制度变迁与经济增长的关系研究

文章对以诺斯为代表的新制度经济学派有关制度变迁与经济增长的关系的理论进行了分析,并在此基础上,结合中印两国经济发展的比较研究和温州民营经济发展的实例研究,对权威理论的适用性和本土经济发展的理论解释做了积极的探索。     

贸易、制度变迁与中国的经济增长

本文讨论了贸易和制度变迁对中国经济增长的影响。我们发现在1978年改革开放之前,贸易对中国经济增长的重要性并不明显,而1978年改革开放之后,贸易对经济增长的作用变得十分突出和重要。贸易发展方面存在的巨大差异,是中国东中西部地区的经济发展差距在改革开放之后开始迅速扩大的重要原因之一。贸易除了直接促进经济发展之外,还通过影响经济领域的制度变迁,从而间接影响经济增长。对外贸易为中国的非国有经济发展提供了动力和机会,推动了中国经济的市场化进程。非国有经济的发展和经济资源配置的市场化等经济领域的制度变迁,是推动中国经济持续增长的重要力量。坚持市场化导向的经济改革,限制行政权力,走向成熟的法治市场经济,是未来中国经济发展的内在要求。     

西部民营经济制度变迁与经济增长关系分析

西部民营经济的发展得益于制度变迁,制度变迁对西部民营经济发展起着决定作用。本文对西部民营经济制度变迁与经济增长进行了理论分析、历史分析、实证分析,深刻揭示了西部民营经济制度变迁与经济增长的内涵。     

制度变迁与中国经济增长——基于中心城市层面的实证研究

改革开放以来,中国的渐进式改革取得举世瞩目的成就,探寻中国高速经济增长现象背后的真实原因成为学界的研究热点.本文在已有相关研究的基础上,利用中国90个中心城市2006年度的截面数据对影响中国各地经济增长的因素进行实证研究.研究结果显示,规范的地方政府行为对经济增长存在比较明显的促进作用,提高经济市场化运作水平是中国经济增长的重要制度保证;对外开放是拉动中国经济增长的一个重要引擎;金融发展对各地经济增长的促进作用尚不能有效发挥,应该继续深化金融体制改革;所有制改革正向作用于经济增长,但其效果不是非常显著.     

转型时期制度变迁对我国经济增长影响的实证分析

我国现在进行的改革开放必然会引起制度的变迁,而从经济学理论上讲,制度的变迁又会对经济的发展产生巨大影响。文中制度这一因素引入经济增长模型,并量化测度了制度变迁,并进行实证分析。结果表明,改革开放30多年来我国的制度变迁对经济的增长具有巨大的促进作用。而目前,我国的体制改革尚未完成,仍有较大的制度变迁空间,所以制度创新与变革仍然是我国未来较长一段时期内经济增长的重要动力源泉。     

制度变迁与技术进步对中国经济增长的影响

本文基于向量误差修正模型,实证分析1986—2013年中国制度变迁、技术进步与经济增长的动态关系以及两者对经济增长的影响。研究发现：制度变迁、技术进步与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,二者都与经济增长正相关;在长期,制度变迁对经济增长具有明显的促进作用,并且这种促进作用仍能进一步增强;脉冲响应分析发现技术冲击对经济增长的影响比制度冲击的影响衰退更快     

创新、结构变迁与经济增长

创新是经济发展的驱动力。本文以熊比特的创新思想作为出发点,对创新与技术变迁与制度变迁的关系以及创新促进经济增长与经济发展的内在机制进行了深入分析,并得出结论:创新导致经济结构的变迁,而结构变迁正是经济发展的本质。     

制度、制度创新与经济增长

首先,对制度、制度的功能与制度创新作了解释。然后,应用经济计量模型,以改革开放来中国经济发展的历史数据为例,在传统的资本因素和劳动力因素的基础上,增加了制度因素和产业结构因素来考察中国的经济增长,得出结论:制度是影响经济发展的重要因素。     

体制变迁的经济效应及其对我国经济增长问题的解释

一、体制变动的经济效应概述 体制变动效应与一般的政策效应是两回事。一般的政策效应虽然也有扩张性与紧缩性之分,但它是以既定的体制或体制不变为前提。而体制变动效应来自于体制,通过经济主体的选择行为和经济运行过程的变化实现。在我国从计划经济向市场经济的转变进程中,体制变动是全方位的。就主要方面讲,价格制度要转变,产权制度要转变,市场组织要转变,企业制度要转变,政府职能要转变。任何层次上的转变都表现为传统计划方式的废弃和市场机制     

The Internet, Economic Growth and Governance

The Internet developed largely as a 'spontaneous order' without central co-ordination. Further development will increase the mobility of capital and labour and make tax collection more difficult. Attempts at self-regulation and government regulation are now under way but meddling is likely to be 'wealth destructive and counter productive.'     

最优税率、政府转移支付与经济增长

本文推广了Barro(1990)和Gong-Zou(1999)关于政府税收与经济增长的模型，讨论了多级政府下的政府花费，税收和政府间的转移支付对经济增长的影响；就特殊形式的生产函数和效用函数，导出了经济增长率与政府税收和政府转移支付的关系；通过数值方法讨论了政府税收和政府转移支付对经济增长的影响。     

Taxation and Economic Growth

A bstract The effects of vorious tax policies on economic growth are recx amined on the basis of the recently developed endogenous growth therory The assertion of Henry George that the structure of taxation is more important than the level of taxation in explaining economic growth is elaborated and verified Annual data for Taiwan from 1954 to 1986 shows that the aggregate tax rate does not have significant effect on the long run growth rates of private ouptup, consumption and production factor inputs This result is due to the poostivie effect of consumption taxation offsetting the negative effect of factor taxation on economic growth     

政府债务对经济增长的影响及作用渠道

基于1960～2010年113个国家的面板数据集,运用系统广义矩动态面板方法和稳健性分析,比较发达国家和发展中国家政府债务经济增长效应的差异,并尝试分析政府债务影响经济增长的渠道。研究结果显示,政府债务对经济增长有非线性影响;发达国家政府债务对经济增长、投资以及全要素生产率均无显著影响;发展中国家对政府债务的直接承受力更弱,但在一个宽松的临界点内,政府债务的增加可以提高投资率。     

论经济增长与创新发明

创新发明是科学技术发展的本质，是社会生产力发展的动力，是经济持续增长的基础，是时代前进的灵魂，是人类文明进步的希望。创新发明的不竭潜力与源泉、开发的主观能力与价值效益是衡量一个国家科学技术发达、现代化发展持续、综合国力强大与经济、社会繁荣的重要尺度。本文就创新发明如何对人类社会经济持续增长产生作用的问题加以探究。     

Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth

This paper surveys the literature on fiscal policy and economic growth. We present a unifying framework for the analysis of long run growth implications of government expenditures and revenues. We find that several tax rates and expenditure categories exhibit a direct impact on the growth rate of the economy. In a creative synthesis we have assigned the relevant literature to the twelve introduced policy variables. Due to the equivalence of some policy variables we are left with six degrees of freedom, where we need four to internalize the model's intrinsic externalities, leaving two instruments to conduct short run fiscal policy.     

Local Economic Structure and Growth

Abstract

This paper tests how the local economic structure—measured by local sector specialization, competition and diversity—affects growth of manufacturing sectors. Most of the empirical literature assumes that in the long run more productive regions will attract more workers and use employment growth as a measure of local productivity growth. However, this approach is based on strong assumptions, such as those of national labour markets and homogeneous labour. This paper shows that if we relax these assumptions, regional adjusted wage growth is a better measure of productivity growth than employment growth. This measure is used in order to study regional growth in Portuguese regions between 1985 and 1994. Evidence is found of MAR externalities in some sectors and no evidence of Jacobs or Porter externalities in most of the sectors. These results are at odds with the findings for employment-based regressions, which show that regional concentration and the region's size have a negative effect in most of the sectors. It is also shown that simply using regional wage growth would overstate the effect of regional concentration and competition on long-run growth.     

Spatial Inequalities and Economic Growth

Abstract

In this editorial, we summarise and comment on the five articles published in issue 9.2. The five articles are a selection of papers presented at the ‘Workshop on Inequality and Regional Growth and Cohesion’ organised by the Regional Quantitative Analysis research group (AQR-IREA) of the University of Barcelona in November 2011. The first two articles, by De Dominicis and by Monastiriotis, focus on the analysis of regional growth and examine the influence of agglomeration and national development, respectively. The article by Ezcurra and Rodríguez-Pose looks instead at how trade openness impacts on within-country regional disparities, while the article by Kyriacou and Roca-Sagalés examines in turn how regional disparities impact on the quality of government at the national level. The final article by Sacchi and Salotti examines the impact of different forms of decentralisation on income inequalities at the household level. From our perspective, these articles contribute to a better understanding of the complex link between inequality and economic growth, while they also leave open several questions that could clearly stimulate future research on the topic.     

National Values and Economic Growth

A bstract    Using data on economic values and attitudes for various nations from the World Value Study, I show that the strength of values associated with market success does not appear to have a significant impact on the rate of economic growth in a sample of developing and developed market economies. I also show that such values do not seem related to the economic system and have an ambiguous relation to the overall level of economic development. These negative results suggest that, contrary to common belief, knowledge about such values does not seem very useful in helping us understand economic growth or differences in levels of economic development or economic systems in various countries.