Optimal Capital Income Taxes and Capital Controls in Small Open Economies

This paper studies the optimal taxation of capital income in a simplemodel of a small open economy where domestic residents can evade taxeson their foreign investment income. The national government can onlytax domestic capital income and can impose capital controls, whichhowever absorb real resources. The design of optimal policy in thismodel depends on the revenue needs of the government. For relativelylow levels of government expenditures, it turns out that the countrydoes not levy capital income taxes but may restrict capital exports.Otherwise, the country taxes domestic capital income and sets capitalcontrols such that capital exports are driven to zero, at an optimum.In contrast to other models with capital controls it turns out thatthis policy can lead to underinvestment in domestic capital.JEL Classification Number: E 62, F 41, H 21     

Joint Production of Goods and Knowledge: Implications for Tax Reform

This paper examines the welfare impacts of tax reformin the context of a perfect-foresight two-sector model with linearendogenous growth, where new knowledge is a byproduct of productionactivities. A calibrated version of this model is used to obtainnumerical estimates of the welfare impact of equal-yield unanticipatedtax changes through transitional analysis. Simulation resultsindicate that the size of the welfare effects of income tax reformdepends crucially on the sectoral composition of final consumptionand investment demand, and on the interplay between output complementaritylinkages and factor intensities.     

Income Tax Effects on Asset Valuation and Managerial Analysis

Under an income tax structure that treats profits and losses unequally, the tax function is non-linear. This note examines how this non-linearity affects asset valuation and related managerial analyses.     

中外个人所得税的比较与启示

本综合比较了中外个人所得税制度，分析了我国现行个人所得税制度运行中存在的问题，提出了借鉴国际经验，进一步改革与完善我国现行个人所得税制度的政策建议。     

企业税收筹划行为的形成机理分析

本文运用系统论的分析方法,从环境与主体互动的角度来研究企业的涉税选择行为。系统论认为,环境作用于主体自然引起主体能动的适应性反映,企业系统属于人造系统,具有整体性、目的性和环境适应性等基本属性。税收文化、税收制度、税收征管以及税收法治等各要素相互联系共同构成企业的税收环境,税收的本质特征决定了税收环境属于约束性环境。企业适应税收环境的能动的基本途径是,最大限度的考虑税收对企业行为的影响,通过改善企业的内部环境条件,重新整合企业的可控资源,实现企业系统目标。本文运用税收环境论、人性假设理论、心理学、行为经济学等理论分析了税收筹划行为的形成机理。     

财权制衡与中国改革

预算民主政治的建设,应当成为中国下一步经济与政治体制改革的逻辑起点。加强对政府全口径预算决算的审查和监督,是未来中国民主政治建设的一项重要任务中共十八大报告讲到中国下一步改革时,有一些具体的规划。也许很多人并没有注意到,报告第四部分讲到中国下一步经济体制改革时,第一条就是讲财政体制改革:"加快改革财税体制,健全中央和地方财力与事权     

资本流动对中国国际收支的影响

本文从分析中国国际收支失衡局面的形成原因入手,主要探讨了资本流动在国际收支失衡中的决定性作用,指出这种资本流动形式具有较大的潜在不稳定性,在目前人民币汇率弹性还不够充分时,资本项目尤其是对于资本流出的管制不宜过快放开。     

行政复议前置、税法确定性与税收治理现代化

行政复议前置的制度功能之一是保障税法确定性,这是税收治理现代化的内在要求。在税务法院全面设立以前,在专业机构完成税收争议的初次处理能够保障税法的统一解释与适用,提升税法的确定性。行政复议前置不仅可以将事实认定功能留给行政机关,让法院(无论是否设立税务法庭)能专事法律问题,而且在税制改革的背景下,能发挥过滤争议数量和争议焦点的作用,提高税收救济制度的效率。这种立场,并不损害纳税人的权利,相反保护了抽象和整体意义上的纳税人权利。     

Securing the Repeal of a Tax on the 'raw material of thought'

When first introduced in 1712, and throughout the eighteenth century, the stamp duty on newspapers was primarily intended as a revenue raising measure with censorship as a subsidiary, but not unintended, by-product (Sadler & Oats, 2002). In the nineteenth century the stamp duty became known, more justifiably, as a 'tax on knowledge' and it was increasingly criticised as being an overt form of censorship. A campaign in the 1830s to have the tax repealed resulted in a compromise, in 1836, in the form of a significant reduction in the duty from 4d to 1d per half sheet of newspaper. The stamp duty was eventually repealed in 1855, largely as a result of the activities of 'The Newspaper Stamp Abolition Committee', a campaign run on different lines to that of the 1830s. This paper examines this second abolition campaign, which adopted unusual tactics in pursuit of the repeal of the tax. It demonstrates the tensions between social reformers and business interests in securing the repeal of a dysfunctional tax.     

Environmental Taxes, International Capital Mobility and Inefficient Tax Systems: Tax Burden vs. Tax Shifting

This paper deals with the so-called double dividend of an environmental tax reform. In a model with only labor and a polluting input as factors of production, we find that society faces a trade-off between internalizing environmental externalities and raising revenues in the least distortionary way. However, if capital enters the production structure, an ecological tax reform may render the tax structure more efficient from a non-environmental point of view, thereby raising not only environmental quality but also private incomes.     

全球经济格局调整下我国对外投资税收管理面临的新难题

经济全球化和我国对外投资的快速增长,将使我国国际税收的规模迅速扩大。本文认为,为了应对这种新形势,必须加强国际税收税源的信息化管理,明确我国国际税收的政策和管理目标,加快国际税收征收管理的制度完善和人才队伍建设。     

税务行政程序证据规则研究

税务行政程序不应建立严格证据排除规则,以侵权或违背程序正义方式取得的非法证据应当排除。税务行政程序证明责任主要由税务机关承担,税务机关依职权调查案件事实和收集证据。行政相对人承担部分证明责任,有提供证据的权利和责任。税务行政程序应采用职能分离规则和案卷排他性原则。     

The Complexity of Tax Structure in Competitive Political Systems

We explore the nature of tax complexity in competitive political systems. The analysis does not rely upon imperfections in the operation of the public sector. Complexity arises in the course of the struggle for office, during which political parties are induced to propose platforms that discriminate carefully among heterogeneous voters. A basic model is enriched by the addition of administration costs and self-selection, factors which limit the ability of any government to discriminate fully. The effect on complexity of inequalities in political influence is also investigated. The analysis suggests that simple tax systems (such as a flat tax or a broadly based tax without special provisions) are not compatible with vigorous political competition.     

优化税务执法方式的国际借鉴研究

优化税务执法方式需要从理念、制度、程序、技术、环境、人才等因素着手,积极借鉴国际先进经验和做法。结合我国的税收征管现状,应把纳税人优先的理念有机渗透到执法机制、执法制度、执法程序、执法技术、执法环境、执法人才等六个关键环节的构建之中,坚持精确执法与精细服务并重,切实推进税收管理向执法服务型转变,全面提升我国税务执法质效。     

建立我国公共住房制度的财税政策研究

在公有制土地上建设的住房产品作为具有外部性的混合公共产品,属于广义的财政范畴,需要公共政策的干预。我国房地产领域现行财税制度对公共住房制度建设支持力度严重不足,导致住房产品过度市场化,普通商品房市场价格飞涨。这是公共决策行为严重失误的必然结果。解决高房价问题的关键在于解决中低收入阶层的住房困难问题,其根本解决之道在于市场机制之外正确的公共政策干预。必须改革我国现行财政分配制度,建立适应我国房地产业健康发展的财税制度,促进房地产业健康可持续性发展。     

Tax Competition and Redistribution in a Two-Country Endogenous-Growth Model

This paper examines the effects of policy coordinationin a two-country world with endogenous growth and imperfect capitalmobility. Redistribution is financed by a source-based capital-incometax. Comparing the cases in which countries do and do not coordinatetheir fiscal policies, it is shown that redistribution can beinefficiently high if fiscal policies are not coordinated. Thisis because the negative effects of fiscal policy on home savingsaffect economic growth abroad by inducing a decline in foreigninvestment. This externality can dominate the well-known tax-baseexternality.     

工资税盾、替代效应与资本结构

基于中国计税工资限额扣除标准提高的外生性事件,本文从工资薪金提供的“非债务税盾”角度,探索性地研究工资税盾与资本结构的关系。结果表明,计税工资限额扣除标准提高后,与未接近“税收耗损状态”公司相比,接近“税收耗损状态”公司更为显著地降低了债务水平,该发现符合“非债务税盾”与资本结构之间存在“替代效应”的理论预期,也验证了“税收耗损状态”假说。进一步研究表明:未接近和接近“税收耗损状态”两类公司的差异主要反映在长期债务上,而在短期债务上并不明显;与国有企业相比,两类公司的差异在非国有企业中更为明显;另外,与税收征管力度较弱地区相比,征管力度较强地区两类公司间的差异更为明显。本文的研究成果不仅提供了“非债务税盾”形式的新证据,还发现产权性质和税收征管环境等也是影响非债务税盾与资本结构之间关系的重要因素。     

Regal Hair Salon: Tax and financial reporting of gift cards

Regal Hair Salons Inc., an owner and operator of hair salons across the United States, has enhanced its brand recognition through gift cards and promotions. Using authoritative tax literature, you have to determine the amount and timing of its federal income tax liability for the gift cards of other retailers that Regal has sold, gift cards for its own products and services, and the gift cards that it has issued during a special promotion. You also have an opportunity to determine whether Regal’s financial reporting policies with respect to gift cards are consistent with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAPs), using FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Finally, based on your review of book-tax differences, you are to determine the appropriate current and deferred tax provision. The case provides an opportunity to examine several issues in a real-world setting, strengthen your tax and accounting research capabilities, and develop your critical thinking skills.     

“十四五”时期的税制结构转型

现行税制的基本架构奠基于1994年,随着经济社会发展格局的变化,自"十二五"时期起,其结构优化问题便已正式列入政策议程,但若干年来进展缓慢。"十四五"迎来了我国税制结构转型的关键期,国家发展战略和政策目标的变化作为重要的外部推动力量,要求一种有利于促进国内消费、以人民为中心和面向现代国家治理的税收制度与之相适应。