企业社会责任与风险管理——基于社会风险视角的分析

本文从阐述企业必须承担的社会责任入手,将社会责任分为强制性社会责任和自主性社会责任两大类,在界定社会责任收益、社会责任成本等概念的基础上,从企业的角度定义了社会风险,认为每个企业都存在最优社会责任履行水平,但由于强制性社会责任履行要求超过企业自身的最优水平,导致社会责任收益小于社会责任成本,从而产生了社会风险并不断累积;但超越强制性的自主性社会责任会给公司带来更多的社会责任收益,有利于规避社会风险。     

企业社会责任对战略风险的影响

企业社会责任已经成为企业能否走上可持续发展之路的重要保障,面对突如其来的疫情,“风险”一词进入大众视野,疫情带来的影响,让企业深深感受到现在正处于一个典型的风险社会。企业如何应对风险,做好风险管理是将要面临的新挑战。这些使得我们将企业社会责任(CSR)与风险管理联系在一起,从企业战略出发探讨社会责任和企业风险的联系,揭示二者之间的内在联系,一是具有促进企业自主履行社会责任,减小企业风险的实践意义;二是有助于推动拓展企业社会责任与战略风险的相关研究。     

基于平衡记分卡视角下的企业社会责任风险体系探析

企业作为社会经济活动的基本单元,必然要和企业外的社会元素发生关系。企业在生存与发展中既要承担社会责任,又要承担社会责任风险。企业的社会责任是自愿自行承担的,外延较广泛。企业社会责任风险包括底线责任风险、伦理责任风险、自愿责任风险、共赢责任风险。运用平衡记分卡对企业社会责任风险的四个方面进行研究,结果表明,企业要实现可持续发展应将风险控制放在首位,学习先进的管理技术,平衡好内、外部的关系,处理好企业、社会和环境的关系。     

企业社会责任内部控制效率低下的原因探析

在市场经济深化改革的今天,风险的种类和显露程度逐渐扩大,尤其是社会责任风险使得企业的风险边界逐步提高。本文探讨企业内部控制中社会责任的嵌入,分析二者之间的关系。从利益相关者均衡角度出发,主要分析企业社会责任内部控制效率低下的原因,有助于实现企业与职工、社会、自然的健康和谐发展。     

企业社会责任的风险控制研究

企业在经济发展中有举足轻重的地位,企业是否应该承担社会责任一直是一个具有争议的话题。确实,企业首先要生存,但生存与社会责任不是对立的,而是相互促进与发展的。近年来,企业社会责任越来越受到人们的重视,更多的企业开始承担一定的社会责任。本文从企业所面临的风险视角下,讨论企业如何防范控制风险,以期让企业更好发展,为社会做出更大贡献。     

构建企业社会责任嵌入的内部控制框架

近几年来,我国企业社会责任缺失的现象逐年增多。将企业社会责任嵌入到内部控制范畴中,对风险的识别、应对和防范起到积极作用。本文探讨企业内部控制中社会责任的嵌入,将社会责任因素纳入内部控制体系中,以期实现企业与职工、社会、自然的健康和谐发展。     

基于社会责任的企业全面风险管理框架体系建构

随着ISO2600的颁布,企业的社会责任有了更新更全面的界定。本文将全新的企业社会责任理念融入到企业最新的风险管理过程中,为企业社会责任和企业风险管理之间的融合打下理论基础;同时在借鉴COSO-ERM基础上,为自建的全面风险管理的框架结构找到有效接口,并融入社会责任,引起全面风险管理各要素的变化,这不仅使企业规避风险、修复风险于无形之中,同时也是将企业社会责任融入企业管理、践行企业社会责任的有效路径。     

可持续供应链管理的企业社会责任风险评价研究

目前,我国的现代企业竞争已经由品牌竞争转向供应链竞争,可持续供应链管理中企业承担的社会风险责任是企业提高竞争力的优势,也顺应了社会责任趋于标准化的要求。本文就基于可持续供应链管理的企业社会责任风险进行评价研究,并提出怎样与其他相关企业进行合作。     

IT视野下的企业社会责任

本文对agent平台NETLOGOS上的一个仿真例子对进行了社会责任作一个形象的阐述,并进一步深化了社会责任风险的概念。企业本身要从传统的内指性的风险管理狭隘的范围中走出去,在信息化建设中全面考虑社会责任风险。在社会方面,则积极发展组织自动化,这包括行业执业人保险信息系统和行业企业社会责任信息系统两方面的建设。     

我国推行社会责任会计的必要性及对策

建立社会责任会计的主要理论依据是“外部效应”理论和可持续发展理论。我国推行社会责任会计有利于满足会计资料使用者了解企业履行社会责任的需要、有利于规范企业行为、有利于落实科学发展观等。推行社会责任会计应采取以下对策:建立健全企业社会责任的法律法规体系,强化企业社会责任意识;加强社会责任会计的理论研究;借鉴西方发达国家的经验;制定“企业社会责任具体会计准则”,并强化对企业履行社会责任的审计监督。     

Analysis of Social Performance in the Spanish Financial Industry Through Public Data. A Proposal

Banking firms are becoming increasingly aware that their clients’ management of environmental and social risks may in term threaten their own business as lenders and investors. In addition, stakeholders are requiring banks to improve their social performance. As a result, some banks are developing corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and management systems to reduce potential risks and improve their performance. In the Spanish financial system, half of the banking firms are savings banks, most of which have always used some Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) criteria in their management. Private Banks have only recently started to integrate social aspects in their performance. However, no formal analysis has been carried out on the impact of CSR strategies. Various initiatives have been launched nationally and internationally to include the social dimension in management systems. The purpose of this research is to analyse the social performance of the main Spanish financial companies through public data such as social or sustainability reports and media sources. In order to do this, we need to determine which CSR criteria most greatly affect banking firms and to choose the most accurate quantitative and qualitative indicators to measure social performance.     

Taming Trojan Horses: Identifying and Mitigating Corporate Social Responsibility Risks

Organizations are exposed to increasing pressures from their constituents to integrate corporate social responsibility (CSR) principles into their ongoing business practices. But accepting new and potentially open-ended commitments is not a harmless exercise, and companies may well expose themselves to serious risks when embracing such principles. To identify these risks, we conducted two naturalistic studies: one exploratory, the other corroborative. The results show that CSR adoption is associated with at least seven different business risks, ranging from failing strategy implementation to legitimacy destruction. To alleviate these risks, we discuss a set of managerial mitigation strategies that have the potential to realign companies’ CSR activities with their strategic objectives. Pursey Heugens is an Associate Professor of Organization Theory in the Department of Business-Society Management at RSM Erasmus University. He received his PhD from the same school. His research interests span positive and normative theories of organizaton, including bureaucracy theory, neo-institutional theory, contractualist business ethics, and virtue ethics. Nikolay Dentchev is an independent research fellow at Ghent University, Belgium, and a project coordinator at the corporate venturing department of Fortis Group (Fortis Venturing). He holds a Ph.D. in business economics from Ghent University. His current research is related to entrepreneurship, instrumental stakeholder theory, and management challenges of corporate social responsibility     

Roadmapping Corporate Social Responsibility in Finnish Companies

This paper presents a roadmap of Finnish companies adopting and managing corporate social responsibility (CSR). It discusses the companies' views on CSR and highlights the practices that Finnish companies have adopted or are currently adopting. It also presents a framework that outlines the CSR processes and management prospects.Results showed that Finnish companies are progressively managing CSR. This newly revived thinking about social responsibility is viewed as an issue traced back from Finland's history of industrial development. There is no general definition of CSR; however, various concepts are connoted into it. Driven by several factors, CSR is developing gradually as indicated by the positive responses and initiatives of the companies.CSR management and practices towards employees, suppliers, community and customers are well defined locally based generally on established socially responsible behavior which could be articulated by laws and regulations, corporate values and business ethics. However, managing CSR with a global scope, problems such as; lack of information and structured management system, different views and interpretations, supply chain complexities, overlap with environmental issues, etc. often lead some companies to manage CSR haphazardly. Views and management of CSR are also influenced by some distinct Finnish cultural attributes.An initial conceptual framework for CSR is drawn reflecting the current practices and prospects for management strategies. Such framework can be used in organizing and streamlining CSR elements for effective management approaches and measuring of performance. It could be expected that in due time, the efforts of the companies will become more evident, organized and systematically managed.     

CSR and the national institutional context: The case of South Korea

The different institutional contexts in which businesses practice corporate social responsibility (CSR) lead researchers to challenge the validity of the extant standardized global approach. This study follows recent studies in employing institutional theory to explore the specific pressures and factors that lead CSR practices to differ between countries, and how they lead to those differences. The study is a detailed qualitative analysis of CSR practice in South Korea, a country with very different value and governance systems from the US and UK where contemporary CSR evolved. Contrary to simplistic expectations, Korea shows a concern for short-termism more than for sustainability; and a normative more than a strategic orientation in its CSR, where CSR lies at a crossroads between implicit and explicit CSR behavior. The practices reflect many Korean institutional factors, but not in simple and direct ways. Institutional factors interact in intricate ways to create complex and dynamic pressures for CSR practice. CSR research needs to consider these interactions and dynamic processes with care and institutional theory can help provide a sufficiently intricate research framework.     

Corporate social responsibility: Findings from the Chinese hospitality industry

The study investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on consumers’ attitudinal and behavioral responses, factors closely related to a firm's social and economic performance, using data from 451 customers of three hotels. We also test the universality of such impact across various consumer groups. Results show that CSR positively affects perceived corporate reputation and customer satisfaction, which in turn, significantly affect customer commitment and behavioral responses (i.e., loyalty intentions and word-of-mouth). Perhaps more importantly, the role of CSR is not universal across consumer groups. Particularly, consumer income seems to moderate the relationship between CSR and perceived reputation. Specifically, the positive effect of CSR on perceived corporate reputation is more salient among people with a higher income. Managerial implications are discussed.     

The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance: An Application of Quantile Regression

This study empirically examines the relationship between a firm’s fulfilling of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and performance. We developed a CSR index (CSRI) to quantitatively evaluate CSR, which consists of four dimensions measuring a firm’s contributions to the economy, society, environment, and corporate governance, respectively. With data from publicly-listed firms in Taiwan during the period of 2004–2009, results of quantile regression show that fulfilling CSR has a significantly positive impact on firm performance, and that the impact in a more profitable firm tends to be significantly greater than that in a less profitable firm. Specifically, when a firm is more profitable, its management would be more willing to implement CSR. The implication is that a firm could pursue better performance while serving as a good corporate citizen.     

The role of the audit committee in enhancing the credibility of CSR disclosure: Evidence from STOXX Europe 600 members

This study examines the influence of audit committee attributes, namely financial expertise, independence, meeting frequency and size, on the adoption of CSR assurance. The study also offers insight into the effect of audit committee attributes on the scope and level of CSR assurance and the selection of CSR assurance providers. Contextually, this is achieved using a sample of European companies listed on the STOXX 600 index over the period 2012–2018. The findings show that attributes related to audit committee financial expertise, audit committee independence and audit committee meeting frequency and the existence of a CSR committee, are positively linked with the adoption of CSR assurance. Moreover, our empirical analysis further highlights the critical role of audit committee financial expert members in enhancing the scope and level of CSR assurance. Furthermore, audit committee with more frequent meetings lead to higher assurance scopes. Our findings offer significant and multidimensional insights for regulators, policymakers and professionals, regarding the revision and establishment of regulations concerning the audit committee structure.     

The influence of a retailer's corporate social responsibility program on re-conceptualizing store image

The construct of retail store image is typically built based on a variety of the store's functional attributes. This conceptualization fails to consider the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) polices and practices in forming store image. Results from a study of 460 consumers indicate CSR influences consumer store image. CSR is particularly effective at influencing store image when the retailer experiences a positive performance perception among its customers. Consumers shopping at such stores are more receptive to CSR programs, and experience significant increases in their level of satisfaction and loyalty to the store through the addition of these programs.     

Investigating the direct and indirect effects of corporate hypocrisy and perceived corporate reputation on consumers’ attitudes toward the company

Consumers are placing increasing importance on the social responsibility of firms when making purchase decisions. Nonetheless, corporate irresponsibility has become more prevalent in the corporate world. Through corporate social responsibility (CSR), companies can showcase their virtues and appear as good citizens while ignoring many internal standards. Hence, the primary purpose of this study was to explore the impact of corporate hypocrisy on CSR belief, corporate reputation, and consumers’ attitudes toward a company that may have a bad reputation. Second, we investigated the mediating effect of CSR belief and perceived corporate reputation on the relationships between corporate hypocrisy and consumers’ attitudes toward the company. We asked a sample of respondents in Australia (n =518) to respond to a real CSR campaign launched by a beer company. The results showed that CSR belief mediates the relationship between corporate hypocrisy and consumers’ attitudes toward the company. The results indicated a perception that companies may use CSR to try to shift the blame from producers to users. The results of this study provide guidelines for managers, social marketers, and public policy makers on how to create and evaluate companies’ CSR campaigns. The results of this study contribute to the debate on how consumers respond to various CSR campaigns as well as the intended or unintended consequences of CSR in directing consumers’ attention away from the negative impacts businesses have on society.     

Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Ratings by Spanish Listed Firms

The aim of this paper is to analyze whether a number of firm and industry characteristics, as well as media exposure, are potential determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure practices by Spanish listed firms. Empirical studies have shown that CSR disclosure activism varies across companies, industries, and time (Gray et al., Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 8(2), 47–77, 1995; Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 28(3/4), 327–356, 2001; Hackston and Milne, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 9(1), 77–108, 1996; Cormier and Magnan, Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting 1(2), 171–195, 2003; Cormier et al., European Accounting Review 14(1), 3–39, 2005), which is usually justified by reference to several theoretical constructs, such as the legitimacy, stakeholder, and agency theories. Our findings evidence that firms with higher CSR ratings present a statistically significant larger size and a higher media exposure, and belong to more environmentally sensitive industries, as compared to firms with lower CSR ratings. However, neither profitability nor leverage seem to explain differences in CSR disclosure practices between Spanish listed firms. The most influential variable for explaining firms’ variation in CSR ratings is media exposure, followed by size and industry. Therefore, it seems that the legitimacy theory, as captured by those variables related to public or social visibility, is the most relevant theory for explaining CSR disclosure practices of Spanish listed firms.