Capital Market Equilibrium with Differential Taxation

This paper studies the effect of investor-specific differentialdividend taxation on the dynamics of equilibrium security pricesand allocations. In order to deal with the inherent Paretoinefficiency of such an equilibrium as well as the preclusion oftax arbitrage, we construct a continuous-time equilibrium via arepresentative investor with state-dependent utility. Investorsdiffer in their pricing of risk, inducing investor-specificconsumption-based CAPMs, with differential taxation appearing asan additional factor. The interest rate, stock price, andconsumption dynamics are also impacted. Under logarithmicpreferences, risk is transferred from the higher-taxed to thelower-taxed investor, and the interest rate decreases tocounteract extra precautionary savings against this suboptimallyshared risk. Numerical analysis reveals further tax rate,time-to-horizon, and dividend risk effects on equilibriumquantities. For most wealth allocations, the stock returnvolatility is increased above the no-tax benchmark.     

资产证券化：我国资本市场的发展方向

资产证券化在20世纪70年代产生后，经过近40年的发展，目前已经成为全球发展最为迅速的金融产品。本文从资产证券化的内涵出发，通过研究资产证券化发展的国际经验，结合我国的实际情况，对阻碍我国资产证券化发展的原因进行了探讨，并从发行者、投资者以及中介机构等角度分析了我国发展资产证券化产品的必然性。     

资产专用性、产品市场竞争和资本结构——基于我国上市公司的实证分析

本文研究资产专用性和产品市场竞争对公司资本结构的影响,发现我国上市公司资本结构与产品市场强度和资产专用性负相关。在高资产专用性行业,资产清算价值受到影响,产品市场竞争越激烈,发生清算的概率越大,公司负债率越低。我们运用沪深上市公司面板数据进行检验,实证分析支持我们的理论假设,并且三者之间的关系在不同行业表现出不同的特征,这主要是受不同的行业竞争结构和资产专用性的影响。理论和实证分析表明在我国某些竞争性行业存在＂过度监管＂现象,融资条件过于苛刻而不能得到有效的股权融资。     

Capital Asset Pricing Compatible with Observed Market Value Weights

We show that the set of expected return vectors, for which an observed portfolio is mean variance (MV) efficient, is a two-parameter family. We identify ten ways to specify the time series behavior of the two parameters; the result highlights a number of inconsistencies involved in MV modelling. For each of the cases, it permits the inference of the time series of expected return vectors, as well as all the other Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) variables, compatible with a known covariance matrix and the observed time series of market value weights. The empirical work shows that there are substantial case-to-case differences in the time series of mean vectors and many of them are quite different from the constant mean vector envisioned in tests of the CAPM.     

Capital Structure Equilibrium under Market Imperfections and Incompleteness

This paper generalizes Miller's supply-side equilibrium argument to other forms of capital market imperfections and incompleteness. If corporations possess a comparative advantage in dealing with these imperfections, they have an incentive to act as financial intermediaries. Corporations' attempts to profit from these intermediation activities dictate an optimal capital structure for the corporate sector as a whole, but in equilibrium the capital structure of any single firm is a matter of indifference. In addition, the positive role that corporate finance plays in completing the market restores standard perfect market results on asset pricing and the associated portfolio separation properties.     

An Equilibrium Model of Asset Pricing and Moral Hazard

This article develops an integrated model of asset pricing andmoral hazard. It is demonstrated that the expected dollar returnof a stock is independent of managerial incentives and idiosyncraticrisk, but the equilibrium price of the stock depends on them.Thus, the expected rate of return is affected by managerialincentives and idiosyncratic risk. It is shown, however, thatmanagerial incentives and idiosyncratic risk affect the expectedrate of return through their influence on systematic risk ratherthan serve as independent risk factors. It is also shown thatthe risk aversion of the principal in the model leads to lessemphasis on relative performance evaluation than in a modelwith a risk-neutral principal.     

The Market Model and Capital Asset Pricing Theory: A Note

This note shows that a linear market model is sufficient to derive a linear relationship between beta and expected return. Furthermore, the slope of the relationship will be identical with that of the Capital Asset Pricing Model if the return on the market portfolio is normally distributed. However, results from characterization theory suggest that the linear market model assumption is close to that of multivariate normality.     

An Equilibrium Model of Asset Trading with Sequential Information Arrival

In an effort to better understand the dynamic market price adjustment process, this paper develops a model which describes the impact of new information on a financial market. The primary emphasis is on the price change-volume relationship in the presence of a margin requirement. We find that the margin requirement significantly affects the relation of price change to volume. Furthermore, this relationship is shown to be affected by the number of investors in the market, the degree of information dissemination, differences in interpretation of information and the implicit cost of the margin requirement.     

多层次资本市场构想

从世界上许多经济发展比较成功的国家的经验教训看,经济结构、产业结构的调整本质上是一个资本供给制度的改革和调整问题,也就是构建有利于资本向高效配置方向流动的市场平台,这一任务不能依赖间接融资体系,而只能依靠发达、完善的资本市场体系。因此,建立多层次的资本市场才能提高金融资源的利用效率。     

单因素资本资产定价模型在中国市场的应用研究

根据单因素资本资产定价模型（CAPM）模型，股票的β值与期望收益率呈正比例关系，β值为通常收益率的解释因素。本文从统计学角度阐述了模型和回归方程之间的关系，应用回归分析中的相关理论解决模型参数估计和模型检验等问题，并对一些统计指标作出有实际意义的解释。我们主要运用中国股市牛市期间和熊市期间的数据研究β值和未来30个交易日后的收益率之间的关系。实证结果表明，牛市期间收益率随β值的增大总体上呈现上升趋势，熊市期间收益率随β值的增大总体上呈现下降趋势。这说明β值是决定未来收益的一个风险因素，投资者可以依据β值对未来收益从而决定投资那只股票（组合）做出判断。但是两者的相关关系不强，后期线性趋势不好，因此投资时还要考虑其它一些风险因素，比如涨面／市值比、市盈率等等。     

Equilibrium in a Dynamic Limit Order Market

We model a dynamic limit order market as a stochastic sequential game with rational traders. Since the model is analytically intractable, we provide an algorithm based on Pakes and McGuire (2001) to find a stationary Markov‐perfect equilibrium. We then generate artificial time series and perform comparative dynamics. Conditional on a transaction, the midpoint of the quoted prices is not a good proxy for the true value. Further, transaction costs paid by market order submitters are negative on average, and negatively correlated with the effective spread. Reducing the tick size is not Pareto improving but increases total investor surplus.     

基于中国资本市场数据的Faber战术资产配置及择时效果检验

Faber战术资产配置是根据简单均线思想进行择时,并在大类资产间进行均衡配置的模型,在降低投资组合风险方面具有积极的作用。采用我国资本市场2010—2017年的股票、债券、期货等大类资产的周数据,在构造适用于我国资本市场的Faber战术资产配置策略的基础上,利用T-M模型和H-M模型详细检验了策略的择时效果,结果发现:无论是单独对股市进行分析,还是对大类资产进行组合构建,Faber战术资产配置模型均可以显著扩大投资收益并降低投资风险,T-M模型和H-M模型的检验结果也表明该模型的择时效果极其显著,充分验证了择时加资产配置对于提高投资组合的收益风险比具有关键的作用。     

Evaluation Periods and Asset Prices in a Market Experiment

We test whether the frequency of feedback information about the performance of an investment portfolio and the flexibility with which the investor can change the portfolio influence her risk attitude in markets. In line with the prediction of myopic loss aversion (Benartzi and Thaler (1995)), we find that more information and more flexibility result in less risk taking. Market prices of risky assets are significantly higher if feedback frequency and decision flexibility are reduced. This result supports the findings from individual decision making, and shows that market interactions do not eliminate such behavior or its consequences for prices.     

托宾的Q投资理论与资本市场均衡机制

传统的企业投资理论一直忽略了资本市场的作用,但是托宾的Q投资理论却把企业与资本市场有机地结合起来。本文对既有文献的理论脉络进行了简单的总结,在此基础之上评述了托宾的Q投资理论,并对该理论与资本市场的关系进行了更深的挖掘与探讨。文章的最后以美国资本市场为例,阐述了托宾Q理论是如何对资本市场均衡进行评价与验证的。