知识员工胜任力评价指标研究现状及对策建议

组织研究并构建知识员工胜任力模型,旨在为组织甄选到正确的知识员工,以增进知识员工与组织之间的战略合作伙伴关系.而胜任力评价指标体系及测评工具的科学性与适用性是决定胜任力模型能否充分起到其预定作用的主要制约因素之一.为便于系统地了解知识员工胜任力评价指标体系研究进展情况,本文主要从指标内容及指标权重配置两方面回顾了知识员工胜任力指标体系研究的成果,并针对存在的问题尝试性提出几点对策建议.     

基于胜任力概念的人才测评指标体系构建

对员工进行基于胜任力概念的素质测评在人力资源管理中起着基础性的作用。它为企业的人员选聘、任用、调配及培训提供比较客观、可靠的依据。文章介绍胜任力特征在构建人才测评指标体系的应用，帮助企业根据工作岗位或任务要求来确定人才的素质范围、角度和程度。     

中小型建筑企业经理人胜任力模糊综合层次评判模型的构建与应用

运用胜任力测评理论设计了中小型建筑企业经理人胜任力测评指标体系,并使用模糊综合层次评判方法构建了中小型建筑企业经理人胜任力的评判模型。根据应用实例的评判结果,得到了影响胜任力高低的主导因素,为中小型建筑企业选拔高绩效的建筑企业经理人提供了一定的决策依据。     

浅析当下岗位胜任力测评存在的问题及改进方式研究

岗位胜任力测评是当下企业构建核心竞争力和高绩效文化的有效手段之一,进行岗位胜任力测评有利于的人力资源管理,帮助企业更好地选拔、培养、激励员工,但目前国内很多企业的岗位胜任力测评在具体实施时,仍存在诸多问题,本文作者结合自身工作实际,分析了当下国内企业岗位胜任力测评的存在的一些问题,并对相应的改进方式进行了研究。     

大学生公益创业者素质特征模型构建

公益创业者素质对公益创业组织的成功与否起决定性作用.文章在公益创业发展和创业者素质的国内外研究成果的基础上,通过叙事学方法和专家访谈法确定模型的编码词典、构建理论模型.基于对广东省253名大学生公益创业者的实证调查,着重对大学生公益创业者的人口统计特征和特质进行分析,最终构建了信效度较高的,包含内驱力、创业力、进取力和资本力4维度21测项的大学生公益创业者素质特征模型,研究成果将为公益创业者的培育和公益创业事业的发展提供参考.     

石化企业中层管理者胜任力模糊综合评价模型

本文在研究石化企业中层管理者胜任力构成的基础上，创造性地构建了石化企业中层管理者胜任力测评指标体系。为避免多个因素带来的模糊性和不确定性，结合模糊数学中的模糊综合评判，建立了石化企业中层管理者胜任力模糊综合评价模型。以期客现有效地评判其胜任力，适应石化企业客观、可靠、有效地识别、选拔和聘用中层管理者的需要。     

基于熵值VIKOR算法的职业经理人胜任力测评模型研究

随着市场竞争的加剧,企业的发展面临着越来越多的挑战,职业经理人在企业的经营和发展中的作用日益凸显。文章在对国内学者关于职业经理人胜任力的研究进行梳理的基础上,将熵值法VIKOR算法纳入到职业经理人胜任力测评的环节中来,并基于实例,详细阐述了如何通过VIKOR算法对职业经理人胜任力进行可量化的测评。熵值法VIKOR算法在职业经理人胜任力测评中的应用为企业科学的甄选人才提供了决策依据,具有很强的现实意义和可操作性。     

高职院校辅导员胜任力问卷的编制及应用

本研究对高职院校辅导员胜任力理论模型通过问卷的方式进行验证。在问卷初测的基础上进行数理分析,探索性因子分析以及信度和效度检验的结果表明:编制的高职院校辅导员胜任力问卷可以作为测评高职院校辅导员能否胜任的测评与选拔工具。     

高校辅导员胜任力模型研究

采用文献分析和问卷调查法建立了高校辅导员胜任力指标体系,并利用AHP法确定各级指标权重,构建了高校辅导员胜任力动态评价模型和三维立体模型,从辅导员选聘、评估和培训等方面论述了该模型的具体应用。     

创业融资控制权安排研究——创业者激励与约束视角

基于对创业者"中心签约人"的认识,本文认为创业者融资控制权安排可以从创业者激励与约束视角进行考察.作为一种改进,本文引入投资者外部预警系统和内部监控系统,并以此考察两系统中的创业者激励与约束视角下的控制权安排.作为考察的基础,本文给出了投资者和创业者的期望利润基本模型.在对基本模型进行分析的基础上,本文探讨了创业融资的基本条件,优先清偿权与创业者激励,投资者撤资权与创业者约束,投资者创业者更换权与创业者激励约束,以及投资者和创业者的最优股权比例确定.     

Entrepreneurial Hustle: Navigating Uncertainty and Enrolling Venture Stakeholders through Urgent and Unorthodox Action

Entrepreneurs need to act under conditions of uncertainty and resource constraints to bring new, often-unrecognizable products to market and convince an unknown set of stakeholders to support their endeavours. The type of action entrepreneurs take to navigate uncertain entrepreneurial contexts is underspecified. We analysed 48 interviews with entrepreneurs to inductively identify an action-oriented construct we labelled as entrepreneurial hustle – an entrepreneur’s urgent, unorthodox actions that are intended to be useful in addressing immediate challenges and opportunities under conditions of uncertainty. In a follow-up study, we use an experimental vignette approach to assess the impact of an entrepreneur’s hustle on venture stakeholders. Findings suggest that entrepreneurial hustle positively influences stakeholder perceptions of the entrepreneur’s leadership effectiveness and a venture’s legitimacy, mediated by perceptions of the entrepreneur’s ability-based trustworthiness. We conclude that entrepreneurial hustle is a fundamental behaviour that enables entrepreneurs to enrol new venture stakeholders and lead their entrepreneurial efforts.     

A cross cultural study of gender-role orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy

The study of gender differences in entrepreneurial self-efficacy to date has produced inconclusive results. Cross-cultural studies are virtually non-existent. The present study seeks to understand the complex interplay of biological sex, socialized gender-roles, and culture on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and motivation to become an entrepreneur. Findings indicate that among American business students the traditional view of “entrepreneur as male” is fading. For the next generation of business leaders and entrepreneurs, a new entrepreneur stereotype is emerging that balances stereotypical feminine and masculine characteristics. These findings were not replicated in Spain where traditional gender-role stereotypes associated with entrepreneurship persist, even among business students. Implications for entrepreneurial education are discussed as they relate to the development of skills associated with venture creation.     

Does the ideal entrepreneurial team exist?

Up until now, studies on entrepreneurs and their relationship to business performance have focused primarily on analyzing the entrepreneur as an individual. While studies have been conducted on the entrepreneurial team, their focus has centered on team size and degree of diversity - cultural, age, gender - leaving a gap in the analysis of the effect of a team’s competencies on the outcome of the ventures. This research aims to help fill this gap by using the psychometric instrument DISC. This research analyzes entrepreneurship by opportunity, evaluating the performance of 109 Colombian companies and the composition of their entrepreneurial teams. The results obtained provide the basis for better understanding of the make-up of entrepreneurial teams, considering the variances and interdependencies of the competency development level among their members. They reveal that identifying the similarity or heterogeneity in certain groups of competencies, as well as how developed they are, can have an impact on the ventures’ success. The cluster analysis carried out suggests that highly developed competencies associated with the ‘dominance’ dimension in the members of an entrepreneurial team are essential. These must be above-average in heterogeneous levels among the team members. They must also be accompanied by the ‘steadiness’ competency provided by the team-oriented partners, as well as an average, homogeneous level of competencies associated with ‘conscientiousness’ if the new business is to achieve good financial results in its early years. The ‘influence’ dimension did not play a significant role. The teams made up of more homogeneous partners obtained the poorest financial results. Furthermore, the study provides new perspectives for measuring business performance in a venture, as well as for evaluating the relationships between the entrepreneurial team's competencies and the company’s results in the first years of business. Accordingly, it offers inputs for future research.

     

谁是最佳创业导师?

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The entrepreneurial process: an integrated model

In this study, a model for examining the process of how a person becomes an entrepreneur was developed by integrating planned behavior theory (PBT) with motivation-opportunity-ability (MOA) theory. The model posits that motivation, opportunity, and ability affect entrepreneurial intentions through personal attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. A sample of 258 valid questionnaires was collected from entrepreneurial training-course participants in Taiwan. Based on this sample, a structural-equation analysis reveals several interesting results. First, personal attitude and perceived behavior control have a direct effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Second, subjective norms indirectly affect entrepreneurial intentions through personal attitude and perceived behavior control. Third, motivation affects entrepreneurial intentions through personal attitude and perceived behavioral control. Fourth, ability exhibits a directly positive association with entrepreneurial intentions, and indirectly affects entrepreneurial intentions through perceived behavioral control. Fifth, subjective norms affect entrepreneurial intentions through personal attitude and perceived behavioral control. These findings suggest that our model provides more information than those offered by PBT or MOA in understanding the process of becoming an entrepreneur.     

Determinants of agricultural entrepreneurship: a GEM data based study

The aim of this study is to explain the determinants of entrepreneurship in agriculture industry. What are the drivers of early stage entrepreneurial activity of agri-business entrepreneur and how it is influenced by various cognitive and social capital factors? To answers these questions various driving factors of entrepreneurial activity have been explored from the literature. To achieve the objective, the study uses APS (Adult Population Survey) 2013 data of 69 countries provided by GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor). Total number of respondents 1470, those who are alone or with others, currently trying to start a new business, including any self-employment or selling any goods or services to others in Agriculture Industry, were selected from the data set. To measure the influence of cognitive and social capital factors on early stage entrepreneurial activity logistic regression was employed. The findings show that those who see entrepreneurial opportunities, are confident in their own skills and ability, having personal relationship or social networks with existing entrepreneurs, and have invested in others business as business angels are more likely to become an entrepreneur. Additionally, fear of failure or risk perception does not prevent people to become entrepreneur. Policy implications have been discussed. This is one the first study of its kind and contributes to the existing literature by explaining agricultural entrepreneurship through an integrated approach of entrepreneurial cognition and social networking.

     

企业成长中的企业家社会资本研究

在企业持续成长的过程中,企业家行为是企业经营的决定性因素,而其中企业家社会资本是决定其成功的重要因素。在企业持续成长的不同阶段,企业家社会资本对于把握市场机会、降低经营风险、推动组织创新都起到重要作用。为了培育企业家社会资本,必须提升企业家信用水平,扩大企业家关系网络并构建信任的制度环境。     

Entrepreneurship in a theory of capital and finance—Illustrating the use of subjective quantification

In order to identify an entrepreneurial opportunity, calculation is required. The entrepreneur must do more than simply perceive an opportunity to do something new to create value in the marketplace. Insofar as alternative possible actions exist, the entrepreneur must choose between them. And even as the chosen opportunity is pursued, he must choose between alternative modes of production and organization in the ongoing combination of resources. The details of the kind of calculation required have been left mostly implicit in the literature. This article borrows from the finance literature to suggest a general and universal framework for such calculation and to offer one possible more specific method for using that framework for ongoing entrepreneurial judgment calls. We describe the familiar context in which entrepreneurial decisions occur and reiterate the importance of understanding the nature of capital in such a context of subjective value, uncertainty, and entrepreneurial imagination. We describe the familiar universal present value arithmetic and how it applies to entrepreneurial calculation. Finally, we take a deeper look at this framework, providing an example of one method of analysis used in financial management.     

谈树立高职院校服装专业学生创业观的途径

高职院校服装专业学生的创业观需要从环境氛围的营造、理论的引导、实践的检验等方面加以引导与激发,学生的创业观才会慢慢确立。创业氛围的营造是树立学生创业观的环境基础,创业理论的学习是树立学生创业观念的理论基础,创业实践的进行是树立学生创业观的行动基础。学习无止境,实践无止境,创业的学生要以实践为出发点和落脚点,与时俱进,才能树立良好的创业观。     

Identity in entrepreneurship effectuation theory: a supplementary framework

The article proposes a new framework on identity construction in entrepreneurship that in valuable ways supplements the logic of identity presented in Sarasvathy??s (2001, 2008) popular effectuation theory. Effectuation theory assumes that identity is a given and relative stable precondition of the entrepreneurial process that support the entrepreneur in ordering preferences in the process of effectuating resources, stakeholder commitment, etc.. The article shows that identity construction is an active and integral part of the effectuation process, and it importantly influences the manner in which the entrepreneur acts and makes decisions in the process. The article seeks to challenge and advance effectuation theory??s view on identity based on a narrative study of ten novice student entrepreneurs. The study gives insight into the identity processes involved in becoming a student entrepreneur, and it may serve as a guide to how entrepreneurship educators and counselors can place more emphasis on identity related struggles involved in the entrepreneurial effectuation process.