Proactive Continue,More Weight on Tax Reduction

In battling against the current global economic crisis, fiscal and taxation policies, as the most important means to intervene the economy, has been the major approach for the governments throughout the wodd to offset impact of the crisis, China, as the economy with the fastest growth, has received much attention, and China＇s fiscal and taxation policies which contributed much to the strong economic recovery, in partieular, is the very concern of the public.     

税收与GDP的模型分析及税收政策趋向

1996年以来我国的税收收入增长过快,不利于积极财政政策作用的发挥。税收增长过快已经制约 了GDP的增长,减税应当成为我国下一阶段主要财政政策。减税已是当今各国的政策趋势,也是促进我 国经济发展的良策,减税有利于市场经济的发展。     

欧盟国家低碳经济发展的经验及其启示

本文从低碳经济发展战略制定与低碳立法、财政税收、低碳技术研发、新能源等方面探讨了欧盟国家在低碳经济发展中的主要政策措施。我国在发展低碳经济方面面临着产业结构重型化、能耗高与技术水平低下等困难,需要在吸收国际经验的基础上,结合我国的特征制定适合我国国情的低碳经济战略规划,通过构建法律框架、建立财政税收体系、开发低碳技术、提高能源使用效率、树立低碳消费观念,共同推动我国碳排放的降低和经济发展模式的转换。     

体制性约束、双重失衡与政策权衡——全球金融危机挑战与中国的财政政策选择

在中国经济发展总量得到实质性提高的今天,重新实施积极财政政策,其着眼点不仅在于应对这次全球金融危机对中国带来的冲击,更重要的是利用这次契机化解中国经济发展长期存在的体制性约束,转变中国经济增长方式,实现经济的稳定和可持续增长。财政政策也因此面临着如何权衡缓解经济危机冲击和实现经济长期稳定发展的问题。从中国财政政策实践来看,单纯的反周期调节可以拉动经济走出低迷,却无力恢复经济的自主增长动力,应对当前中国经济出现的长期内部失衡更需要财政政策着眼于整个改革过程和整个经济结构。本文基于金融危机背景下中国面临双重失衡的判断,提出了中国经济发展内外失衡的概念,并探讨了两种失衡条件下财政政策的运行原理,同时以转轨背景下中国所面临的体制性约束为限制条件,考察了财政政策困境的现实根源,并给出了财政政策权衡的政策涵义。     

石油行业税负政策的国际比较与借鉴

本文以石油行业财税政策的理论研究为基础,对国内外大型石油企业的税负进行对比。结果表明,我国石油企业税收负担相对繁重,如何改善国内税收状况已成为理论界与实务界共同关注的热点。在剖析我国石油财税政策存在的问题及原因的基础上,借鉴、参照以美国为代表的国际成熟石油税收体系,提出一些政策性建议,并探索我国石油财税政策的改革之路。     

THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN A MODEL OF GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION À LA PASINETTI: EXISTENCE OF ONE‐ OR TWO‐CLASS ECONOMIES

This paper explores the implications of different regimes of taxation and fiscal policies on the existence of a one‐ or two‐class economy in the Kaldor–Pasinetti approach of growth and income distribution. A simple model and its diagrammatical representation provide a complete taxonomy of the possible steady state equilibria and synthesize some early and recent contributions. It shows that the distribution among factors and the personal distribution among socio‐economic classes depend on the fiscal policy of the government, the behavioural parameters of actors and technology; but, provided that some conditions are fulfilled, the Cambridge Theorem and its distributional implications hold.     

从财税政策角度分析中小企业融资难的问题

中小企业对国民经济和社会发展具有重要的战略意义。受金融危机影响,中小企业融资难严重制约其发展。目前,中小企业融资现状为企业税费负担加重、资金来源渠道狭窄、融资成本相对较高和信用担保体系不完善等。现行财政政策对中小企业融资主要存在财政扶持机制运作不畅、税收政策优惠力度不够、政府采购倾斜力度小及税收政策激励性不足等约束。有效解决中小企业融资难困境,政府应发挥采购的引导作用,加大财政扶持投入和结构性减税力度,完善担保机构风险补偿机制。     

Central banking after the Latin American debt crisis

Stabilization and structural reform that has characterized Latin America as of late is based upon an increasing adherence to sound fiscal and monetary policies. The economic deprivation brought on by the debt crisis has served as a powerful impetus behind these developments. The macroeconomic policies leading up to the crisis have been put aside in favor of a legal framework of transparent budgetary practices and an independent central bank. Fraga's article analyzes the recent evolution of the central banks in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela.     

美国制造业重振与中国的应对策略

祸起于虚拟经济的2008年金融海啸给美国实体经济带来毁灭性的破坏，出于全球经济格局衍变和解决国内现实问题的需要，美国制定和实施了一系列重振制造业的政策，并且取得了较好的效果。我国应在借鉴主要发达国家应对美国重振制造业的经验的基础上，结合本国的实际情况从制造业规划制定、转变经济发展方式、人才培育、税收和融资、竞争方向、国际规则利用等方面采取措施积极应对。     

Austerity in the Baltic states during the global financial crisis

The Baltic states were arguably the countries most severely affected by the global financial crisis. This article discusses the boom preceding the crisis, the ensuing austerity policies and the economic effects of these policies. All three countries maintained fixed exchange rates, but the degree of fiscal austerity varied across the countries, with Estonia undertaking the strongest fiscal consolidation in 2009. The downturn was so swift and deep that expansionary policies were unlikely to affect short-term outcomes. Growth returned towards the end of 2009, largely driven by exports. The export performance cannot be directly linked to the austerity policies. The main lesson from the Baltics is that increased macroeconomic stability must be attained by avoiding overheating and unsustainable financial exposure. The challenge for the future is to ensure that austerity policies are implemented during economic booms.     

推进我国现代服务业集聚功能园区发展的财税政策选择

我国现代服务业存在发展规模小,发展水平落后,结构不合理,支撑体系不完整等问题。从财税政策的角度看,选取功能园区试点,加大对服务业集聚功能园区财政投入;加大市场基础设施建设投入,明确支持重点,调整财政投入结构;用服务业引导资金弥补服务业领域的"市场失灵",建立多元化投资的风险投资机制;完善税收优惠政策,选准税收优惠政策支持的切入点;推动服务业增值税转型改革,促进我国服务业风险投资的发展;完善促进产、学、研联合和科研机构转制企业专项税收优惠政策,改进企业所得税相关的折旧政策和费用列支政策,并实行投资抵免制度等扶持现代服务业集聚功能园区的发展。     

Four Long-Term Fiscal Realities

The United States faces a long-run fiscal imbalance because of rapid projected growth in Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid spending. The policy response to the imbalance will be shaped by four long-term fiscal realities. First, revenue will rise as a share of GDP. Second, entitlement spending will be reduced, relative to current policies. Third, the middle class, broadly defined, will bear much of the burden of addressing the fiscal imbalance. Fourth, consumption taxation is likely to become a significant part of the federal tax system, probably through the partial replacement of the income tax by a value added tax.     

中外应对全球金融危机的政策比较

全球金融危机对世界各国经济造成了严重的负面影响,主要国家纷纷出台针对性的政策措施以应对。文章对比分析了美、日、英等发达国家和中国的政策措施,归纳出中国政策措施的特点,并提出了中国进一步应对全球金融危机的政策建议。     

Unconventional economic policies and sentiment: An international assessment

This paper estimates, using Bayesian and global VARs, the spillover effects of unconventional fiscal and monetary policies implemented in the United States and in the Eurozone during the last decade. Consumer confidence and investor sentiment indicators are introduced in the models in order to highlight the signalling channel in the responses to economic policy innovations in times of crisis. Our results reveal that consumer and investor perceptions of innovative economic measures are relevant to study the pass-through of economic policies to the real sector in times of crisis and zero lower bound interest rates. In particular, the signalling channel plays an important role in successful unconventional economic policies. Moreover, if unconventional economic policies have an impact abroad, the effects are similar to those measured in the domestic country/region. Consequently, coordination and transparency are a prerequisite for ensuring short-term growth after a global financial crisis.     

China and Its Dollar Exchange Rate: A Worldwide Stabilising Influence?1

China is criticised for keeping its dollar exchange rate fairly stable when it has a large trade (saving) surplus. This criticism is misplaced in two ways. First, no predictable link exists between the exchange rate and the trade balance of an international creditor economy. Second, since 1995, the stable yuan/dollar rate has anchored China’s price level and facilitated counter cyclical fiscal policies that have smoothed its high real GDP growth at a remarkable 9 to 11 per cent per year. With its now greater GDP, China displaces Japan as the largest economy in East Asia – but with a much stronger stabilising influence on East Asian neighbours from its higher economic growth and more stable dollar exchange rate. Now, an ever larger China is an essential stabiliser for the world economy – as exemplified by its prompt and effective fiscal response to the global credit crunch of 2008–09. However, cumulating financial distortions – in China and the United States – threaten to undermine China’s growth and its stabilising influence on the rest of the world.     

新时期农民专业合作社发展面临的问题及对策

农民专业合作社作为一种互助性经济组织既是实现家庭分散经营与市场经济对接的有效途径,也是我国破解“三农”问题的较好选择,其自身的发展关系重大。在新时期,我国农民专业合作社的进一步发展面临法律法规单一、财税信贷政策扶持力度不够、农业风险防范滞后和分配机制不完善等问题,应通过完善立法,加强财税、信贷支持,加强风险防范和规范分配机制等措施促进农民专业合作社的可持续发展。     

Financial contagion in East Asia and the origins of the economic and financial crisis in Korea

In this article the major elements of the 30 year old Asian development model are examined in the light of the financial crisis in the region. The notion of a common model is examined and found to be overstated. The monetary crisis in Asia has affected countries to different degrees, with Indonesia and Korea being particularly weakened. Korea has two major economic problems which can be traced to economic policies established in the 1960s. First, the industrial organization of the economy under a few industrial conglomerates, which has outlived its usefulness and is now a major source of the troubles in the economy. The conglomerates have been responsible for an investment policy where risk has been pushed to recklessness and the rate of return on capital employed is meagre. Second, banking policy, which is best characterized as a severe form of ‘moral hazard’. Both of these policies, while having played major parts in past economic successes, are now the main cause of a weakened economy in a globalized world.     

中国促进低碳经济发展的财政政策研究

财政政策是政府促进低碳经济发展的重要手段。本文分析了中国支持低碳经济发展的财政政策措施、成效及当前面临的主要问题,提出了“十二五”期间我国运用财政政策支持低碳经济发展的目标,在此基础上,重点围绕节能降耗、清洁能源发展、发展低碳城市等支持低碳经济发展的主要方面具体深入地探讨了财政政策选择。     

Myths about miracles: the case of Thailand

Over several decades, Thailand achieved rapid economic growth, based on booming exports, combined with low inflation, a record ending only with the crisis of 1997. The sources of this achievement have been poorly understood. The rapid growth has often been attributed to industry policies that promoted exports. But policy measures ostensibly designed to promote exports made no such contribution; they did not favour industries that subsequently performed well. The macroeconomic stability has likewise been attributed in part to discretionary fiscal stabilization. However, short-run, discretionary fiscal policy made almost no contribution to macroeconomic stabilization; automatic fiscal stabilizers were far more important.     

战略性新兴产业财税政策实施效果研究--以陕西省数据为样本

本文运用耦合与协调模型,建立经济贡献、社会贡献、行业贡献、教育及科技贡献四个子系统共28个指标,为战略性新兴产业财税政策实施效果的评价构建了一个合理的框架。通过陕西省相关数据进行实证研究后发现,战略性新兴产业对经济和社会贡献度稳步提升,二者在大态势上呈现同步增长;不足之处在于政策实施的反馈作用滞后,导致协调度大于耦合度,内部要素相互影响、相互促进的程度有待提高。此外,财税政策促使行业贡献与教育及科技贡献的系统内部配合度上升趋势明显,但数值依然较小。鉴于此,应从观念、政策调整力度以及发展路径上对财税政策进行全方位评价与改进,以期推动战略性新兴产业健康发展。