A NOTE ON TAXATION AND THE LEASING DISCOUNT RATES

It is demonstrated that the discount rate for taxes in the traditional formula for the after-tax cost of debt is misspecified for the UK situation. Several new formulae are derived for the after-tax costs for specific periods, including the accounting period and the tax lag. Iterative solution methods are not required.     

BANKS AND RATES

Easy money does not mean easy banking profits. Even so, the decision by the Federal Reserve to increase the discount rate at which it lends to banks was     

ON THE DYNAMIC RELATION BETWEEN STOCK PRICES AND EXCHANGE RATES

Abstract In this study we apply recent advances in time-series analysis to examine the intertemporal relation between stock indices and exchange rates for a sample of eight advanced economies. An error correction model (ECM) of the two variables is employed to simultaneously estimate the short-run and long-run dynamics of the variables. The ECM results reveal significant short-run and long-run feedback relations between the two financial markets. Specifically, the results show that an increase in aggregate domestic stock price has a negative short-run effect on domestic currency value. In the long run, however, increases in stock prices have a positive effect on domestic currency value. On the other hand, currency depreciation has a negative short-run and long-run effect on the stock market.     

A NOTE ON INTEREST RATES AND THE RISK OF BANK AND SAVINGS AND LOAN STOCK

This study examines the relationship between interest rates and the risk of bank and savings and loan stocks. Implied standard deviations from call option prices are used as risk estimates of the financial institutions’ stocks. Results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the risk of depository institution equities and the general level of interest rates. In addition, an upward shift in their risk occurred in late 1982, coinciding with several events that were important to the financial industry (the Penn-Square Bank failure, the Mexican debt crisis, and the passage of the Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act).     

关于人民币存贷款利率市场化改革的思考

利率作为金融产品的价格 ,人民币存贷款利率市场化改革 ,其实质是我国金融体制改革领域的价格改革。对人民币存贷款利率实行严格的管制并没有消除我国商业银行经营中的利率风险 ,反而使其带有显著的政策性特征。在社会资金运行发展到利率风险转嫁机制已初步形成的情况下 ,利率管制使商业银行在利率风险管理上处于极为被动的地位 ,这也在一定程度上加剧了利率风险向银行体系的积聚。本文提出了人民币存贷款利率市场化改革的有关设想 ,进而提出了现阶段推进利率市场化改革的政策建议 ,并客观分析了我国商业银行经营中存在的利率风险 ,从而对商业银行构建利率风险管理机制提出了若干设想。     

BORROWING RELATIONSHIPS,MONITORING, AND THE INFLUENCE ON LOAN RATES

While monitoring borrowers, a bank obtains private information about its customers, giving the bank an informational advantage in the production of subsequent services. Competing theories exist on the way banks use this advantage in the pricing of subsequent services to the customer. If moral hazard limits the transfer of private information, the borrowing relationship transforms into an informational monopoly and can be characterized as a “wasting asset.” Alternately, if the banks' competitive environment necessitates that cost economies are shared, the relationship has “value.” Ordering pairs of successive loans made to a particular borrower as prior loans and subsequent loans, and controlling for environmental, borrower, and loan characteristics, we show that the subsequent loan is priced significantly lower than the prior loan.     

VALUATION AND RISK-ADJUSTED DISCOUNT RATES

There is a continuing controversy as to whether the use of a constant risk adjusted discount rate in capital budgeting decisions implies that the risk of the cash flows increases over time. This paper shows that valuation using these discount rates implies an increasing premium for risk over time but that the increasing premium is due to the net impact of the uncertainty in the cash flow; uncertainty in future market expectations of the cash flow; and changes in the market price of risk. The risk of the cash flow itself need not be increasing over time.