大学生创业心理品质及培养策略

在社会高度关注大学生创业的情况下,大学生创业心理品质也成为社会关注的话题。通过调查分析了大学生创业现状、创业模式、创业心理品质和创业团队建设,提出了开设创业课程、开展课外活动、培训创业师资和设立创业咨询服务机构,完善对大学生创业心理品质的培养。     

大学生创业难点及对策实证调研与分析——以武汉市为例

为了全面、系统地了解大学生创业现状、创业难点及解决对策,课题组采取问卷调查和访谈形式,先后对武汉十三所高校进行实地调研,通过对大学生创业认识、创业教育和政策的认识、创业准备和创业选择、创业障碍和需要等四个方面的调研分析,更加确切地定位了大学生创业难点,同时也提出了更具针对性的解决对策,以期对大学生创业有所裨益。     

对吉林大学学生创业现状及未来工作方向的研究

本文调查并研究了创业现状和吉林大学学生的创业选择,从各个角度对创业进行全方面分析,文中具体通过调查列举创业选择,通过结构化访谈和创业校友采访对创业的优势和劣势进行列举和剖析,认为我国当前鼓励"大众创业,万众创新",但创业成功率和创业环境依旧有待提高,创业形式有待创新。本文从教育、科研、指导方针、企业模式等多角度剖析创业道路上的挑战与困难。研究意义在于立足大学创业教育、创业比赛、创业实践基地、未来行业方向等角度引导大学生树立新的创业观,使大学生通过数据和实例对创业有新的认识和理解,减少未来创业道路上的障碍,为有创业梦想的人提供指导思想和指导方针,同时为创业者提出了指导与建议。     

大学生创业政策体系的研究——天津市大学生创业政策的调查

促进大学生创业活动需要建立起完善的大学生创业政策体系。本文在对国内外创业政策理论综述的基础上,发现大学生创业政策体系包括六个方面的内容,即大学生创业的战略、监管政策环境、创业教育和技能的开发、技术交流和创新、金融支持和创业意识。本文以天津市大学生创业者为研究样本,对大学生的创业政策体系进行了全面分析和评价,并提出了完善大学生创业政策体系的对策。     

基于电子商务的高职院校大学生创业教育研究

在大众创业、万众创新的时代背景下,随着电子商务飞速发展,越来越多的高职院校大学生选择电子商务创业。因此,将电子商务与创业教育结合,充分利用电子商务的优势,开展电子商务创业教育,培养学生创业意识和创新精神,提高学生创新创业能力,已成为当前高职院校培养创业型人才的重要课题。本文分析了高职院校大学生电子商务创业教育现状,提出了适用于高职院校的"理论实践并重"的电子商务创业教育课程体系,并从培养电子商务创业意识、健全电子商务创业激励机制、师资队伍建设、精准帮扶创业学生和充分利用校内外资源组织学生进行创业实践等方面提出了建议。     

职业技能竞赛背景下,探讨大学生创业素质的提升

在面临就业形势不容乐观的整体情况下,大学生开始了人生的创业旅途。职业技能竞赛的开展为大学生创业提供了难得的创业教育和锻炼机会。本文在对大学生创业素质现状进行剖析后,以职业技能竞赛为背景,从创业意识、创业身心素质、创业能力素质和创业专业知识素质四个要素来探讨大学生创业素质的提升。     

创业机会评价指标体系构建

创业是一个识别、开发和利用创业机会的过程,创业机会评价是创业活动的重要组成部分,本文首先对创业机会评价的基本概念进行了界定;然后在了解国内外创业评价指标体系的基础上,结合实证,借鉴平衡记分卡理论,从创业机会、创业团队及创业资源相结合的角度,尝试构建了适合中国国情的创业机会评价指标体系.     

新闻视角下高职院校创业教育改革的思考

如今的报纸、互联网,以及身边耳详目熟的创业案例在告诉我们,加强高等职业院校创新创业教育已经站在了新的历史舞台。本文分析了高等职业院校创新创业教育改革的背景,从创新创业教育政策和制度、创新创业教育课程模块、创业体验教育、创业教育人才培养模式、创业教学团队建设等方面进行了初步思考。     

关于培养职业院校创业素养的分析思考

职业院校创业教育的重点是对学生创业能力、创业品质、创业精神和创业意识的培养。职业院校应加大对学生创业能力培养的重视力度,并以此来建设良好的院校创业文化,通过实践教学提升学生的创业能力。创业教育是一项系统而复杂的大工程,是对课堂中理论知识的创造性实践运用。文章分析了我国职业院校创业教育中的问题,提出了相应的解决对策,针对职业院校在创业和就业中所面临的实际问题以及学生创业能力的不同进行了探讨,希望为改进和加强我国职业院校创业教学提供借鉴。     

大学生创业现状、成因及对策探析

本文通过对当前大学生创业的"三低"现状及成因分析,从大学生创业素质的自我培养、创业教育和培训、创业环境的优化、创业实践的开展和大学生创业经验的获取"五对策"探讨了如何提高大学生创业能力的问题。     

(S)training experiences: Toward understanding decreases in entrepreneurial self-efficacy during action-oriented entrepreneurship training

While most participants benefit from action-oriented entrepreneurship training, such programs can paradoxically also have negative effects. Training programs in which participants actively engage in entrepreneurship involve facing problems that might be too difficult to overcome, potentially decreasing trainees' entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Based on theories of self-regulation, we argue that error mastery orientation is a factor that explains under which condition problems do or do not lead to decreases in entrepreneurial self-efficacy during training. To test our model, we conducted a 12-week action-oriented training program and applied a longitudinal design with one baseline measurement, seven measurements during training, and one measurement after training. Analyses based on 415 lagged observations from 109 training participants indicated that participants with low error mastery orientation experienced decreases in entrepreneurial self-efficacy during training when facing problems. In contrast, participants high in error mastery orientation could buffer the negative effects of problems on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Our results suggest that error mastery orientation is a critical factor to understand why participants' episodic experiences of problems during training negatively influence their entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Shedding light on these self-regulatory factors advances the understanding of the potential dark side of action-oriented entrepreneurship training.     

工商管理类专业学生创业能力解构与培养对策——以怀化学院工商管理系为例

工商管理类学生创业能力的培养,是新形势下高校适应市场需要的教育任务之一。目前,大多数学校在创业教育上缺乏系统的培养计划,忽视创业精神的培养,缺乏专业的师资队伍、广阔的实践平台和浓郁的环境氛围。应从优化人才培养方案、强化师资建设、营造环境氛围、加强创业实践等方面采取对策,以提高工商管理类学生的创业能力。     

ERP实训对大学生创业的意义

ERP作为一种实用性教学手段,已逐步推广到各高校。ERP实践教学体系主要由ERP沙盘模拟和ERP软件培训两部分组成。通过ERP教学手段的实施,能够让更多有志于创业的大学生在培训的过程中加深创业意识,增强创业理念,提高创业的积极性。     

基于GEM模型的徐州大学生创业环境评价研究

良好的创业环境可以推动并优化创业活动。针对大学生创业的特点．利用GEM模型,对徐州市大学生创业环境进行评价。75份问卷调查结果表明徐州市大学生创业环境良好．调查显示资金支持是影响大学生创业环境最关键的要素。徐州市的创业政策在资金支持、项目和培训、研究开发转移等方面还有待改善。对于非高科技的大学生创业者也应该加大相关的政策支持．     

让高校创业孵化园成为大学生成功创业的助推器——基于在常州本科高校大学生创业现状的调查分析

依托大学生创新创业训练计划项目,对大学生创业现状进行调查,以期高校政府协作建设好大学生创业孵化园,让有创业意愿、优质创业项目的大学生进驻高校创业孵化园,通过孵化园良好的政策支持、场地优惠、环境氛围、资金筹措、技术指导、管理服务等助推大学生创业成功。     

创新创业文化导向下创业型商科人才培养路径探索

在应用型本科院校商科专业中倡导创业意识、构建创业文化氛围、实施有效的创业教育是实现其培养目标的重要途径。文章分析了目前创业教育在应用型商科学生培养中遇到的问题;解析了创业文化导向对培养商科创业型人才的重要意义;对创业型商科人才培养的优化路径进行了创新性探索。     

共享经济下高校大学生创新创业人才培养保障体系研究

以创新创业教育为导向的高等教育改革成为当前高等教育改革的重要任务.基于共享经济理论指导,论文构建高校大学生创新创业人才培养保障体系的框架;从组织、制度、平台、资源保障四个方面分析创新创业人才培养保障体系的构成要素.最后,分析了高校创新创业人才培养保障体系的利益共享机制、资源整合机制和分工协作机制.     

Corporate Entrepreneurs or Rogue Middle Managers? A Framework for Ethical Corporate Entrepreneurship

Corporate entrepreneurs -- described in the academic literature as those managers or employees who do not follow the status quo of their co-workers -- are depicted as visionaries who dream of taking the company in new directions. As a result, though, in overcoming internal obstacles to reaching their professional goals they can often walk a fine line between clever resourcefulness and outright rule breaking. A framework is presented as a guideline for middle managers and organizations seeking to impede unethical behaviors in the pursuit of entrepreneurial activity. This paper examines the barriers middle managers face in trying to be entrepreneurial in less supportive environments, the ethical consequences that can result, and a suggested assessment and training program for averting such dilemmas. We advise companies that embrace corporate entrepreneurship: (1) establish the needed flexibility, innovation, and employee initiative and risk-taking; (2) remove the barriers that the entrepreneurial middle manager may face to more closely align personal and organizational initiatives and reduce the need to behave unethically; and (3) include an ethical component to corporate training which will provide guidelines for instituting compliance and values components into the state-of-the-art corporate entrepreneurship programs.     

Motivations and Obstacles for Small Business Entrepreneurship in Russia: Fifteen Years in Transition

A longitudinal survey of small business entrepreneurs was conducted in Russia in two stages: in 1994 and in 2008. This study examined entrepreneurial climate and developments in Russia's small businesses with a focus on motivations and obstacles in starting up and operating businesses. It also aimed at analyzing entrepreneurs’ needs for training, consulting, and other types of assistance in a comparative context. Russia's climate for small and medium enterprises (SME) and entrepreneurship has improved, although it is still a work in progress. The 2008 survey indicated younger age, greater share of female entrepreneurs, and remaining small size of the firms. Though the level of SME entrepreneurial activities in Russia is still lower than in major developed economies, the gap is diminishing. Thise study found no significant differences between 1994 and 2008 in terms of entrepreneurial motivations and obstacles; several shifts and trends in motivations and obstacles were identified in their relative importance in SME dynamics.     

A structural model of the effects of entrepreneurial characteristics on venture performance

Venture capitalists, “angel” investors, and experienced, successful entrepreneurs, when asked to identify the most important determinant of new venture performance, will undoubtedly answer “the entrepreneur.” Likewise, prominent academic scholars responsible for the accelerating development of entrepreneurship theory and research would almost always agree. Unfortunately, empirical and theoretical understanding of the influence of the entrepreneur on new venture performance (NVP) has long been stymied. Studies of entrepreneurial characteristics have failed to demonstrate convincing links with entrepreneurial states of being or with NVP, though studies of the former have shown more promise than have those of the latter. In an attempt to explain the failure to link entrepreneurial characteristics with performance and thus to stimulate and modify research agendas, this paper derives a structural, causal model of the relationships between entrepreneurial characteristics and performance. This derivation draws upon current psychological, management, economic, and entrepreneurship theory.Though there is considerable controversy in the field of psychology concerning the ability of personality traits to explain behavior, it is accepted by many that such traits do exist, that they are stable over time, and that they explain behaviors if the level of aggregation is wide enough. In 1988, Hollenbeck and Whitener noted that one of the problems in using personality traits to explain job performance was that such traits are mediated by motivation and moderated by abilities in their causal connection to performance. Thus personality traits are somewhat removed from performance in the causal chain of events. Applied to the study of the entrepreneur, this research suggests that an initial model of the “entrepreneurial characteristics → NVP” relationship must include the mediating role of motivation and the moderating role of entrepreneurial management abilities.This paper further redefines this emerging model of “entrepreneurial characteristics → NVP” by drawing upon other literature from the field of psychology. This literature suggests that “entrepreneurial behavior” and the context in which it is performed both intervene between motivation and ability in their relation to NVP. The paper concludes this section with a psychology-based model of the “characteristics → NVP” relationship that is more comprehensive and realistic than prior models in the entrepreneurship literature.The paper next draws from strategic management, entrepreneurship, and economics literature along with Sandberg's (1986) model of NVP [NVP = f(E,IS,S)] to show that any model of the connection between entrepreneurial characteristics and NVP must further recognize the relationship between strategy and NVP as well as industry structure and NVP. The resultant model suggests strategy and industry structure are “context” variables that interdependently interact with entrepreneurial behaviors to influence NVP. This adaptation of the model is reinforced and expanded by reviewing the management literature on matching managers to situations which in turn implies that the effects of entrepreneurial behaviors on NVP are contingent upon strategy and industry structure. Thus strategy and industry structure, though ultimately determined by entrepreneurial behavior, are themselves important inputs to the behavioral context of entrepreneurship.The last part of the paper examines decision-making, skills, aptitudes, and training as components helping to refine our understanding of the role of motivation as a mediator and ability as a moderator in a model of the “entrepreneurial characteristics → NVP” relationship. The intent here is to identify specific variables that can be studied or acted upon [in an applied sense] to improve the NVP impact of entrepreneurial behaviors.It is hoped that explication of this model will encourage future entrepreneurship research that seeks to examine causes of NVP to reintroduce “the entrepreneur” as the focus or a focus of the research. Hopefully a more fully developed model that includes motivations, abilities, skills, aptitudes, and training as elements in “modeling” entrepreneurial behavior along with the need for strategy and industry structure contexts provides a more compelling and risk-worthy starting point for such research. This should provide an impetus to put the entrepreneur back. into a central position in entrepreneurship research, where both theory and practitioners say he/she belongs.