国外房产税税基评估技术的借鉴及本土化应用

本文介绍了批量评估技术在国外的应用现状,描述了自动评估模型的构建原理和应用方法,并特别指出合理的特征参数选择和经济域划分对提高评估模型的准确性具有重要意义,并以浙江省杭州市房地产市场作为研究对象,实践运用自动评估模型进行了房地产价值批量评估。     

房地产税征管中的房地产批量评估问题研究

批量评估能够低成本、高效率地完成大规模目标财产的价值评估,同时可以更好地体现纳税人之间的一致和公平。我国的房地产税税基评估应以批量评估方法为主。本文阐述了批量评估的概念和基本理论,并对批量评估应用中涉及的诸如影响因素选择与量化、评估区域确定、模型的构建与校准、评估质量控制等实际问题进行了有益探讨。最后,建议我国推行房地产批量评估技术必须首先做好基础工作,再按渐进的方式展开。     

基于支持向量机的物业税税基批量评估

物业税批量评估技术是物业税开征面临的一个关键问题,难点在于如何提高评估精度,降低评估成本。本文针对物业税批量评估技术的特点提出了一种基于最小二乘支持向量机回归的物业税税基批量评估模型,并采用数据对该模型进行验证,结果表明该模型的运算结果精度较高,建立模型所需的样本量小、成本低,在物业税批量评估问题中具有很好的应用前景。     

批量评估:从价税的税基评估方法

批量评估方法是20世纪70年代兴起的评估方法,它是在评估三大基本方法与财产特征数据的基础上,结合数理统计技术和其它相关技术而形成的一种新的评估技术.随着计算机技术的开发与应用,批量评估得到了迅速发展.目前,这种评估方法已在欧美国家不动产税征收的税基评估中广泛应用.本文回顾了批量评估产生与发展的历程,并且举例阐述了其方法原理和主要的操作过程,可为我国税基评估及具备共性的大批量资产评估提供借鉴.     

基于粗糙集BP神经网络的房产税基批量评估研究——以广州市为例

自2021年发布《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》以来，提出推进房产税立法，健全地方税体系，从法律层面保证房产税实施。房产税基批量评估作为一项繁难的系统工程，基础数据复杂多样，又需兼顾公平性与效率性。借助大数据和计算机智能能够很好地解决此问题，且评估结果科学准确。本文基于粗糙集理论与BP神经网络构建房产税基批量评估模型，识别并剔除7个对房产税基影响不大的冗余属性，筛选出20个显著特征变量，并通过广州市9 000套二手普通居民住宅交易样本数据进行验证，结果表明，RS-BPANN模型在房产税基批量评估中可以实现低成本、高效率、评估结果科学准确的要求，为研究我国房产税基批量评估提供了一定的思路。     

基于多元线性回归的森林资源资产批量评估研究

批量评估具有快速评估、成本较低且适用于大量评估的特点，本文尝试将批量评估引入森林资源资产评估中，通过对原理、数据、建模及有效性验证的分析，建立基于多元线性回归的幼龄林批量评估模型，其结果表明，该模型对于幼龄林评估具有适用性，可为森林资源资产评估提供一种新的思路与方法。     

聚类分析法在房产税税基批量评估中的应用

本文分析了国内外关于批量评估的研究现状.指出我国批量评估研究还不够深入,与批量评估相配套的各种体系还不够完善等原因使得我国的批量评估还处于初级探索阶段.国外的批量评估技术已经广泛的与计算机系统和地理定位系统相结合,相对而言比较成熟.但是不管是我国这样处于初级阶段的批量评估还是像美国等国家比较成熟的批量评估,其在样本的选择上依然不够科学,都存在易受主观因素影响等问题.基于此,本文提出了把聚类分析法运用到房产税税基批量评估样本的选择中,以达到提高样本选择时科学性的目的,并以上海市为例做了具体说明.     

纳税评估理论探析

本文研究如何建立科学的纳税评估体系和税收评估模型。在建立纳税评估体系方面从组织体系、方法体系、岗责体系三个方面提出了建立评估体系的具体的方法。在建立税收评估模型方面从采用的工作流程入手,就模型的建立进行探索。     

基于GA神经网络的个人信用评估

个人信用评估技术是完善国家个人信用体系的重要一环.本文提出了基于遗传算法神经网络的个人信用评估模型,利用标准遗传算法和Solis & Wets算法的混合算法同时优化神经网络的结构和权重/闽值.同时,本文在探讨个人信用评估指标的基础上,提出了模型实际应用所涉及问题的解决办法.     

构建物业税评估体系初探

完善的物业税评估体系是我国开征物业税的必要基础,我国物业价值评估工作应遵循效率为主、兼顾公平、区别对待的原则,在实际评估中采用批量评估技术。完善物业税协税护税网络、建立相关申诉制度、建立税基评估体系的成本控制等配套征管措施刻不容缓。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.