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1.
Productivity and efficiency of state-owned enterprises in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Feng-Cheng Fu Chu-Ping C. Vijverberg Yong-Sheng Chen 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,29(3):249-259
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the variations in SOE efficiency and productivity from the perspectives of macroeconomic
fluctuations and systematic reform in China during 1986–2003. We use Data Envelopment Analysis to measure SOE efficiency.
Subsequently, we use the Malmquist Index of Productivity change to measure productivity growth. The empirical results show
that SOE efficiency and productivity exhibited obvious improvements during periods of strong systematic reform and a prosperous
economy. The systematic reform after 1998 had a clear-cut impact on SOE performance.
相似文献
Chu-Ping C. VijverbergEmail: |
2.
Opening the black box: Finding the source of cost inefficiency 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Santiago Carbó Valverde David B. Humphrey Rafael López del Paso 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(3):209-220
Parametric and nonparametric procedures are used to identify the apparent source of cost inefficiency in banking. Inefficiencies
of 20–25% from earlier studies are reduced to 1–5% when, in addition to commonly specified cost function influences, variables
reflecting banks’ external business environment and industry indicators of “productivity” are added. These productivity indicators
explain most of the reduction in bank operating cost over 1992–2001 and was 5 times the reduction in the dispersion of inefficiency.
Inefficiency appears stable over time because it is small relative to industry-wide cost changes occurring concurrently and
because technology dispersion is imperfect.
相似文献
David B. HumphreyEmail: |
3.
The paper contributes to the explanation of the large differences in cross-country productivity performance by modelling and
testing the effects of social barriers to communication on productivity and capital accumulation. In an optimal growth model,
social barriers to communication, which impede the formation of knowledge connections, are shown to reduce both transitory
and steady-state levels of total factor productivity (TFP), per capita consumption and reproducible capital. Empirical testing
yields a robust and theoretically consistent result: linguistic barriers to communication reduce productivity and capital
accumulation. The findings provide an explanation for cross-country differences in TFP, and fresh insights into how productivity
‘catch up’ may be initiated.
相似文献
P. Dorian OwenEmail: |
4.
Sources of profit change for Telstra, Australia’s largest telecommunications firm, are examined. A new method allows for changes, in a firm’s profits to be broken down into separate effects due to productivity change, price changes, and growth in the firm’s size. This in turn allows us to calculate the distribution of the benefits of productivity improvements between consumers, labor, and shareholders. The results show that around half the benefits from Telstra’s productivity improvements from 1984 to 1994 were passed on to consumers in the form of real price reductions.
相似文献
Kevin J. FoxEmail: |
5.
This study measures productivity growth on Irish dairy farms over the period 1984–2000. A total factor productivity index
is constructed for the dairy system and is decomposed into technical change, efficiency change, and changes in scale efficiency.
This is achieved by estimating a stochastic output distance function model of the production technology in use on Irish dairy
farms. Overall, productivity on Irish dairy farms grew by 1.2% per annum over the sample period.
相似文献
Alan Matthews (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
This paper examines the impact of R&D on multifactor productivity in the U.S. agricultural sector over the 1910–1990 period.
We use the Bennet–Bowley indicator to measure agricultural productivity based on a multiple output-multiple input technology.
We demonstrate the relationship between the price dependent Bennet–Bowley indicator and the Luenberger productivity indicator
which is constructed from directional distance functions without requiring price information. These performance measures are
dual to the profit function which arguably makes them especially useful in the agricultural setting. We employ time-series
techniques to investigate the effect of R&D on the pattern of productivity growth. We find that we cannot reject the presence
of a cointegrating relationship between the two series and that productivity growth in the U.S. agriculture responds positively
to R&D expenditure with a lag of between four and ten periods.
相似文献
D. MargaritisEmail: |
7.
This paper considers the measurement of performance in public service provision in an international context by examining outcome-based
measures for the education sector. It first sets out the measurement issues in general terms. The paper then applies these
methods to comparing the UK experience with that in the US over the period 1979–2002. The results show higher labour productivity
growth in the UK education sector than in the US over this time period, so that the UK eliminated the productivity gap with
the US by the end of the Century.
相似文献
Mary O’MahonyEmail: |
8.
In this paper we argue that the standard approach for measuring output and productivity in the trade sector has become obsolete.
The key problem is that changes in prices of goods purchased for resale are not accounted for. We outline a consistent accounting
framework for measuring trade productivity and provide new estimates, taking into account purchase prices of goods sold in
a double deflation procedure. We find strong productivity improvements in the UK and US compared to France, Germany and The
Netherlands since the mid-1990s. This finding is robust for various productivity measurement models.
相似文献
Marcel P. TimmerEmail: |
9.
Jens Müller 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(2):99-106
We present and discuss measures for analyzing productivity in deterministic frontier models. A new efficiency measure is introduced
allowing for discrimination among efficient organizational units. In addition, a new performance measure for analyzing productivity of organizational units is presented. This measure fulfills various properties of efficiency measures
but relaxes the indicator property. Both new approaches are based on the development of efficiency vectors which is a new vector measure for measuring efficiency. The vector components are efficiency measures related to subsets
of a production possibility set. The new approaches are applied in the context of data envelopment analysis.
相似文献
Jens MüllerEmail: |
10.
Thijs ten Raa 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(3):191-199
Debreu’s coefficient of resource utilization is freed from individual data requirements. The procedure is shown to be equivalent
to the imposition of Leontief preferences. The rate of growth of the modified Debreu coefficient and the Solow residual are
shown to add up to TFP growth. This decomposition is the neoclassical counterpart to the frontier analytic decomposition of
productivity growth into technical change and efficiency change. The terms can now be broken down by sector as well as by
factor input.
相似文献
Thijs ten RaaEmail: |
11.
Isabel M. Correia Orlando Petiz 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2007,3(2):145-157
This paper aims to assess if geographic proximity from universities enhances small firms’ performance, by means of knowledge
spillovers. A sample of micro data is used on 390 manufacturing firms and 11 public universities in Portugal. Performance
is measured by labour productivity. The estimation was made using OLS as well as Quantile Regression. Results seem to confirm
that both domains of knowledge do produce distinct effects, but there is no evidence that a firm’s performance improves with
the proximity to a university. Likewise, the quality of universities does not seem to influence the labour productivity of
firms.
相似文献
Orlando PetizEmail: |
12.
The effects of match uncertainty and bargaining on labor market outcomes: evidence from firm and worker specific estimates 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this paper we examine wage dispersion in labor markets across currently employed workers. We argue that differences in
the potential productivity of a match (typically assumed to be known in the previous literature) generates a surplus between
the minimum wage the worker is willing to accept and the maximum wage the firm is willing to offer for the job. Existence
of this surplus leads to wage dispersion due to negotiating over the amounts extracted by each agent. Our objective is to
estimate the surplus extracted by each firm-worker pair and the effect of the net extracted surplus on the wage, for each
firm-worker pair using the two-tier stochastic frontier model. An empirical application finds that, on average, firms paid
workers less than their expected productivity. More specifically, at the mean, the net effect of productivity uncertainty
leads to equilibrium wages which are 3.33% below the expected productivity of matches.
相似文献
Christopher F. ParmeterEmail: |
13.
Decompositions of total factor productivity (TFP) shed light on the driving factors behind productivity change. We develop
the first exact decomposition of the Fisher ideal TFP index which contains no debatable mixed-period components or residuals.
We systematically isolate five effects of (1) technical change, (2) technical efficiency, (3) scale efficiency, (4) allocative
efficiency, and (5) price effect. The three efficiency components (2–4) represent the efficiency of achieving a given target
point. Components (1) and (5) capture the changes of the target point. While the technical change component is well-established,
changes in the relative input–output prices can have real effects on the scale and scope of the target. Such changes are captured
by the new price effect component (5). The new decomposition is compared with existing decompositions both in theory and by
means of an empirical application to a panel data of 459 Finnish farms in years 1992–2000.
相似文献
Timo KuosmanenEmail: |
14.
Internal and external restructuring over the cycle: a firm-based analysis of gross flows and productivity growth in Portugal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper discusses the role played by internal restructuring vis-à-vis external restructuring in industry productivity growth,
arguing that the contribution of these two components is expected to be sensitive to the economic cycle. The study describes
gross flows (job and output) over a period of one decade, and analyses the productivity differential among continuing, entering
and exiting firms in the Portuguese manufacturing sector. The results of the decomposition of industry productivity growth
suggest that the share of external restructuring is stronger in recession, while internal restructuring seems to be predominant
in expansion. The strong and positive contribution of the net entry effect, in 1991–1994, was not followed by any between
and cross effects of equivalent magnitude in the 1994–1997 sub-period. The within effect is, as expected, stronger when output
growth is at its peak, but in no case large enough to turn productivity growth procyclical.
相似文献
Carlos CarreiraEmail: |
15.
Abstract This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between the stringency of environmental regulation and total
factor productivity (TFP) growth in the Quebec manufacturing sector. This allows us to investigate more fully the Porter hypothesis
in three directions. First, the dynamic aspect of the hypothesis is captured through the use of lagged regulatory variables.
Second, we argue that the hypothesis is more relevant for more polluting sectors. Third, we argue that the hypothesis is more
relevant for sectors which are more exposed to international competition. Our empirical results suggest that: (1) the contemporaneous
impact of environmental regulation on productivity is negative; (2) the opposite result is observed with lagged regulatory
variables, which is consistent with Michel Porter’s conjecture; and (3) this effect is stronger in a subgroup of industries
which are more exposed to international competition.
相似文献
Paul LanoieEmail: |
16.
Erwin Diewert 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,32(1):1-19
The paper considers how to measure capital in a model where technical progress is embodied in new units of capital. This embodiment
model also assumes that once new units of capital are installed, it cannot be “unbolted” and sold on the second hand market.
A significant difference between this Solow–Harper model and the traditional capital services model due to Jorgenson and his
coworkers is that rising real wage rates will generally induce early retirement of assets; i.e., this model can provide an
explanation for obsolescence. The paper studies how to aggregate over vintages and how to measure depreciation in the context
of this embodiment model. These problems are more complicated than the corresponding problems in the traditional capital services
model because the age of retirement of an asset is endogenous in the embodiment model. The paper uses duality theory to simplify
the exposition.
相似文献
Erwin DiewertEmail: |
17.
Dag Fjeld Edvardsen Finn R. Førsund Sverre A. C. Kittelsen 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,29(3):201-210
A method is presented for classifying strongly efficient units in DEA as interior or exterior, and as self-evaluators or active
peers. The exterior strongly efficient units are found by running the enveloping procedure “from below”. There is no firm
production-function evidence of the efficiency of exterior self-evaluators. Interior self-evaluators are more likely to have
active peers as neighbours in more directions and may therefore represent technology. When performing a second stage regression
analysis of efficiency scores, exterior self-evaluators should be removed. The proportion of exterior active peers also provides
information on whether the variable specification is supported by the data.
相似文献
Sverre A. C. KittelsenEmail: |
18.
N. R. Vasudeva Murthy 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2009,33(2):176-188
In this paper, the recently developed panel unit root and the Pedroni cointegration tests are applied to empirically examine
the validity of the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle (F–H puzzle) for a heterogeneous panel of 14 Latin American and five Caribbean
countries over the period, 1960–2002. The findings indicate that in these countries, the long-run solvency condition is maintained.
Finally, employing the Pedroni panel group FM-OLS estimator (2000, 2001), it is found that the statistically significant estimated
savings-retention coefficient for the panel is relatively small indicating that the F–H Puzzle is not valid and thus implying
the prevalence of a moderate degree of capital mobility.
相似文献
N. R. Vasudeva MurthyEmail: |
19.
Laurent Weill 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,29(2):79-89
This paper aims at comparing macroeconomic performance of three European socialist economies (Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia)
with developing and developed countries during the 1970s and the 1980s. Using panel data for 89 countries, we measure macroeconomic
performance with two panel data production frontier models: the WITHIN model proposed by (Cornwell et al J Econom 46:185–200,
1990), and the firm effects model developed by (Battese and Coelli J Prod Anal 3:153–169, 1992). We conclude in favor of the
underperformance of socialist countries in relation to developed countries but also to developing countries in most cases,
which may be explained by the features of the socialist economic system.
相似文献
Laurent WeillEmail: |
20.
In this study we examine regional data on per worker GDP, disaggregated at sectoral level, by focusing our interest on the
role of differences in the sectoral composition of activities, and in productivity gaps that are uniform across sectors, in
explaining the catching-up process, which is realized through physical and human capital as well as technological knowledge
accumulation. Our objective is to investigate how much of the interregional inequality in aggregate productivity per worker
is imputable to each component. A methodology for identifying and analyzing sources of inequality from a decomposed perspective
is developed in the growth framework by combining a shift-share based technique and a SUR model specification for the conditional-convergence
analysis. The proposed approach is employed to analyze aggregate interregional inequality of per worker productivity levels
in Italy over the period 1970–2000. With respect to the existing empirical results, our approach provides a more comprehensive
and detailed examination of the contribution of each identified component in explaining the regional productivity gaps in
Italy. It is argued that region-specific productivity differentials, uniform across sectors, explain a quite large share of
differences in productivity per worker. However, sectoral composition plays a non negligible role, although decreasing since
the end of 1980s, and very different productivity patterns emerge within geographical areas.
相似文献
Silvia BertarelliEmail: |