Brexit – Auswirkungen auf den deutschen und europäischen Luftverkehr

A Brexit would have notable impact on air traffic in Germany and Europe. Approximately a quarter of all intra-European flights would potentially be affected. Up to 14% are likely to become impossible under new post-Brexit legal arrangements.These endangered connections are mainly served by Ryanair and easyJet. In case the two low cost carriers restructured their businesses, the European market’s supply structure could change distinctly. On the demand side (regardless of supply side and exchange rate effects) the forecasted economic downturn would lead to a decrease in German air traffic growth by 0.1%-points.     

Under what institutional conditions does overseas business knowledge contribute to firm performance?

We examine the extent to which the impact of the overseas business knowledge transferred by returnee entrepreneurs on firm performance is conditional on institutional factors. The findings show that informal institutional differences between the home and host countries strengthen the positive impact of overseas business knowledge on the performance of returnee-founded firms. There is a complementarity between informal institutional differences and local government policy support which jointly enhance the positive impact of overseas business knowledge. However, a well-developed local business infrastructure substitutes for the impact of informal institutional differences on the relationship between overseas business knowledge and returnee venture performance.     

Lack of fit between business community and corporate culture: The case of a multinational company in Venezuela

The conflict between the culture of a multinational corporation and the culture of the local business environment in Venezuela is the focus of this study. Corporate culture serves as an integrating mechanism for a corporation that is expanding globally. At the same time, local Latin American managers have their own guidelines for achieving personal success in business dealings. As the two philosophies may not be in harmony, long-time local managers often experience dissatisfaction, causing them to advance their careers through entrepreneurial opportunities at local firms. This loss of management talent is a cost the multinational experiences by adhering to the headquarters culture rather than allowing some adaptation for differences in local business practices. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The demise of the American hegemony in international business research has been greatly exaggerated

The drivers for the internationalization of business teaching and research were multinational corporations, the Cold War, and the relative price advantage of non-America business schools. Yet, the internationalization largely failed to reflect local contexts. The consequent paucity of original local business thought, international or not, exposes non-American business schools to the raid of American-based massive open online courses which will prune off the mainstay courses at emerging market business schools. Deprived of a substantial share of their fee-paying students, the remaining docents at those schools will be less likely to publish altogether, including in fields that might sustain independent thought. Therefore, American-like international business research is likely to have a longer life, more narrowly focused on English-speaking countries and Europe, with even less of a contribution from emerging markets.     

Techno-economic modeling of value network configurations for public wireless local area access

The growing amount of mobile data traffic increases the demand for local area network deployments, and therefore is likely to have an effect on the mobile communications ecosystem. Several alternative value network configurations exist giving new business opportunities to different actors, but the attractiveness and success of local area access provisioning remains uncertain. This article analyzes the business of public local area access from the point of view of two potential providers: service application providers, i.e. companies whose core business is to provide information and content services in the Internet, and mobile operators. A quantitative techno-economic model is constructed to quantify the costs and required revenues of operating viable public local area access networks. The results show that the revenue requirements vary between public venue types and value network configurations.     

Keeping at Arm’s Length or Searching for Social Proximity? Corporate Social Responsibility as a Reciprocal Process Between Small Businesses and the Local Community

This article examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility and locality in the small business context. This issue is addressed by studying the interplay between small businesses and local community based on the embeddedness literature and using the concept of social proximity. On the basis of 25 thematic interviews with owner-managers a typology is constructed which illustrates the owner-managers’ perceptions of the relationship between the business and the local community. The findings emphasize the importance of reciprocity as it is suggested that corporate social responsibility in relation to locality is constructed as a response to the interpretations of reciprocal community support between small business owner-managers and local community.     

A response to Richard Evans

The article argues for the need for business to give a positive lead in society. There are three reasons for this. First, a large multinational can have enormous influence in a local economy, especially in the Third World. Secondly, but much more unusually, business can demonstrate how cooperative endeavour can make profits. Thirdly, business can cooperate with local or central government in education, and training. But such reasons themselves raise questions about accountability and values. The article also discusses why such leadership does not happen more often, looking to the short-term practices of business as the main culprit.     

Establishment modes and network relationships of foreign subsidiaries

This research examines the effects of the establishment mode of foreign subsidiaries (greenfield vs acquisition) on the type of network relationships (social vs business) they develop in local markets. The authors use the network approach to better understand the role played by local subsidiaries for the development of networks in multinational enterprises. The empirical study is based on a dataset covering 120 foreign-owned subsidiaries in Italy. The findings show that acquired subsidiaries are more directly involved in business relationships, whereas greenfield subsidiaries pay more attention to social relationships before building business networks. The establishment mode thus affects the type of network relationships developed by local subsidiaries, which can help them to overcome the liabilities of foreignness and outsidership.     

Learning problems in transnational business education and training: the case of the MBA in Thailand

The transnational Master of Business Administration (MBA) programme has been one of the most popular official business training programmes amongst Thai business practitioners. Although the numbers of transnational business schools and MBA programmes are rapidly increasing, the programmes face numerous challenges from both local and global factors. This empirical study discusses the concept of learning in transnational MBA programmes in the Thai business training and cultural context. By investigating experiences from various key stakeholders, the study highlights various problems related to learning style and culture, learning and languages, the transferability of the Western managerial concept to the Thai context, and the value of Western learning resources for Thai business learners. The implication of the results of this study for the management of transnational programmes is that such management needs to respond to local conditions, regional forces and global factors rather than being locked into a standard model.     

Knowing your boundaries: Integration opportunities in international professional service firms

This study presents three different business models (continuous, repetitious, and unique) identified in international professional service firms that pursue a transnational strategy. These business models have varying opportunities for global integration. We extend the integration–responsiveness framework by offering a framework for analyzing how to balance global integration with local responsiveness when pursuing a transnational strategy. By identifying the content, structure, and governance transactions of the three business models, we can determine when to pursue headquarters-initiated global integration and when to choose strategies that ensure local responsiveness and subsidiary competitiveness in local markets.     

度假区开发利益相关者合作模式研究

度假区的开发管理模式关系到度假区经营的成败,往往也牵涉到地方政府和当地社区的利益。山东蓬莱君顶酒庄度假区开发管理中企业、政府、社区通过相互依存的关系,构建了利于度假区良性发展的三方合作模式,为我国其它度假区探索一条适合我国国情的度假区与地方经济、当地社区共同发展的选择途径。     

试论海外华商经济发展的成就、经验与启示

海外华商经济已经成为当地经济的一股重要力量,也对中国的经济发展作出了杰出的贡献。这些成就的取得一方面得益于成熟的华商网络,另一方面受益于华商的多元化文化,特别是“儒商”文化。我国的经济建设应充分利用海外华商网络,吸收其合理经济文化思想,进行互补性合作,共同谋取更好的发展。     

上海广告产业现状及转型发展所面临的问题

上海市是我国最主要的广告经营中心之一,本文通过对2012年上海市广告企业的普查数据的分析,解读上海市广告产业发展现状。与2011年度的数据统计相比,2012年的统计数据更为准确集中,更真实全面的反映了上海广告产业的现状。数据显示,小型微型广告公司数量占据上海主营广告企业绝大多数,国际广告公司与本土广告公司的经济地位成反比,生活服务仍是本土广告经营服务收入的主业,广告业务收入电视仍是主流,互联网与电影展露锋芒,少量规模庞大的内资广告公司分走较多收益,微型广告公司的广告业利润最低。     

International business mentoring for development: the importance of local context and culture

This research investigates the value of donor‐funded, cross‐cultural business mentoring in a development context. Following a review of the existing literature on cross‐cultural mentoring, it examines the effectiveness of the Pacific Business Mentoring Programme in Samoa through interviews with 23 entrepreneurs and a survey of the New Zealand mentors. Research findings show that mentoring can provide both business and socio‐cultural development outcomes. However, the majority of entrepreneurs believe that their mentor did not have a good understanding of the local cultural context. Some cultural practices appear to be detrimental to running a business, but they add to the resilience of local people and should therefore not be undermined. This research indicates that donor‐funded business mentoring can be an effective tool for development assistance if mentors are sensitive to the local cultural context.     

Defining Conceptual Understanding for Teaching in International Business

The aim of this exploratory study is to develop a definition of conceptual understanding for teaching in international business. In international business, professionals face complex problems like what to produce, where to manufacture, which markets to target, and when to expand abroad. A clear definition of conceptual understanding needed to solve such problems would provide design input for international business education. In three cycles, two independent expert panels with backgrounds in academic research, international business education, and international business practice identified and validated key components of conceptual understanding in international business. Key components are the global and local contexts, general and specific business practices, and theoretical business concepts and mechanisms. Other key characteristics include factual knowledge, explanation, and out-of-the-box thinking.     

The role of networking and commitment in foreign market entry process: Multinational corporations in the Chinese automobile industry

This study addresses the role of business networking and commitment to local market when MNCs enter an emerging market. We investigate the reasons for variations in the speed of MNCs’ foreign market entry. Particularly, we examine whether MNCs’ networking with the key local actors facilitates MNCs’ entry and whether learning and commitment in the context of networking affects the speed of MNCs’ entry process in the Chinese automobile market. The study is based on the experiences of three MNCs, a U.S.-based firm, a European firm, and a Korean firm. Data is collected through in-depth interviews and through secondary sources related to the entry process of these cases. The cases illustrate that speed of foreign market entry is significantly influenced by business networking between MNCs and the key business and socio-political actors, since different types of business networking determine the level of learning and commitment. Our cases also show that the effects of business networking generated during the initial foreign market entry by the MNC may be different than those during sequential entries.     

上海社区商业的现状分析和发展对策研究

中国顺利加入世界贸易组织,上海的商业发展面临极大的挑战,同时也存在巨大的发展空间和机遇。上海商业要在10年前建成的“四街四城”市级商业中心的基础上,让未来5年上海商业发展、建设的重点将转移到社区商业,使上海的市级商业中心和社区商业共同构成上海国际化、现代化、时代化的商业主体。通过在上海社区商业进行实地调研的基础上对上海社区商业的进行分类,根据上海社区商业的现状,对今后上海社区商业的发展提出可操作性和可实现性的具体措施。     

上海发展现代商业模式的对策研究

商业在现代经济中发挥着至关重要的作用,商业的发达程度已经成为衡量一个国家或城市市场经济发达程度的重要标志。进入21世纪以来,发展上海现代商业,探索出适合上海的现代商业模式和对策,是加快上海现代商业发展的关键,对此进行研究具有十分重要的意义。     

Business Sponsorship in British Schools

Is it ethical for a school to accept sponsorship from business, and if so under what conditions? Indeed, given the poor provision of many UK local schools for their pupils is it ethical to refuse business sponsorship? Where does responsibility lie? “To attract and persuade is not an appropriate behaviour in dealing with inexperienced parties.” The author completed her MBA at London Business School in July 1997 and is currently setting up a new family business, The Organic Food Company Ltd.     

Standardisation versus Adaptation: Geographical Pressures to Deviate from Franchise Formats

There is a tension in business format franchising between, on the one hand, standardisation and uniformity and, on the other hand, geographical variations in market conditions and resource availability. Previous research has demonstrated in the case of independent small firms that local geographical conditions influence business strategy. This paper examines whether variations in the local geographical environment, notably in terms of demand and supply side conditions, affect format implementation and whether franchisors permit franchisees to make local adaptations of the format in response to local environmental conditions. The study is based on interviews with 40 UK-based franchisors, all of whom were at the later stages of roll-out or in the consolidation stage of network development. Local variations in the business environment do create a conflict with the need to maintain the uniformity of the franchise format. Adaptation was restricted to peripheral format components. No changes were made to the core format components. Most franchisors recognise that their franchisees are an important source of innovation. However, implementation of franchisee ideas across the system is found in only a minority of cases. These findings link to the franchisee control–autonomy debate, confirming other studies which suggest that franchisees enjoy considerable operational autonomy.