企业人力资源管理者胜任力研究综述

人力资源是21世纪企业的战略资源,是企业发展的决定性因素和经营管理的核心力量。近几年,胜任力研究已经成为人力资源管理学科研究的热点话题。人力资源管理者的胜任力在很大程度上决定了企业的人力资源管理水平。因此,研究人力资源管理者的胜任力对企业的发展具有重要意义。本文回顾了国内外学者关于企业人力资源管理者胜任力的相关研究,指出其中不足,并提出了未来的研究方向。     

基于胜任力的人力资源管理

人力资源已成为企业的第一资源,人力资源竞争优势是企业的核心竞争力之一。面对知识经济的到来,传统的人力资源管理显现了种种弊端,如何使人力资源管理更适应知识管理、柔性管理、以人为本的管理,都是管理界所探索的问题。胜任力的概念提出后,为知识经济时代的人力资源管理提供了新思路,人力资源管理从基于岗位(工作)的传统人力资源管理向基于胜任力的人力资源管理转变。这种以员工的胜任力为基础的人力资源管理,能让企业构建自身不可模仿的核心竞争力服务,使企业在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地。一、基于胜任力的人力资源管理相关概念1、胜任…     

基于胜任能力培养的人力资源管理实践教学研究

人力资源管理人才胜任能力是指一个优秀的人力资源管理专业人才应该具备的胜任特征总和;人力资源管理是一门理论性、应用性和实践性都很强的新学科,实践教学作为联系理论知识和实际能力之间的桥梁,对培养学生的职业素养和胜任能力具有非常重要的作用;基于此,本文在分析人力资源管理人才胜任能力的基础上,提出了人力资源管理实践教学的对策建议。     

从胜任力看人力资源管理专业实践能力培养

自胜任力概念提出以来，胜任力理论在管理学、教育学、心理学等学科领域的实践应用日益俱增。目前，我国对人力资源管理者需求量愈增，对其胜任力提出了更高的要求，同时人力资源管理专业人才培养也引起了广泛关注。高校人力资源管理专业本科生要想胜任组织人力资源管理工作，须具备一定的管理实践能力。本文首先在国内外研究的基础上构建出人力资源管理专业本科生胜任力模型，继而从该模型系统地提出了实践能力培养的指导思想和途径。     

基于胜任力的人力资源管理模型构建与价值计量

胜任力特征内涵为人力资源管理拓展了新思路。胜任力区分绩效优秀者与绩效一般者的特征表现,体现了胜任力人力资源管理的核心内容。本文借此评述传统管理方式并寻找绩效卓越者,增强了人力资源管理特色。强调人力资源管理与组织的匹配关系,是深化研究人力资源成本管理的关键所在。基于"人能匹配"和"人本匹配"的研究,建立起"胜任力-人力成本匹配"的成本模型。通过人力资源价值分析,给出了人力资源成本与价值计量的估算式。     

基于工作情景视角的人力资源管理者胜任力探讨

文章从工作情景视角出发,从工作复杂性、工作压力、工作不确定性、科学性与艺术性四个角度探讨了人力资源管理者的胜任力,旨在为企业构架人力资源管理者胜任力模型提供参考。     

浅谈基于胜任力模型的企业人力资源管理

胜任力模型及其应用是当前人力资源管理领域的热点问题.本文初步探讨了胜任力模型对企业人力资源管理的作用,并对如何建立企业胜任力模型做了相关介绍.     

HR的角色定位

对于HR的角色定位,我想引出国际人力资源管理研究院(IHRI)的一个关于人力资源经理的胜任素质模型,其中把人力资源经理定义为六大胜任角色:人事管理专家、业务伙伴、变革管理者、文化管理者、正直诚信笃行者、战略绩效管理者。应该客观地讲,这是对HR经理人在企业中的角色来定义的一个理想的、完美的素质模型。     

胜任能力管理,助基层政府管理转型

运用胜任能力管理模型,是落实战略性人力资源管理的有效手段,同时也是解决人力资源管理与组织发展脱节问题的重要方法.因此,政府部门要正确认识胜任能力管理的重要作用,将其纳入政府人力资源管理体系之中,推动基层政府人力资源管理转型,实现人力资源管理与组织发展目标的结合,开创基层政府人力资源管理新局面.     

炸掉人力资源部

优秀的经理能发现你的优势,他不会告诉你应该怎么做,而是鼓励你能做,发挥你的创造力,克制你的短处。人力资源在企业发展中扮演着什么样的角色?在一个企业中老总关心财务问题、运作流程问题、企业决策,当然也关心人力资源问题,但有时当业务与人力资源发生冲突时老总们往往会优先考虑业务问题。其实人力资源在企业的发展中是有其战略地位的。我想主要从五个方面来讨论:1.人力资源战略、CEO 与企业永续经营;2.人力资源绩效评估与人力资源计分卡(HRSC);3.人力资源专业管理者的胜任特征;4.人力资源管理面临的挑战与对策;5.人力资源管理的5P 模式。大公司与小公司的区别何在?从管理     

HR strategy and competitive advantage in the service sector

While taking its cue from studies of high‐performance work systems in manufacturing, this article examines theory and research on the potential for HR advantage in the service sector, building directly on recent studies of market segmentation and HR strategy in the sector. The article uses these studies, along with strategic management theory, to put forward a new typology of market characteristics, competitive dynamics and HR strategy in services. Three broad types of competition, ranging from mass market to knowledge‐intensive services, are identified. This framework helps the article to explore the issue of whether competitive differentiation through human resources is possible only in high‐skill areas such as professional services. It argues that opportunities for HR advantage are broader; they exist where quality and/or knowledge are important in competitive strategy. However, seeing the opportunity is not the same as achieving the result. Service firms that identify and pursue these opportunities face the problems of building and maintaining barriers to imitation, and of managing the ‘politics of appropriation’.     

‘Intended’ and ‘implemented’ HRM: the missing linchpin in strategic human resource management research

We argue that inconclusive findings in the SHRM literature regarding the relationship between HRM systems and organizational performance may result primarily from methodological weaknesses and a failure of researchers to distinguish between HR practices intended by the organizations and those actually implemented. Rather than relying upon a single respondent per organization as is the norm, we contrast reports of both managers and non-managers from inside and outside HR departments to highlight differences between intended and implemented HRM. The findings, arrived at with the help of 195 interviews, 508 questionnaire responses and several company documents, support our expectation: implemented HRM may be substantially different from intended HRM; consistent implementation increases employee satisfaction with HRM, which is positively related to organizational performance. The current study thus highlights new factors that require attention in developing HR–performance analyses and also suggests that a mere imitation of HRM in the hopes of improving organizational performance creates no value. It is crucial that HR departments and managers remain committed and supportive to the development of effective HRM systems by focusing upon actual ‘implementation’ within their organizations.     

Why organizations adopt some human resource management practices and reject others: An exploration of rationales

This article explores reasons why organizations adopt or reject human resource practices. Four theoretical approaches are brought to bear on this issue. According to the economic approach, organizations adopt HR practices that are economically beneficial to them. Similarly, the alignment approach views firms as adopting HR practices if these practices are aligned with strategic objectives. In contrast, the decision‐making approach invokes a constrained‐ra‐tionality model of managerial judgment, and the diffusion approach attributes the adoption/rejection decision to institutional pressures that encourage imitation. Literature in these areas is reviewed and the implications for HR research and practice are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Is Ulrich's model useful in understanding HR practitioners' roles in non-western developing countries? An exploratory investigation across private and public sector organizations in the Sultanate Kingdom of Oman

This study set out to explore whether Ulrich's model is useful in understanding HR roles in non-western developing countries such as Oman. The study surveyed a random sample of 780 HR practitioners, line managers and employees from public and private sector organizations. In addition 12 HR practitioners and managers were interviewed to supplement the data collected from the survey. The findings indicate that HR practitioners in Oman perform all the roles. However, ‘strategic partner’ is the least performed role. The findings also indicate that HR practitioners in the private sector are more likely to perform all the five roles to a greater extent than their counterparts in the public sector. We also found partial support for our proposition that HR practitioners in the public sector would play more ‘operational’ roles (e.g. employee advocate or functional expert) than ‘strategic’ roles (i.e. strategic partner or HR leader). The study revealed that Ulrich's model is robust enough to help in the understanding of HR roles in a non-western, developing country context. The findings are discussed within the context of institutional and cultural frameworks. The paper argues for more research to improve the understanding of how socio-economic and cultural factors influence HR roles and how they are performed.     

Endogenous product substitutability strategy under duopoly

This article develops endogenous product substitutability theory. With game theory approach, the effects of endogenous product substitutability are characterized. First, equilibrium under endogenous product substitutability is achieved. Second, product substitutability strategy promotes price, total outputs, and social welfare. Outputs under high‐efficiency firm's product substitutability are compared with those under low‐efficiency firm's product substitutability. Third, compared with the other cases, joint product substitutability improves price difference. Finally, the outputs of all firms under endogenous product substitutability are shown to be lower than the social optimality level. The policy implication is to encourage firms investing product substitutability.     

A many-to-many ‘rural hospital theorem’

We show that the full version of the so-called ‘rural hospital theorem’ generalizes to many-to-many matching problems where agents on both sides of the problem have substitutable and weakly separable preferences. We reinforce our result by showing that when agents’ preferences satisfy substitutability, the domain of weakly separable preferences is also maximal for the rural hospital theorem to hold.     

Employee perceptions of HR practices: A critical review and future directions

Abstract

Scholars are directing more attention to employee perceptions of human resources (HR) practices and have explored issues such as whether and how employees’ idiosyncratic or collective perceptions of HR practices shape employee outcomes. To further this area of research, we seek to determine what authors mean when they refer to “employee perceptions of HR practices”. We review 105 articles from leading human resource management journals and find that employee perceptions of HR practices is not a monolithic concept. Rather, following previous scholars, we identify three distinct components of employee perceptions of HR practices: the ‘what’, ‘how’, and ‘why’. We critically summarize extant literature on these three components of employee HR perception and propose future research directions, including enriching the theoretical foundations of HR communication, embracing cross-national contexts, and enhancing practical relevance.     

On the relationship between product substitutability and tacit collusion

This paper examines the effect of increased product substitutability on quantity‐setting firms’ ability to sustain tacit collusion in a market. It uses a general demand function and the trigger strategy of Friedman (Friedman JW. 1971. A non‐cooperative equilibrium for supergames. Review of Economic Studies 38: 1–12) to show that while increased product substitutability hinders sustainability of tacit collusion in the case of linear and concave demand functions, it may either hinder or facilitate firms’ ability to sustain tacit collusion in the case of convex demand functions. Thus, this paper adds to the growing view that one must use a case‐by‐case analysis in judging whether firms in more homogenous product markets find it easier or harder to tacitly collude. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cooperation with a multiproduct corporation in a strategic managerial delegation

We consider an industry composed of a multiproduct corporation that adopts corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a strategic managerial delegation and examine the profit-incentive to form a cooperative group. We find that competition is an equilibrium for any degree of substitutability and yields the highest CSR, which is increasing in the degree of substitutability. We also show that full cooperation is an equilibrium for lower substitutability but induces no CSR, whereas partial cooperation with one uniplant firm is an equilibrium for higher substitutability but yields lower CSR than that under competition. Therefore, cooperation might reduce strategic CSR activities, whereas competition will encourage higher CSR but yield lower industry profits.     

Human Capital Factors Affecting Human Resource (HR) Managers' Commitment to HR and the Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Value on HR

Human resource (HR) managers’ commitment to their occupation (HR) leads to the proper delivery and implementation of HR practices and, therefore, is deemed as a critical factor for the success of HR practices. Based on sociocognitive, human capital, and signaling theories, this study examines: (a) HR managers’ own and their chief HR officer's (CHRO) HR‐specific human capital as antecedents of their commitment to HR, and (b) the mediating mechanism through which the CHRO’s HR‐specific human capital positively influences HR managers’ commitment to HR. Based on 146 HR managers from 146 organizations in South Korea, the findings of the current study suggest that HR managers with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital and those working with CHROs with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital tend to have higher levels of commitment to HR. In addition, CHROs with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital positively influence HR managers’ commitment to HR by signaling to them that HR and its function are valued and cared about by their organizations. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed along with study limitations and further research directions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.