对医院全成本核算的探讨

在医院现有成本院、科两级核算的基础上,引入全成本核算思想,从医疗项目级别对医院工资成本、医疗消耗和管理费用等全部成本项目进行会计归集,并辅以相关的医院全成本核算的信息系统支持,从而达到降低医院运营成本,改善医院经营管理,提高服务效率和质量的目的。     

我国企业物流成本的核算方法研究

物流成本管理是企业获取竞争优势的关键因素．加强物流成本管理,采用正确的物流成本核算方法和建立科学合理的物流成本核算体系及核算标准对物流成本进行有效控制,是一种有效降低我国企业物流成本的低成本竞争战略。通过了解我国企业物流成本核算现状．比较分析传统的物流成本核算方法及缺陷,最后将作业成本法运用到物流成本核算中,为我国企业降低物流成本提供有力的理论依据。     

Measuring strategic environmental performance

It is now widely acknowledged that environmental issues will increasingly affect the performance of firms in western countries, both in the short and in the long run. Environmental issues can act on revenues and on costs. They can influence revenues when a firm follows a ‘green strategy’, i.e. it enhances the characteristics of environmental compatibility of its products or it promotes a credible image of a ‘green company’, that employs only clean technologies. They can influence costs as, on the one hand, more limiting environmental standards can result in higher manufacturing and non manufacturing costs and, on the other hand, programmes focused on improving environmental performances can result in less spoils and wastes, hence in lower costs. Hence, environmental performance should be a structured part of the management control system of an industrial firm. Unfortunately, it is not completely clear how accounting information can be structured in order to obtain this result. This paper is aimed at developing a set of information that can be used for a managerial control focused on the environmental performance of an industrial firm. This paper is organized in three main sections. Section I describes the conceptual requirements of a management control system based on accounting information for monitoring the environmental performance of an industrial firm (completeness, long term orientation, external orientation, measurability and cost). Section II analyses different classes of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI) used in practice. Both accounting measures (prevention costs and investments; operating environmental costs; contingent environmental liabilities) and non financial measures (physical indicators; compliance) are considered. Section III suggests an integrated approach to the design of a management control system focused on environmental issues, where different classes of indicators are used jointly. More specifically, two integrated systems, one mostly based on physical measures and aimed at external communication, the other focused on accounting measures and supporting managerial decision making, are suggested.     

企业的物流成本会计核算问题研究

物流成本越来越受企业所重视,企业物流成本管理随着经济的飞速发展越来越凸显着自身的重要性,理论界对其的探讨从来没有停止。近年来,西方各国学者和专家更是把作业成本法应用在企业物流成本的核算管理当中并获得了成功,从物流管理的转变和发展打破企业成本管理的枷锁,拓展企业的利润空间,提高企业的生产运营质量,增强企业的核心竞争力。本文在对企业物流成本理论分析的基础上,对物流成本的会计核算问题进行了研究,建议在企业原有的财务核算体系中,通过增设明细科目的方法,引入作业成本法来核算企业的物流成本。     

服务业成本的资源消耗会计核算方法及其应用

为满足现代服务业竞争优势提升的需要,相对准确、合理地计量其成本,提供服务业企业经营决策的有用成本信息是十分必要的。服务业成本对象的特殊性对常规的成本核算方法提出了挑战,引入资源消耗会计,将其与作业成本法和弹性边际成本法有机结合,能够更客观地描述服务业企业资源与成本对象之间的关系,达到准确、合理地计量服务成本,为服务业企业提供有用的经营决策信息的目的。     

Research on target costing: past,present and future

Although target costing is an extensively studied topic in the management accounting literature, a holistic investigation into its methodological development is missing. Therefore, an extensive state-of-the-art analysis is conducted that focuses on articles in highly rated journals. We determine nine distinct research streams that encompass further developments of the traditional target costing methodology. By grouping these streams into three research scopes, we outline the achieved progress as well as remaining tasks for further enhancements. Due to the abundance of these tasks, we align them with six future themes of management accounting that we identified as being particularly influential to target costing. As a result, six promising topics for researchers to advance target costing are determined. Additionally, our findings reveal to managers of which issues they should be particularly aware with respect to the performance of their target costing processes.     

论成本管理会计技术在政府的应用

成本会计技术是汇总、计算、分析和解释各种成本的方法,一般包括分批法和分步法、标准成本法和作业成本法等。在新公共管理背景下,政府更加强调成本和绩效,为政府借鉴企业成本会计技术提供了必要和可能,但由于政府的非营利性,应对其进行适当的调整。     

物流作业成本核算模型研究

通过对物流中心作业流程的标准化设计,基于作业成本法的思想,运用表格工具进行各项作业的成本参数设置,从而建立起物流作业成本核算模型。     

环境成本核算与应用问题研究

环境成本在会计核算方面主要涉及环境成本的确认依据和确认原则，以及环境成本的分配问题。环境成本可在费用效果分析、环境治理和资源综合利用以及构建企业战略开发和产品绿色流程等方面得到应用。我国企业在环境成本核算上尚缺乏规范，应用方面也存在局限，需要建立相关的会计规范，转变观念，构建环境成本控制系统和责任中心。     

基于组织间关系的信任与会计关系研究

组织间信任可以促进组织间各方的有效沟通,提高组织整体绩效。组织间信任是一个多维概念,它通过会计发挥作用。本文结合国内外研究现状,从会计信息质量、会计方法和会计作用等几个方面归纳探讨了会计与组织间信任的关系,最后得出结论它们并不是孤立存在,是相互作用共同发展的。     

ABC and Variability Accounting Differences and potential benefits of integration 1

Activity-Based Costing (ABC) started out as a vehicle for (i) improved product costing for use in pricing, switched later to (ii) profit priorities using hierarchies of cost assignment, and now focuses on (iii) accounting for capacity constraints situations.

Firstly, the paper demonstrates that the data requirements for these three different uses of ABC can be met by recording the following characteristics of resource utilization in a relational database: quantitative -non-monetary -utilization in the form of ‘type of production factor’, ‘organizational unit’ and the immediate ‘objective for the use of resources'; discharge horizon, absolute and relative divisibility of production factors employed; and assignment of costs to classification objects, observing principles of non-arbitrariness. These features are utilized in ‘Variability Accounting’.

Secondly, the paper argues that, in complying with these principles, the evaluation of improvements in cost-accounting systems is on much more solid ground than if system changes are evaluated in terms of the resulting conse-quences for full-cost product costs.

Based on these findings, the paper concludes that variability accounting can serve as a source of inspiration for constructors of ABC systems when the various versions are merged into an integrated cost system based on intercon-nected databases. It is also concluded that those variability accounting users with complex sales/distribution and production structures may find inspiration in ABC to identify areas in need of improved behaviour, although more research is required in this area.     

浅析作业成本法在企业成本控制中的应用

文章对作业成本法进行了全面的介绍,认为作业成本法是当前企业进行成本控制的有效方法,也是我国企业进行成本核算和成本管理的必然选择。     

环境管理会计理论与实务问题分析

环境管理会计作为管理会计创新的组成部分,其理论研究和实务在过去十年里得到迅速发展．本文对国际上解决常规管理会计中有关问题的EMA理论研究和实务现状进行了分析,回顾了国际上有关行业的EMA 案例,分析了其存在问题,探讨了环境管理会计在投资评估、成本计算以及绩效管理等方面的进一步工作．     

作业成本法在化工企业的实际应用

随着制造费用越来越复杂,其在产品中的比重也在不断增加。传统成本核算,采用按生产工时统一标准分摊制造费用的方法也逐渐显示出不足。而作业成本法以其自身的优势,解决了传统成本核算方法的不足。通过确定作业中心,分析各项费用发生的成本动因,建立作业成本库,计算产品的作业成本,明确地进行制造费用的分配,也更加准确地确定了产品的作业成本。     

Environmental management accounting: roadblocks on the way to the green and pleasant land

Environmental management accounting (EMA) is concerned with the accounting information needs of managers in relation to corporate activities that affect the environment as well as environment‐related impacts on the corporation. It is an area of practice and research that has developed rapidly in the last ten years. This paper briefly considers some of the main conceptual and practical problems encountered in environmental management accounting and challenges and opportunities for the future. It concludes with a call for further case based research studies into investment appraisal, costing and performance management aspects of environmental management accounting. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Cost Accounting for War: Contracting Procedures and Cost-plus Pricing in WWI Industrial Mobilization in Italy

The aim of this paper is to explore the role played by cost accounting in Italy's Industrial Mobilization system and in the largest firm manufacturing weaponry, Ansaldo of Genoa, during WWI. While in other countries such as the UK and the USA, efficiency in buying and managing war material was an important part of military strategy, in Italy, various factors impeded it. This paper focuses on contracting procedures adopted by the Ministry of War and Ministry of Munitions and looks at the cost accounting practices in Ansaldo to see how costs were determined and how prices were set. We found a paradox. On the one hand, despite knowledge of costing, the government did not impose cost controls on the producers of war material, nor on their profit rates. On the other hand, examining Ansaldo's cost sheets we discover they underestimated their production costs leading the firm to losses despite its favorable political position. This paper contributes to the theoretical debate about the relationships between accounting and war in the Italian context where lobbying, collusion, bribery and private interests dominated the administrative behavior of public and private actors instead of efficiency, accountability and honesty.     

作业成本法与公路施工项目成本管理

公路施工企业的间接费用、管理费用等在总成本中的比重日益提高,传统的成本控制方法面临挑战,公路施工企业不得不考虑将作业成本法引入公路施工项目管理,论文从分析公路施工项目成本和管理的特征出发,阐述公路施工项目应用作业成本法可行性,分析公路施工项目运营作业成本法的条件,以及运用作业成本法潜在效果。     

成本管理新模式——Kaizen成本制度

Kaizen成本制度是日本的Kaizen企业文化在成本管理上的具体体现。本文对Kaizen成本制度的涵义、主要特点、基本步骤、目标确定和业绩评价进行了系统的介绍,对半生命周期模型在成本改进中的运用进行了探讨,分析比较了Kaizen成本制度与标准成本管理、成本企画之间的关系,并就这种成本制度实施过程中可能遇到的适用范围、组织文化等问题进行了讨论。     

司法场域中的会计功能与应用

司法会计是通过特定人员运用会计技术来实现会计监督功能,从而为案件性质的确认以及刑事责任的划分提供技术保障。司法会计的主要应用方式体现为司法会计检查活动和司法会计鉴定活动两种类型,包括侦查阶段、审查起诉阶段及审判阶段的司法会计等层面。本文认为,应严格规范司法会计专业人员资格,加强司法会计工作管理和监督,制定司法会计的诉讼活动准则,以保障司法会计活动依法进行。