Compare the model of Iran national quality award and the EFQM model

Nowadays, there are a lot of challenges for global processing in countries economic companies. One of the important reasons is lack of changes that must be with world-class technology for making a competition in industry, and another important reason is lack of organized distinction for managers. Most of high rank managers don＇t have good points for charging and worry about it. In this essay, there have been excellence organized model of EFQM and Iran national quality award which are compared by a case study, and finally, it has suggested using a native model.     

Ethnic groups and the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson trade model

Summary In this paper, we report a mode of the Harris-Todaro variety in which the labor force is composed of distinct and easily identifiable ethnic groups and in which capital is intersectorally mobile. We extend the central theorems of Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson trade theory to our model and also relate our results to other work.This work was conceived over several visits to The Pakistan Institute of Development Economics and finished at Berkeley where it was first presented at Professor Bardhan's Workshop in Development Economics. I am grateful to Professor Bardhan and to Director Naqvi and other Officers of the Institute for their hospitality and interest. I am also grateful to Naeem Siddiqui and Ray Reizman for several useful conversations; to S. Broca for many provocative comments on the HOS trade model; and, in particular, to one of three anonymous referees for her/his careful reading and detailed comments.     

Correcting the Merton and Henriksson timing model

This article provides evidence of a common bias found in traditional timing models, which is related with a negative correlation between timing and stock-picking abilities resulting in spurious coefficients. We consider as a possible cause for this bias the failure to include in the timing models the cost of the option implied in timing activities, and on this basis we opt for a corrected version of the Merton and Henriksson's model (1981 Merton, R. C. and Henriksson, R. D. 1981. On market timing and investment performance II: statistical procedures for evaluating forecasting skills. Journal of Business, 54: 513–34. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). As far as we know, this correction has not previously been applied. Our results confirm both the existence of this bias and the correction of the problem when the cost of the option is included in timing models.     

IS model: A general model of forecasting and its applications in science and the economy

Expanding the work of Marchetti and Modis on Lotka-Volterra competition systems, a general model of Interaction Systems (IS) is introduced to describe the dynamics of multiple member interactions among different populations concerning not only biological systems but other types of systems as well. The new IS model provides us with a general framework of analysis and forecasting, where all parameters, variables, and interactions have real meaning, by using basic knowledge of each system.The proposed model can be applied to many different fields covering economic, business, social, physical, and other phenomena giving us both numerical estimates and qualitative insights of the system's dynamics. This is illustrated in two case studies. In the first case, the IS model is applied to elementary chemical reactions in order to quantify the reactions' kinetics. The result is the well known rate law of chemical reactions kinetics thus providing evidence of the proposed model's validity. In the second case, the IS model is applied to the global economy. The resulting model is tested against real global GDP data. The new IS model gave reliable estimates and proved to be considerably more accurate as compared to a similar forecast of global GDP based on the logistic growth model. Furthermore, the new model presented a basic framework of understanding the nature of major economic shifts, including the recent global recession of 2009, by studying the dynamic relationship between demand and supply.     

Evaluating the performance of the search and matching model

Does the search and matching model fit aggregate U.S. labor market data? While the model has become an important tool of macroeconomic analysis, recent literature pointed to some significant failures in accounting for the data. This paper aims to answer two questions: (i) Does the model fit the data, and, if so, on what dimensions? (ii) Does the data “fit” the model, i.e. what are the data which are relevant to be explained by the model?The analysis shows that the model fits certain specifications of the data on many dimensions, though not on all. This includes capturing the high persistence and high volatility of most of the key variables, the negative co-variation of unemployment and vacancies, and the behavior of the worker job finding rate. A key role in this fit is played by the convexity of hiring costs and the stochastic properties of the separation rate. The latter is a major component of the rate discounting the future value of the job-worker match.The paper offers a workable, empirically grounded version of the model for the analysis of aggregate U.S. labor market dynamics.     

Vintage capital and the dynamics of the AK model

This paper analyzes the equilibrium dynamics of an AK-type endogenous growth model with vintage capital. The inclusion of vintage capital leads to oscillatory dynamics governed by replacement echoes, which additionally influence the intercept of the balanced growth path. These features, which are in sharp contrast to those from the standard AK model, can contribute to explaining the short-run deviations observed between investment and growth rates time series. To characterize the optimal solutions of the model we develop analytical and numerical methods that should be of interest for the general resolution of endogenous growth models with vintage capital.     

Openness and interest rates: An analysis using the MIUF model and transaction cost model of money

This paper discusses the manner in which the difference in the specification, which generates a demand for money by agents, alters the optimal interest rate in open economies by taking into account that the prices reflect the producers' optimization. In acanonical money-in-the-utility function (MIUF) model, the Friedman rule is optimal. On the other hand, in the transaction cost model, the optimal interest rate is positive and increases, in terms of the share of imports in consumption.     

Panel cointegration and the monetary exchange rate model

This paper re-examines the validity of the monetary exchange rate model during the post-Bretton Woods era for 18 OECD countries. Our analysis simultaneously considers the presence of both cross-sectional dependence and multiple structural breaks, which have not received much attention in previous studies of the monetary model. The empirical results indicate that the monetary model emerges only when the presence of structural breaks and cross-country dependence has been taken into account. Evidence is also provided suggesting that the breaks in the monetary model can be derived from the underlying purchasing power parity relation.     

Unstable and stable steady-states in the Kiyotaki-Wright model

Summary. I provide new results concerning dynamics for a version of the Kiyotaki-Wright model (1989) in which strategies (either mixed or pure) are restricted so that agents play the same strategy for each opportunity set. My results demonstrate the importance of examining stability in such models, because they show that many steady states focused on in the literature are not stable. Furthermore, I exhibit examples of two-period-convergent equilibria in which agents are indifferent among media of exchange. Consequently, their endogenous transaction pattern is analog to the coexistence of assets whose acceptability or “liquidity” varies inversely with their rates of return. Received: June 21, 1996; revised version: December 2, 1996     

Location decisions under uncertainty and the urban model

This letter uses a simple urban model to analyze the impact of random transportation costs on residential location decisions of households. It is shown that such uncertainty steepens the fall of land prices with distance from the CBD and can, in a specific example, cause an increase in optimal city size.     

Coevolution and stable adjustments in the cobweb model

The paper is concerned with genetic algorithm learning in a cobweb economy. Besides discussing several specification details in the genetic operators, the model includes four different types of firm forecasting rules and subjects the demand side to serially correlated random shocks. The main finding of the simulation experiments is that the genetic algorithm is a reasonably good approximation of the moving Walrasian equilibria, and that this process is characterized by the coevolution of different strategies. Accordingly, it is just the persistent heterogeneity of firms, and the persistently changing composition of this heterogeneity, that achieves stability. In this world, convergence is improved by weak, rather than strong, evolutionary pressure.     

Estimating and testing the compensated double-log demand model

In spite of the proliferation of flexible functional forms for consumer demand systems, the double-log demand model continues to be popular, especially in applied work calling for single-equation models. It is usually estimated in uncompensated form. It can also be estimated in compensated form, by deflating the income variable alone using Stone's price index. The compensated form has the same right-hand side as a single-equation version of the popular linear approximation to the Almost Ideal demand model, facilitating the construction of a test for choosing between the two alternatives. This paper demonstrates these results, develops the specification test, and illustrates its application using US meat consumption data. Simulations suggest that the test is well-behaved with good power in typical applications.     

Market size and TFP in the Melitz model

Trade theory in the Krugman tradition predicts a positive correlation between market size and countries' total factor productivity (TFP). However, in the data, there is no such correlation. Models with heterogeneous firms and selection can reconcile theory and empirics, when the degree of external economies of scale is lower than assumed in the standard CES case. Realistically, larger countries have an over‐proportionate share of firms. With export selection, these countries have more input varieties available, but they also have a lower average productivity of firms. Which of these effects dominates depends on the degree of external economies of scale.     

Learning,expectations, and the cobweb model

Conclusions The conclusions which may be drawn from this essay are modest, but they merit reiteration. There are two basic modifications of the simple cobweb model which appear to be useful. On the one hand, the learning-behavior hypothesis serves as a stabilizer. On the other, unilateral coupling provides a method of maintaining fluctuations in an otherwise stable model. When the two are combined, one obtains a modified cobweb which may be both a more useful empirical, and a more suggestive theoretical, model of individual markets. On these grounds, it seems reasonable to suggest that the cobweb may see thirty more years of useful service.With 6 Figures     

Forecasting exchange rates using panel model and model averaging

We propose to produce accurate point and interval forecasts of exchange rates by combining a number of well known fundamental based panel models. Combination of each model utilizes a set of weights computed using a linear mixture of experts's framework, where weights are determined by log scores assigned to each model's predictive performance. As well as model uncertainty, we take potential structural break in the parameters of the models into consideration. In our application, to quarterly data for ten currencies (including the Euro) for the period 1990q1–2008q4, we show that the forecasts from ensemble models produce mean and interval forecasts that outperform equal weight, and to a lesser extent random walk benchmark models. The gain from combining forecasts is particularly pronounced for longer-horizon forecasts for central forecasts, but much less so for interval forecasts. Calculations of the probability of the exchange rate rising or falling using the combined or ensemble model show a good correspondence with known events and potentially provide a useful measure for uncertainty of whether the exchange rate is likely to rise or fall.     

The Cournot-Bertrand model and the degree of product differentiation

We consider a duopoly model with a Cournot-type firm and a Bertrand-type firm. Both survive and the equilibrium is stable when there is sufficient product differentiation. With no differentiation, only the Cournot-type firm survives, and the outcome is perfectly competitive.     

Strategies in the principal-agent model

In this paper, we study the principal-agent problem. It is well known that in continuous-time, it is possible to prove the existence of an equilibrium $ (u^{*},S^{*})$ in a considerably general setting, and however little is known about the strategies themselves. Our goal is to present a universal way to construct these strategies as limiting strategies of a very simple type.     

Robustness of the market model

Summary The market model specifies that the random vector of returns on risky assets is an affine function of the return on the market portfolio plus a residual which has zero conditional expectation given the return on the market. The model is important because of its intimate relation to distributional two-fund separation and the CAPM equation. This paper shows that the market model is robust to small changes in the asset supplies only if the distribution of returns is spherically generated.