效率增进、技术进步与全要素生产率增长——制造业内外资企业生产率比较

运用随机前沿生产函数和1999～2006年产业面板数据,本文研究了制造业内外资企业全要素生产率和技术效率的动态变化特征。实证结果表明,内外资企业全要素生产率均不断提高,由于内资企业增速更快,二者之间的差距开始缩小。进一步的分解表明,前沿技术进步已成为全要素生产率增长的核心动力,1999～2006年前沿技术进步对内外资企业生产率增长的贡献平均约为80%和90%。     

山西煤炭工业全要素生产率变动实证研究

山西煤炭工业在全国煤炭工业中占有重要地位,文中应用基于DEA的非参数Malmquist指数法,对2001～2008年中国27省区煤炭工业的全要素生产率进行了测算,并将其分解为技术进步指数和技术效率指数,重点研究了山西煤炭工业的全要素生产率的变动趋势及原因,结果表明:山西煤炭工业的全要素生产率平均增长了5.7%,主要原因在于技术效率水平的提高,而技术进步水平有所下降;进一步分解,在技术效率的提高中,基本上是规模效率在起作用,而纯技术效率没有得到改善。接着对山西煤炭工业的技术进步、纯技术效率、规模效率作了详尽的分析,最后给出提高全要素生产率的建议。     

浅析我国物流业全要素生产率

采用曼奎斯特指数法,对1997～2007年我国物流业全要素生产率和技术效率的发展情况进行了数据分析。其结果显示:我国物流业全要素生产率(TFP)增长主要得益于技术进步,由于技术进步增长不快,且技术效率负增长对技术进步的削减作用较大,因此我国物流业全要素生产率增长较为缓慢。通过各指数进行相关分析和回归分析得出一些更进一步的结论,为预测全要素生产率对技术进步指数、技术效率变化指数、规模效率指数等的变化提供了参考依据。     

两种等效益面生产函数与全要素生产率变化率的分解

本文根据规模报酬可变还是规模报酬不变，分别定义了一般等效益面生产函数和典型等效益面生产函数。由一般等效益面生产函数的离散型分解式可以测算一个生产单元的纯技术进步，以及纯技术效率变化对经济增长的贡献；而由典型等效益面生产函数可以将全要素生产率的变化率分解为典型技术进步率、纯技术效率和规模效率的变化率之和。进而由具有明确几何意义的离散型分解式分别测算典型技术进步和规模效率对经济增长的贡献。等效益面生产函数与分解式的几何意义还说明，全要素生产率的改变最终是由技术创新、制度创新和管理创新共同推动的。     

我国商业银行效率分析(2005～2010)——基于Malmqusit指数

本文基于Malmquist指数研究我国13家商业银行6年间的效率及其动态变化,将Malmquist指数分解为技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率。利用DEA程序以产出为主导型,考虑规模报酬的变动,得出结论:我国商业银行全要素生产率整体上呈增长趋势,国有商业银行技术进步率较高,但技术效率低于股份制商业银行,并根据银行现状,提出改进建议。     

生产效率的区域特征与生产率增长的分解——基于主成分分析与随机前沿超越对数生产函数的方法

运用随机前沿超越对数生产函数和2001～2006年省际面板数据,本文研究了我国各地区的全要素生产率以及生产效率的区域特征,利用提取主成分法得到的变量,对生产效率进行影响因素分析。实证结果表明,外商投资和基础设施的实际有效利用对各地区生产效率有重要的影响;前沿技术进步是全要素生产率的主导因素;东部地区前沿技术进步率与生产效率都高于中西部;西部前沿技术进步表现为分化的特征,而中部则有趋同的趋势。     

中国全要素生产率分析:Malmquist指数法评述与应用

本文首先对Malmquist指数法进行了回顾,对Malmquist指数各种分解的分歧和争论作了一个比较全面深入的介绍,并指出国内已有研究在指数分解方面存在的不足。在此基础上,对我国1979~2005年全要素生产率变动及其分解进行了分析。本文的主要结论是:改革开放以来,由于技术效率和生产技术的进步,我国全要素生产率得到了较大进步。但是1997年以后,由于技术效率下降,全要素生产率增长出现下降趋势。总体而言,由于地区之间技术差距的拉大,我国并没有出现全要素生产率的趋同效应。     

制造业上市公司并购绩效分析——基于全要素生产率视角

本文以2010年我国发生并购制造业公司的前后四年的面板数据为研究样本,采用DEA-Malmquist模型分析并购前后的全要素生产率、技术进步、规模效率。研究结果表明:并购当年规模效率上升,技术进步下降,全要素生产率小于并购前一年;并购后两年规模效率逐步下降,技术进步却处于先提升后下降状态,但全要素生产率仍是下降趋势。最后本文基于行业并购类型、并购相对规模、是否涉及关联交易等方面探讨其与并购绩效的关系。     

中国农业生产率的变动与分解分析:1978～2004年--基于非参数的HMB生产率指数的实证研究

本文使用非参数的HMB生产率指数方法，考察了中国农村改革以来农业全要素生产率（TFP）的变动趋势，并把TFP的增长构成分解为技术进步、技术效率变化、规模效应和投入产出混合效应四个部分。结果表明，改革开放以来我国农业TFP的增长主要是由技术进步推动的，技术效率的下降对TFP的增长造成了不利影响，而规模效应和混合效应影响较弱。文章还指出中国农业的育种能力和生物技术的发展是农业技术进步的决定力量。     

长江经济带物流业的全要素生产率差异性分析

将碳排放引入到全要素生产率指标体系,基于DEA-Malmquist方法对长江经济带11省市2007~2016年的全要素生产率测算,并从时间、空间两个维度对全要素生产率的演化进行分析。研究表明:长江经济带全要素生产率处于逐步上升的趋势,主要依靠技术进步拉动全要素生产率的提高;长江经济带11个省市全要素生产率总体呈上升趋势,但是存在地区发展不均衡,技术进步和规模效率是影响全要素生产率提高的主要因素。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。