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1.
This paper puts together the non-distortionary liquidity effect of unemployment insurance and job match quality. We identify
a big impact on subsidized unemployment duration and a small impact on wages on the job that follows the unemployment spell.
Wage gains are heterogeneous and concentrated on individuals at the bottom of the pre-unemployment income distribution. The
non-distortionary nature of the liquidity effect reduces the pressure on low-income workers to accept lower productivity jobs.
相似文献
álvaro A. Novo (Corresponding author)Email: |
2.
Ralf Brüggemann 《Empirical Economics》2006,31(2):409-431
In this paper we analyze the sources of German unemployment within a structural vector error correction model (SVECM) framework. For this purpose we estimate a VECM model using data for unified Germany. The cointegration analysis reveals a long-run relationship between real wages, productivity and unemployment which is interpreted as a wage setting relation. Based on a reduced form subset VECM we identify structural shocks and assess their importance for unemployment by impulse response analysis, forecast error variance and historical decompositions. In contrast to previous studies for West Germany, we find that productivity, labor supply and labor demand shocks are important sources of unemployment in the long-run.
相似文献
Ralf BrüggemannEmail: |
3.
Thiess Buettner 《Empirica》2007,34(4):287-297
This paper provides empirical evidence on regional labor market flexibility in Europe and, in particular, in the EU-accession
countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Whereas substantial regional disparities in unemployment are found for pre-accession
EU member countries as well as for accession countries, an empirical analysis taking account of spatial effects shows that
regional wage flexibility is significantly higher for accession countries. Moreover, unemployment disparities are found to
be less persistent in the accession countries.
相似文献
Thiess BuettnerEmail: |
4.
In most OECD countries, the wage gap between men and women has narrowed during the past two decades. Developments of the last
20 years, e.g., increased labour market attachment of women or the introduction of equal pay laws, may have reduced the gender
wage gap. We investigate the extent, persistence, and socio-economic determinants of the gender wage gap in Austria, for the
years 1983 and 1997. Using wage decomposition techniques, we find that the average gender wage gap was almost as high in 1997
as it was in 1983. Not accounting for differences, the gender wage gap dropped from 25.5 to 23.3% of men’s wages. Taking observable
differences between men and women into account, we estimate that the mean gender wage gap that cannot be explained, i.e.,
discrimination against women, dropped from 17 to 14% of men’s wages. A decomposition of the gender wage gap over time indicates
that both returns to human capital and less discrimination were responsible for the narrowing of the gender wage gap.
相似文献
Christine ZulehnerEmail: |
5.
This paper sets up an efficiency wage model which combines goal-attainment theory and the expectancy-valence approach. Taking
account of the psychological work motivation, we find that the aspiration for goal attainment may be a substitute for unemployment
as an instigator of work motivation in full employment. In addition, since raising the firm’s goal has a diverse impact on
the high and low need-for-achievement workers, a higher goal-setting does not appear capable of increasing worker effort within
firms. This finding reconciles the conflicting experimental results in industrial psychology literature.
相似文献
Chia-Ying LiuEmail: |
6.
In this paper we look at the relationship between crime and economic incentives in a different way to other work in the economics of crime field. We look at empirical models where a toughening of the unemployment benefit regime can be used to study how people on the margins of crime may react to changes in economic incentives. We present three sets of complementary evidence, all of which show that toughening the benefit regime can have an unintended consequence, namely increases in crime. The first approach presents quasi-experimental evidence, looking at crime rates in areas of England and Wales before and after the introduction of a new, tougher unemployment benefit programme—the Jobseekers Allowance (JSA)—in October 1996. The second approach considers qualitative evidence on individuals affected by the change in the benefit regime. The third relates changes in area crime rates to post-JSA sanctions. Each of these approaches uncovers evidence of higher crime occurring as a consequence of the benefit reform.
相似文献
Stephen MachinEmail: |
7.
Equality of opportunity and educational achievement in Portugal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pedro Carneiro 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2008,7(1):17-41
Portugal has one of the highest levels of income inequality in Europe, and low wages and unemployment are concentrated among
low skill individuals. Education is an important determinant of inequality. However, there are large differences in the educational
attainment of different individuals in the population, and the sources of these differences emerge early in the life-cycle
when families play a central role in individual development. We estimate that most of the variance of school achievement at
age 15 is explained by family characteristics. Observed school inputs explain very little of adolescent performance. Children
from highly educated parents benefit of rich cultural environments in the home and become highly educated adults. Education
policy needs to be innovative: (1) it needs to explicitly recognize the fundamental long run role of families on child development;
(2) it needs to acknowledge the failure of traditional input based policies.
相似文献
Pedro CarneiroEmail: |
8.
Price-setting behavior of Austrian firms 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper explores nominal rigidities by investigating price-setting behavior of Austrian firms based on survey evidence.
Distinguishing between two stages of price setting—first the price reviewing phase and second the price changing phase—our
results suggest that the main obstacles to price flexibility lie on the second stage. Our main result is that firms postpone
price adjustments, because they are afraid to antagonize customers with frequent price changes. Thus, customer relationships
- especially those with consumers—are a major source of price stickiness in the Austrian economy.
相似文献
Josef Baumgartner (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
This paper aims at empirically estimating the demand effects of changes in functional income distribution for Austria. Based
on a Post-Kaleckian macro model, this paper estimates the effects of a change in the wage share on the main demand aggregates.
The results for the behavioral functions for consumption, investment, prices, exports and imports are compared with the specifications
of the WIFO macro model and the IHS macro model. A reduction in the wage share has a restrictive effect on domestic demand
as consumption decreases more strongly than investment increases. Because of the strong effects on net exports the overall
effects of a decrease in the wage share are expansionary. However the latter effect operates only as far as the fall in the
wage share increases competitiveness. As wage shares were also falling in Austria’s main trading partners, the effect seems
to have been neutralized.
相似文献
Stefan EdererEmail: |
10.
Neil Rankin 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2007,6(3):133-150
We show that when a model of the macroeconomy is based on imperfect, rather than perfect, competition, this may increase the
problem of how to model agents’ expectations. We provide a simple example using an overlapping-generations economy with the
potential for unemployment. Under certain assumptions about how consumers migrate between locations between the first and
second periods of their lives, this extra issue regarding expectations arises. Imperfect competition may increase agents’
forecasting difficulties because they have to forecast not only future equilibrium prices, but also future out-of-equilibrium
prices, and by definition the latter are never actually observed.
相似文献
Neil RankinEmail: |
11.
Understanding the microenterprise sector to design a tailor-made microfinance policy for Cape Verde 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
José A. G. Baptista Joaquim J. S. Ramalho J. Vidigal da Silva 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2006,5(3):225-241
Two of the central challenges faced by Cape Verde at the present are the high level of unemployment and the increasing proportion of the population living in (relative) poverty. Microenterprise development can be an effective means of addressing both problems in a developing country like Cape Verde, where microenterprises account for about 50% of employment. In this paper we provide a detailed profile of Cape Verdean microenterprises and microentrepreneurs and investigate the relationship between their characteristics and the resort to outside seed capital. We find a cluster of factors—the microentrepreneur’s age, gender, level of education and reason for being self-employed—which influence significantly the probability of being in need for external start-up capital. The policy implications of these findings for the design of a specific microfinance program for Cape Verde are discussed.
相似文献
J. Vidigal da Silva (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
Joel Sobel 《International Review of Economics》2009,56(1):3-16
This paper points out that classical competitive outcomes arise in two different market environments even if agents have non-classical
preferences. Consumers with separable, other-regarding preferences behave as if they have classical preferences in competitive
equilibrium. These outcomes need not be efficient, but under plausible conditions will be efficient following a redistribution
of income. In simple double-auction environments competitive outcomes arise under a wide range of assumptions on preferences
even without assuming separability. I discuss the importance of the domain of definition of preferences and how the preferences
present in the economy influence the performance of the trading institution.
相似文献
Joel SobelEmail: |
13.
A simple note on herd behaviour 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In his ‘Simple model of herd behaviour’, (Banerjee A (1992) A simple model of herd behaviour. Q J Econ CVII:797–817) shows
that—in a sequential game—if the first two players have chosen the same action, player 3 and all subsequent players will ignore
his/her own information and start a herd, an irreversible one. In this paper, we analyse the role played by the tie-breaking
assumptions in reaching the equilibrium. We show that: players’ strategies are parameter dependent—an incorrect herd may be
reversed; a correct herd is irreversible.
相似文献
Andrea MoroneEmail: |
14.
This article studies the question whether labour market institutions can explain the large differences in unemployment rates
in the new member states. It investigates several labour market institutions and concludes that they are on average no more
rigid in the new member states than in the old ones. However, there is a lot of heterogeneity both in terms of institutions
and unemployment rates. The impact of labour market institutions on performance is empirically examined for a panel of European
countries. These results are used to assess to what extent labour market institutions are responsible for the diverse unemployment
experiences in the new member states. Labour market institutions can explain only a small part of these differences. Other
causes of unemployment seem to be more important.
相似文献
Laura ThissenEmail: |
15.
Using a two-regime model of the inflation-unemployment process for US data 1960:2 to 2000:2, this paper finds strong evidence
to support the Eisner puzzle, which occurs when the short-run Phillips curve (SRPC) is flatter at low rates of unemployment
than at higher rates. The puzzling aspect of this pattern is the expectation of excess demand to become apparent at very low
rates of unemployment causing the SRPC to be steep rather than fairly flat. We show the puzzle can be resolved by estimating
a three-regime model which reveals a steep SRPC at very low rates of unemployment. The estimates of the three regime model
also reveal a horizontal SRPC at intermediate rates of unemployment, implying the existence of a range of equilibrium rates
of unemployment at those intermediate rates.
相似文献
Ian M. McDonaldEmail: |
16.
Professional team sports provide an ideal real world experiment to explore the effect of top executive replacement due to
the availability of excellent performance data. This paper investigates how replacing the coach affects the performance of
football teams. Analyzing almost 2,000 matches of the Austrian premier football league by ordinal (probit) regression techniques
we find that a new coach tends to enhance team performance in home matches but to weaken it in away matches. However, neither
of these effects turns out to be statistically significant. Nevertheless, the much discussed coach effect—ousting an underperforming
coach in order to improve team performance at least temporarily—may make sense despite the costs involved by providing stronger
ex-ante incentives for effort.
相似文献
Franz WirlEmail: |
17.
Antonio Ribba 《Empirical Economics》2006,31(2):497-511
In this paper, by using a combination of long-run and short-run restrictions, we identify a small structural VECM which includes inflation, unemployment and the federal funds rate and study the dynamic interactions at different frequencies among these variables. Our results show that: (a) in accordance with the traditional view of economic fluctuations, aggregate demand shocks and monetary policy shocks push inflation and unemployment in opposite directions in the short run; (b) the permanent supply shock explains the long-run movement of inflation and unemployment. These conclusions are at odds with the prediction of “natural-rate” models but are consistent with the idea of a propagation mechanism which links productivity shocks to inflation and unemployment at medium and low frequencies. Thus, with respect to some recent studies (e.g. Beyer and Farmer, ECB Working Paper 121, 2002, and Ireland, J Monet Econ 44:279–291, 1999), we offer a different interpretation of the low-frequency comovements between inflation and unemployment characterizing the US economy in the last decades.
相似文献
Antonio RibbaEmail: |
18.
Using official statistics and tax laws, we outline and discuss the evolution of the personal income tax in Austria since the
beginning of the Second Republic in 1955. Focusing on the tax tariff and its progressivity properties, we identify a period
of high (and increasing) progressivity before 1989, followed by a period of diminished progressivity since 1989. While still
being a powerful revenue instrument, the Austrian income tax seems to have lost both redistributive impact and political allure.
相似文献
Andreas WagenerEmail: |
19.
We test the hypothesis that the sector bias of skill biased technical change is important in explaining the rising relative
wage of skilled workers in the manufacturing sector in three Central and Eastern European transition countries. The econometric
results broadly confirm that the concentration of skill biased technical change in the skill intensive sectors had a significant
effect on the skill premium in these transition countries.
相似文献
Robert Stehrer (Corresponding author)Email: |
20.
This paper estimates a cointegrated vector autoregressive (VAR) model for UK data on consumer prices, unit labour costs, import prices and real consumption growth. The estimated VAR indicates that the nominal variables are characterised by I(2) trends, and that a linear combination of these processes cointegrate to I(1). This supports an analysis in which I(1) and I(2) restrictions are imposed. A key finding is that an increase in real import prices reduces productivity adjusted real wages, such that the change in domestic inflation is moderated. This may explain why the depreciation of sterling in 1992 left inflation unchanged.
相似文献
Christopher BowdlerEmail: |