增强自主创新能力 打造贸易强国

近几年,我国对外贸易保持了高速发展的态势,但随着进出口额的不断增长,粗放型的贸易增长方式严重制约了我国对外贸易的进一步发展,因此,探究如何转变我国对外贸易增长方式,使我国成为贸易强国具有理论意义与现实意义。文章认为增强自主创新能力是实现我国对外贸易可持续发展的重要途径。从我国目前对外贸易现状、自主创新的长短期效应进行分析,提出自主创新层次模型,从企业层面,企业战略联盟层面以及国家政策导向层面提出政策建议,以期通过增强自主创新能力,使我国成为贸易强国。     

关于转变贸易增长方式 实现外经贸可持续发展的几点思考

2O05年我国对外贸易达1．42万亿美元。列世界货物贸易第三位。成为世界贸易大国，但离贸易强国还有较大差距。本文以新疆为主要分析对象，就外经贸发展进入历史新阶段、“十一五”期间对外贸易面临的机遇与挑战、转变贸易增长方式，实现可持续发展几方面展开论述，提出对策建议。[编者按]     

中国由贸易大国向贸易强国转变过程中的问题及对策

随着我国社会经济的迅速发展，我国各行各业都得到了不同程度的发展，特别是我国外贸取得了辉煌的成绩，进出口总额已经名列前茅。虽然我国已经是名副其实的贸易大国，但是我国距离贸易强国还是存在一定的距离，因此，如何从贸易大国转变成为贸易强国已经是一个十分受关注的话题。本文将对贸易强国的标志、中国对外贸易现状分析、我国与贸易强国的差距以及我国由贸易大国向贸易强国转变的有效对策进行研究。     

我国成为贸易强国之思路

随着经济全球化的迅猛发展,我国进出口贸易取得世人瞩目的成就,2004年我国对外贸易总额升至世界第3位,已成为贸易大国。本文通过分析目前我国与世界贸易强国的差距,提出提高我国对外贸易竞争力、实现贸易强国的思路。     

技术贸易是贸易强国的重要组成部分

我国是对外经济贸易数量的大国,却不是对外贸易强国。我国贸易强国的建设应以大力推进科技兴贸战略,进一步加强技术自主创新能力,促进高新技术产品出口为主,加快外经贸增长方式的转变,实现从贸易大国向贸易强国的跨越。     

中国贸易强国之路——自主创新

2004年中国的进出口贸易总额高达11547．4亿美元，超过日本一跃成为世界第三贸易大国。对外贸易额平均每年以超过15％的速度增长。2007年中国进出口总额更是达到了21728亿美元，比上年增长23．5％，跃居世界第二位。但是我国贸易大国地位却蕴藏着脆弱的基础，例如出口商品结构不合理，产品竞争力不强；服务贸易发展滞后，比重偏低；出口商品缺乏具有自主知识产权的知名品牌和核心技术等等。我国是贸易大国的同时又是贸易弱国。我国提出要在2020年以前发展成为世界贸易强国的目标。文章提出了中国贸易强国之路，即自主创新。     

贸易与财富和知识共增辉——走向贸易强国的思考

一、世界贸易强国的基本内涵及量化模型 （一）世界贸易强国的基本内涵 世界贸易强国是一个内涵丰富、层次多样、类型多元的国家贸易竞争概念，它包括四个层次的强势国家对外贸易实力：国家对外贸易总量在国际市场上占据主导地位；国家的产业经济全球化和贸易科技含量与世界其它贸易强国同步；区域经济、金融与贸易一体化的引领者和组织者；贸易强国与富国互动共进。我国进入世界贸易强国行列应用8条标准，供研究参考。     

贸易大国迈向贸易强国——基于我国外贸发展背景与现实的分析

从贸易大国向贸易强国转变是我国新时期贸易发展的宏伟战略目标。改革开放以来,我国对外贸易不仅在总量上取得了举世瞩目的成绩,成为名符其实的贸易大国,而且贸易结构日益优化,贸易效益逐步增长。但技术水平低、自主品牌少、环境污染严重等问题制约了我国对外贸易的进一步发展。因此,从新的角度来审视我国从贸易大国向贸易强国转变问题具有非常积极的意义。     

贸易大国迈向贸易强——基于我国外贸发展背景与现实的分析

从贸易大国向贸易强国转变是我国新时期贸易发展的宏伟战略目标.改革开放以来,我国对外贸易不仅在总量上取得了举世瞩目的成绩,成为名符其实的贸易大国,而且贸易结构日益优化,贸易效益逐步增长.但技术水平低、自主品牌少、环境污染严重等问题制约了我国对外贸易的进一步发展.因此,从新的角度来审视我国从贸易大国向贸易强国转变问题具有非常积极的意义.     

浅析中国由贸易大国向贸易强国的转变

改革开放以后,我国的对外贸易迎来了飞速发展的时代,2012年出口总额居世界各国首位。毫无疑问我国是一个对外贸易大国,但是距贸易强国还有很长的路要走。本文通过对中国对外贸易现状的分析,来探寻由贸易大国向贸易强国转型的道路。     

To Be a Good player in Latin America

Maybe it was from the 2002 FIFA World Cup that most Chinese became familiar with Costa Rica,a Central American country. At that game,China football team was listed in the FIFA final for the first time and met Costa Rica in the first round. The two national teams had to defeat on each other to get a win or lose in that small football field,but now,both nations     

Towards a theory of trade finance

Shipping goods internationally is risky and takes time. To allocate risk and to finance the time gap between production and sale, a range of payment contracts is utilized. I study the optimal choice between these payment contracts and their implications for trade. The equilibrium contract is determined by financial market characteristics and contracting environments in both the source and the destination country. Trade increases in enforcement probabilities and decreases in financing costs proportional to the time needed for trade. Empirical results from gravity regressions are in line with the model, highly significant and economically relevant. They suggest that importer finance is as important for trade as exporter finance.     

Fair trade and global cognitive orientation: a focus on Spanish fair trade consumers

In the past few years, there has been an increase in the ‘ethical consumer’, characterized by more reflexive values like solidarity, social responsibility, multiculturalism and ecology. This idea has found support in the appearance and development of proposals like fair trade, along with others, such as responsible consumption, the recycling business or sustainable development. In a parallel way, also during the past few years, various analysts have pointed out that the phenomenon of globalization is changing not only the aspect of the world but also our way of perceiving it, which is progressively becoming a ‘global orientation’. In the framework of these two tendencies, this paper examines the extent to which ‘global orientation’ is also a characteristic of consumers of fair trade products. The paper presents a two‐phase exploratory study. The first phase, of a quantitative nature, showed the greater global orientation of Spanish consumers of fair trade products, and it obtained a typology of them. This typology showed, however, that not all the clusters of consumers of fair trade products have a high global orientation, which reveals that the relationship between this dimension and the consumption of fair trade products is not a direct, straightforward one. The subsequent qualitative study examined the components of this global orientation in each of the three clusters where the consumption of fair trade products was the highest. The results showed that the purchase of fair trade products is influenced by the ‘global orientation’ of the consumer, although other factors, such as a sense of social responsibility and trust in international non‐governmental organizations, can condition this influence.     

Chances for a pacific free trade area

The establishment of the EEC was a major event of the 1960s. It has had a significant impact on international trade and investment and has wrought a profound change in the world balance of economic power. The emergence of the enlarged EEC and the implementation of a Pacific Free Trade Area (PAFTA) could have a more profound influence in shaping the world of the 1970s.     

Aid for trade as a public good

Aid for trade (A4T) can be classified as a public good. In the case of more than two donors, independent bilateral provision of A4T must be insufficient. This article suggests that international organisations can be a solution to insufficient A4T. However, those international organisations must adopt new methods of coordinating donors and recipients as well as a cost-sharing rule based on the share of benefit can help.     

Urgency of trade reform over trade liberalisation

The GATT system has in recent years revealed a number of dangerous weaknesses. Therefore there is reason for concern not only with the further liberalisation of trade within the accepted framework of GATT rules but with a reform of the rules as well.