金融危机下贸易保护主义的新特点及中国应对策略

金融危机波及全球,贸易保护主义出现新特点,各国筑起贸易壁垒,使我国对外贸易经济发展面临严峻挑战,本文以金融危机下贸易保护主义新特点为切入点,分析其特点。在此基础上,分析其出现的原因,并探讨我国面临的挑战。讨论金融危机下贸易保护主义新特点及我国面临挑战,并重点探讨我国应对策略。     

2002-2003年我国对外贸易形势回顾与展望

2002年前3季度我国对外贸易，特别是出口保持强劲的增长势头，这得益于我国国民经济持续稳定发展和加入世界贸易组织带来的正面效应。展望2003年，国内外经济形势总体上相对有利，但各种不确定因素也不少。预测我国2003年的进出口增长分别在15％、16％左右。我国应积极扩大出口、提高国际竞争力、搞好贸易配套措施、积极应对贸易保护主义和反倾销。     

后危机时代中国应对新贸易保护主义挑战的对策

受国际金融危机影响,贸易保护主义呈现出一些新的特征。作为贸易保护主义的主要受害国,我国应采取积极有效的措施应对新贸易保护主义的挑战,加快建立全球、政府、行业和企业四位一体的应对机制,形成合力,共同摆脱贸易保护主义困境。     

国际金融危机下的贸易保护主义

受国际金融危机影响,全球经济持续萎靡不振,失业人数持续增加。各国纷纷采取贸易保护手段,我国对外贸易及经济发展面临着巨大的困难和严峻的挑战。通过分析国际金融危机下贸易保护主义的特点和对世界经济的影响,提出我国应采取熟练运用国际贸易规则、提高出口退税率、将积极开拓新兴市场与扩大内需相结合、加强标准化建设,提高其自主创新能力等对策,以应对国际金融危机下的贸易保护主义。     

中国遭遇反倾销原因研究

入世以来,伴随着生产效率和购买力的迅速提高,新兴产业的技术价格优势带动了经济发展,中国已经逐渐变为世界第二大经济体。国际贸易地位稳步攀升,我国成为世界上受到反倾销案件影响最多的受害国,遭到进出口国反倾销措施的对待。国际贸易自由化进程面临严峻挑战,贸易保护主义日益高涨,严重影响到我国对外贸易的顺利发展。研究如何有效地应对新形势下的国际反倾销,对于促进我国进出口贸易发展极为重要,具有重大的现实意义。     

我国反倾销问题及应对对策探讨

20世纪90年代以来,反倾销问题一直是我国对外贸易中的热门话题,新贸易保护主义已悄然改变了先前的保护策略以及手段,并以更加隐蔽的方式——反倾销来实现其贸易保护主义的根本目的。该项贸易保护措施对我国企业的频繁使用使我国企业蒙受巨大损失,也成为我国国际贸易发展的重大障碍。针对我国当前反倾销面临的问题及经济形势,提出一系列应对对策。     

新贸易保护主义对我国的影响及对策

全球金融危机的爆发使整个世界经济陷入了衰退之中,新一轮的贸易保护主义浪潮正在掀起。其主要表现形式有反倾销措施、出口补贴、提高关税、限制进口、歧视性的政府采购、技术性贸易壁垒和金融保护主义。新贸易保护主义对我国经济发展带来了严重影响,我国应积极扩大内需,完善国际贸易预警机制,积极开拓新兴市场,鼓励对外直接投资,利用WTO规则维护自己的正当权益等来减少新贸易保护主义对我国的影响。     

中国企业面临反倾销的现状及应对措施

当前国际贸易自由化进程面临严峻挑战，贸易保护主义日渐高涨。一些发达国家利用反倾销措施对中国出口商品频频进行反倾销调查。本文就反倾销的相关规定、保护主义倾向的具体体现进行阐述。针对中国在反倾销中受到的非市场经济国家待遇地位，从经济和法律方面，更深刻地阐明了反倾销制度的不公平性，并就中国企业如何应对国外反倾销制度进行详细的说明。     

新贸易保护主义的表现特征初探

新贸易保护主义是20世纪80年代初才兴起的,以绿色壁垒、技术壁垒、反倾销和知识产权保护等非关税壁垒措施为主要表现形式。它们在维护民族利益、保护资源与环境的旗帜下,行保护之目的,具有名义上的合理性、形式上的隐蔽性、手段上的欺骗性和战略上的进攻性等特点。因此,我们要充分了解新贸易保护主义的表现形式,有的放矢,积极应对新贸易保护主义对我国经济的影响。     

国外对华反倾销与倾销情况分析

近年来,面对世界经济低迷,为了保护本国产业,一些国家频繁使用贸易保护措施,其中反倾销已成为贸易保护的首选方案。而随着中国对外贸易规模不断扩大,一些国家将中国作为反倾销的主要目标。从立案数量、产品分布、国别分布等方面分析中国反倾销现状,提出我国要加快制定与完善反倾销立法,创新应对反倾销战略体系,培养相关人才,积极应诉以提高我国企业反倾销的主动性等建议。     

刍议国际贸易中的贸易报复

20世纪 90年代后,随着经济全球化的发展,国际贸易领域中的争端和冲突日益增多,许多国家为了维护自己的经济利益,开始越来越多地采取贸易报复。目前,贸易报复已成为制约国际贸易发展的重要障碍之一,而要减少各国之间的贸易报复,首先需要真正地认识贸易报复。     

国际贸易理论的演进逻辑:贸易动因、贸易结构和贸易结果

国际贸易理论历经古典贸易理论、新古典贸易理论、新贸易理论、新兴古典贸易理论和新新贸易理论五个阶段,主要回答三个基本问题:贸易动因、贸易结构和贸易结果。依据不同的假设,贸易理论对影响贸易的边界条件的解释各不相同,对贸易动因解释也不相同;贸易结构从行业间贸易、行业内贸易发展为企业间贸易,国际贸易正在向全球化下的企业分工演变;贸易结果是国际贸易得以持续展开的效果,生产力提升是最终的结果。基于三个基本问题,比较各种国际贸易理论,揭示各种国际贸易理论的局限性,并做出评价。     

贸易自由化与中性贸易体制

贸易体制中性化是贸易自由化的内在要求，但是，中性化并不等于自由化，贸易自由化必须包括贸易体制中性化和减少贸易干预两个方面。贸易自由化的实质是建立有效的市场经济机制，减少对贸易的行政干预是贸易自由化成功与否的关键所在。     

货物贸易、服务贸易与技术贸易发展趋向

通过对世界货物贸易、世界服务贸易和国际技术贸易这三者的发展状况进行对比分析,考察三者在贸易自由化方面的关系,认为技术贸易自由化的阻力是技术贸易、服务贸易和货物贸易中最小的,且发展最快;服务贸易自由化的阻力又小于货物贸易自由化的阻力,其发展速度快于货物贸易,并据此提出我国应采取的对策建议。     

ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement: Evaluating Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Effects

The present study attempts to provide insight into the trade creation and trade diversion effects of ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement in goods, which came into force in 2010. The paper applies a theoretically consistent gravity model and uses empirically robust procedures such as ordinary least squares and pseudo-Poisson maximum likelihood in order to analyze the ex post effects of the agreement at an aggregate level. The results reveal that standard gravity variables are statistically significant and report expected signs, yet a reduction in export flows has been observed following the implementation of the free trade agreement, giving rise to pure trade diversion effects.     

Do Trade Agreements Increase Food Trade?

In addition to multilateral trade agreements under the World Trade Organization (WTO), the world has seen a remarkable proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) in the last two decades. This study investigates whether these multilateral and regional trade institutions increase food trade and bring the world into a freer flow of food. The gravity model of international trade is used for the empirical analysis. The model is developed in a large panel data setting and attempted to address some potential problems in the estimations including multilateral trade resistances, zero trade values and endogeneity. The results suggest that both the WTO and RTAs have delivered significant positive effects on trade among the participant countries, but not food. Only RTAs are found to have increased food trade among the participant countries. However, although on average the WTO is found to have negative implications on food trade, it facilitates the developing countries more than the developed countries.     

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要帮助客户做生意，自己应该成为一个合格的生意人，这样才能引起客户的共鸣和重视，赢得客户的尊重。[编者按]     

Do Trade Agreements Stimulate International Trade Differently? Evidence from 296 Trade Agreements

In a seminal article, Rose (2004) found that the assumed positive impact of the WTO on international trade was questionable. This finding has been scrutinised and modified in subsequent research, using different data sets, econometric methods and separating the WTO from other forms of trade agreements. A key characteristic of the subsequent literature is the rather simplistic way in which trade agreements are treated whereby all trade agreements are lumped together. Trade agreements come, however, in many different forms and shapes. This study addresses these differences in trade agreements. Using a unique database of 296 trade agreements, we distinguish 17 trade‐related policy domains and indicate whether the agreements contain legally enforceable commitments. This extensive and novel taxonomy of trade agreements enables us to allow for the possible heterogeneity of the impact of trade agreements on international trade. Using a gravity model, we find that trade agreement heterogeneity indeed matters for international trade and that countries experience significant trade increases due to comprehensive trade agreements even if not all participants are in the WTO.     

Growth and Trade vs. Trade and Growth

In the traditional trade literature, there is a well-developed area analyzing the effect of growth on trade and its reflection on income growth. This literature developed already in the 1950s and 1960s. Generally speaking, an interest in the effects of trade on growth has also existed for many years, where trade has often been viewed as an engine of growth. Cases in point are the "East Asian Tigers" and Japan which have especially benefited from outward-looking policies. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between economic growth and growth in income terms of trade, arguing that income terms of trade is a useful concept in analyses of the link between trade and growth. Our results suggest that fast-growing countries have either specialized in sectors with a relatively favorable development with regard to world market prices, or they have managed to successively improve quality within sectors, thereby avoiding falling terms of trade in spite of large increases in export volumes.