浅析资产证券化的缺陷以及我国推行资产证券化的问题与对策

<正>资产证券化,是指发起人将缺乏流动性但能在未来产生可预见的稳定现金流的资产或资产集合出售给特设信托机构(Special Purpose Vehicle,SPV),尤其通过一定的结构安排,分离和重组资产的收益和风险并增强资产的信用,转化成由资产产生的现金流担保的可自由流通的证券,销售给金融市场上的投资者[1]。     

电力资产证券化探析

一、引言 资产证券化（Asset Securitization）是指将缺乏流动性，但能够产生可预见现金流入的金融资产转换成在资本市场上可出售和流通的有价证券的过程。其实质是融资者将被证券化的资产的未来现金收益权转让给投资者，而资产的所有权则不一定转让。通常的运作程序是将投资回收期长，流动性差。但能在未来产生稳定投资收益（即未来现金流）的资产进行结构性重组，形成“资产池”，将其未来现金流入作为一项债权资产，以真实出售的方式转让给一个特殊目的公司（SPV），特殊目的公司再聘请担保机构对证券化资产进行信用增级，由信用评估机构对信用等级进行评级，以提高资产的质量，然后委托投资银行向证券市场发行。最后，SPV以获得的发行收入支付给出售证券化资产的原始权益人和相关中介机构。     

开拓信贷资产证券化的重要意义

信贷资产证券化是指将一组流动性较差的资产经过一定的组合，使这组资产能产生可预计且稳定的现金流收益，再通过一定的中介机构的信用加强，把这些资产的收益权转变为可在金融市场上流动的、信用等级较高的债券型证券的过程。其实质是融资者将被证券化的资产的未来现金收益权和相应的风险转让给投资者，而资产的所有权则不一定完全转让。     

美欧证券化资产风险留存及对中国的启示

资产证券化于20世纪70年代起源于美国,一般是指将缺乏流动性但能够产生稳定现金流的一部分资产,打包建立一个资产池,转让给特殊目的载体(Special Purpose Vehicle,SPV),由其通过一定的结构安排,分离和重组资产的收益和风险,并增强资产的信用,     

我国资产证券化融资模式的立法选择

资产证券化是美国等发达国家较为流行的金融创新制度之一，目前，对于资产证券化还没有一个明确的定义，美国证券管理委员会对资产证券化的界定是：“创立主要由一组不连续的应收款或其他资产组合产生的现金流支持的证券，它可以为固定的或循环的，并可根据条款在一定的时期内变现，同时附加其他一些权利或资产来保证上述支持或按时间向持券人分配收益。     

我国专利证券化的机遇和风险

专利证券化（Patent Securitization）,是指发起机构把专利将来可能产生的现金流剥离于企业之外作为基础资产,转移给特殊目的机构（Special PurposeVehicle,SPV）,再由该特殊目的机构通过重新包装、信用评级以及信用增强等手段分离与重组基础资产中的风险和收益因素,并向投资者发行以该基础资产为担保的可流通权利凭证,借以为发起机构融资的金融操作过程。专利证券化是资产证券化在专利领域的延伸,它代表着资产证券化的基础资产由实物资本转向了知识资本,是金融证券领域的重要创新。     

银行住房贷款资产的信托化运作

资产证券化是始发行机构以非抵押的自存收益性资产出售或转让给发行机构,发行机构将同质性收益性资产现金流进行组合和打包,使其转化为可进行市场流通的证券形式,然后通过必要的金融中介机构推销给各方面投资者的过程或趋势.     

推进高新技术产业知识产权资产证券化进程

一、知识产权资产证券化意义及操作流程原理1.知识产权证券化促进高新技术价值转化。资产证券化(Asset Securitization)是指金融机构和商业企业将其缺乏流动性、但能在未来产生可预见现金流收入的资产加以组合,然后发行成证券出售给相关投资     

浅析我国资产支持票据

<正>资产支持票据,是一种债务融资工具,该票据由特定资产所产生的可预测现金流作为还款支持,并约定在一定期限内还本付息。资产支持票据通常由大型企业、金融机构或多个中小企业把自身拥有的、将来能够生成稳定现金流的资产出售给受托机构,由受托机构将这些资产作为支持基础发行商业票据,并向投资者出售以换     

建立政府主导型的中国资产证券化市场

资产证券化就是把缺乏流动性、但具有预期未来稳定现金流的资产汇集起来，形成一个资产池，通过结构性重组，将其转变为可以在金融市场上出售和流通的证券，据以融资的过程。证券化的实质是融资者将证券化的金融资产的未来现金流收益权转让给投资者，而金融资产的所有权可以转让，也可以不转让。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.