0;2010年7月20日至2011年6月27日汇率波动性的相关性逐渐增强,表明人民币国际化的影响逐渐加大。2011年6月28日至2012年12月24日间汇率波动的相关性显著增强,这说明人民币不同市场之间的信息溢出程度加强,境内外市场融合程度不断提高。     

本币升值影响外汇储备的实证分析:2003～2007

本文以2003～2007年13个国家为研究对象,研究了不同国家本币升值对外汇储备的影响。面板数据的实证结果表明,汇率波动在一定程度上决定了一国外汇储备的规模,本币升值是导致2002年以后新兴市场国家外汇储备快速增长的重要因素,本币升值幅度与外汇储备的增幅成反比。我们认为,外汇储备管理应从控制供给入手,有效控制外汇储备规模。而央行减少对汇率的干预,并逐步推进人民币国际化是有效降低过多外汇储备的重要手段。     

The stock market and the ringgit exchange rate: a note

This paper presents and tests an augmented monetary model that includes the effect of stock prices on the bilateral exchange rates. The model is applied to the ringgit/US dollar (RM/US) and ringgit/Japanese yen (RM/JY) exchange rates. The empirical analysis is conducted by the Johansen method of cointegration. Using the data from the recent float that ends with 1996:Q4, the study is motivated, among others, by an interesting preliminary finding that although the augmented monetary model is cointegrated, it is subject to parameter instability and that the parameter time dependency can be attributed at least partly to a particular subset of the variables in the system including stock prices. We find that a restricted VAR model which imposes exogeneity restrictions on I(1) variables, such as stock prices, among others, exhibits both cointegration and parameter stability. In addition, we demonstrate that exchange rate adjusts to clear any disequilibrium in the long-run relationship. The empirical findings tend to suggest that the equity market is significant in affecting the exchange rate and in explaining at least in part the parameter instability evidenced in the cointegrating system. Hence, we conclude that models of equilibrium exchange rate should be extended to include equity markets in addition to bond markets.     

Renminbi Derivatives： Recent Development and Issues

This study reviews the developments in the onshore and offshore renminbi derivatives markets. The onshore market has seen a rapid build‐up in the market infrastructure and price discovery mechanism in the past year, with empirical evidence suggesting that its pricing is increasingly determined by financial fundamentals, such as the covered interest rate parity. However, the growth of the market has been restrained by restrictions on the participant base, limited variations in the RMB/US$ exchange rate, market participants’lack of technical capacity and experience, and inadequate supporting financial market infrastructure. The non‐deliverable forward (NDF) market, concentrated in Hong Kong and Singapore, is more developed, but has the drawback that its pricing is not tied to financial fundamentals. The comparison between onshore and offshore markets suggests that two issues are of particular importance for future derivatives market development in China: the balance between regulation and development, and the relationship between onshore and offshore markets.     

Mean‐reverting and Asymmetric Volatility Switching Properties of Stock Price Index,Exchange Rate and Foreign Capital in Taiwan*

The main purpose of the present study is to explore the relationships among stock price index, exchange rate and foreign capital in Taiwan and to detect whether the mean‐reverting and asymmetric volatility switching properties exist in these markets. The multivariate asymmetric nonlinear smooth transition generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic in mean model is used in this study. The empirical results indicate that overbuy and oversell rates of foreign capital influence the movements of the stock price index and the exchange rate. All three conditional means exhibit asymmetric mean‐reverting behavior, with negative returns reverting quicker than positive returns in terms of both speed and magnitude. The empirical results also demonstrate that the conditional heteroskedasticities of these markets are asymmetric, generating different volatility persistence under a prior positive and negative return shock.     

Empirical Study on Information Asymmetry Based on Chinese Forward Exchange Rate Market

Many published studies have considered information asymmetry between domestic and foreign investors about local assets in the stock market, particularly in developed markets. The present study proposes a new perspective to address the issue in the case of China's forward exchange rate market. Following the framework of Clarida and Taylor (1997), the term structures of exchange rates in the domestic forward and the non‐deliverable forward markets are constructed and then applied to predict future spot exchange rates based on a vector equilibrium correction model. By comparing the forecast accuracy on the basis of the root mean square error and the mean absolute error, it is shown that dynamic out‐of‐sample forecasts of the domestic forward market are superior to those of the non‐deliverable forward market, suggesting that domestic investors are better informed than foreign investors. The result has several important policy implications, especially for exchange rate determination.     

Capital controls and international trade finance in a dual exchange rate regime: The Belgian experience post-mortem

Capital Controls and International Trade Finance in a Dual Exchange Rate Regime: The Belgian Experience Post-Mortem. — The purpose of the paper is to model “leads and lags” capital flows on the official segment of a dual exchange market and to examine the effects of various types of capital controls imposed by authorities on the official spot and forward exchange markets. The focus of the analysis is the degree of insulation provided by a “dual exchange market cum capital controls” in face of a speculative crisis. The crucial variables in this respect are the deviation from covered interest parity and the forward risk premium. Results of the theoretical model are confronted with empirical evidence over the 1975–85 period.     

Pricing of foreign exchange risk and market segmentation: Evidence from Pakistan's equity market

This paper undertakes empirical analysis to investigate whether foreign exchange rate risk is priced, and the extent to which the Pakistani equity market is integrated into world equity markets. For the period January 1993–January 2013, we investigate unconditional pricing using the iterated generalized method of moments, employing industry and size portfolios formed from 180 firms traded on the Karachi Stock Exchange. Using the multi beta asset pricing model, we find that exchange risk is priced into the Pakistani equity market over the full sample period. Moreover, we find strong evidence that the Pakistani equity market is segmented from world markets, especially in the post 9/11 period.     

Estimating time-varying currency betas with contagion: New evidence from developed and emerging financial markets

This paper examines the conditional time-varying currency betas from five developed and six emerging financial markets with contagion and spillover effects. We employ a trivariate asymmetric BEKK-type GARCH-in-Mean (MGARCH-M) approach to estimate the time-varying conditional variance and covariance of returns of stock market index, the world market portfolio and bilateral exchange rate between the US dollar and the local currency. The results show that the world market and currency risks are not only priced in the stock markets, but also time-varying. It is found that currency betas are much more volatile than the world market betas, and currency betas in the emerging markets are more volatile than those in the developed markets. We find empirical evidence of contagion effect and spillovers between stock market and foreign exchange market during the recent global financial crisis, and the effect is stronger in the emerging markets than that in the developed markets. Two applications are provided to illustrate the usefulness of time-varying currency betas.     

中美两国利率与汇率相互影响效应的评估研究——基于抛补利率平价理论的实证检验

对中美两国利率与汇率的相互影响效应进行实证评估后可以发现:虽然中国国内利率是美元兑人民币汇率和美国国内利率变化的Granger原因,但中国利率政策变动对美元兑人民币汇率和美国利率政策的影响仍然较小;美国利率政策变动对美元兑人民币汇率和中国利率政策变动的影响相对较大,因而中国的利率市场化改革和金融市场间的传导机制建设仍需深入。