正向领导对员工抑制性建言的跨层次影响

以社会认知理论为视角,探讨正向领导对员工抑制性建言的跨层次影响过程以及团队建言的跨层次调节作用。基于两个时间点92名团队主管与406名员工的纵向配对数据展开实证研究,结果表明：正向领导对员工抑制性建言具有显著的积极影响;自我效能感在正向领导与员工抑制性建言之间起部分中介作用;团队建言强化自我效能感与员工抑制性建言间的关系,即团队建言越频繁,自我效能感与员工抑制性建言的正向关系越强。     

真实型领导对下属建言行为的影响——上司支持感的中介作用

针对如何消除员工对建言风险的担心、促进员工的建言行为等问题,实证分析了真实型领导与下属建言行为的关系,研究了上司支持感在其中的中介作用、权力距离在其中的调节作用。对256份调查问卷的分析结果显示:真实型领导对下属的抑制性建言行为和促进性建言行为均有积极的预测作用,上司支持感在真实型领导与下属建言行为间起着部分中介作用,权力距离在上司支持感与下属建言行为间起负向调节作用。最后,讨论了研究结论在解释真实型领导对下属建言行为作用过程中的理论与实际意义。     

知识型员工的组织支持感对其建言行为的影响

利用来自北京、广州等地十多家企业的400份调查问卷,检验了知识型员工的组织支持感对其建言行为的影响以及工作投入在其中的中介作用。结果表明:知识型员工的组织支持感对其促进性建言行为和抑制性建言行为都有直接的正向影响;组织支持感能显著提高知识型员工工作投入的三个维度——活力、奉献和专注的水平;工作投入的活力因素和专注因素均在知识型员工的组织支持感与建言行为之间起部分中介作用,而奉献因素在其中的中介作用不显著。     

绩效考核对员工越轨创新的影响——一个被调节的中介模型

基于社会交换理论和社会认知理论,采用两阶段追踪调查数据,探讨不同目的取向绩效考核对员工越轨创新的差异化影响,并检验角色宽度自我效能感与共享型领导在两者间的作用机制。研究结果表明：发展型绩效考核正向影响员工越轨创新,评估型绩效考核负向影响员工越轨创新;角色宽度自我效能感在不同目的取向绩效考核与员工越轨创新间起部分中介作用;共享型领导不仅显著提升发展型绩效考核对角色宽度自我效能感的正向影响,增强角色宽度自我效能感在发展型绩效考核与员工越轨创新间的中介作用,而且弱化评估型绩效考核与角色宽度自我效能感间的负向影响,削弱角色宽度自我效能感在评估型绩效考核与员工越轨创新间的中介作用。该研究结果不仅丰富了越轨创新的理论研究,而且为企业实施不同目的取向的绩效考核提供了有益启示。     

制造业真诚领导对员工满足感的影响机制分析

选择中国制造业的员工样本,验证真诚领导对员工满足感的影响。实证结果证实了依据社会学习理论、社会支持理论、资源存储理论等多个理论提出的多重中介模型,真诚领导与员工满足感显著正相关,建言行为与自我效能感在其中发挥中介作用。研究结果拓展了真诚领导对员工态度影响机制的理论研究,增强了对建言行为与自我效能感作为员工满足感前因变量的感知,对于制造业加强真诚领导培养提升员工满足感具有实践指导意义。     

非常规性工作对员工创造性的影响:一个被调节的中介模型

以工作特性理论为基础,运用多元回归模型探索非常规性工作对个体创造性的影响机制,检验自我效能感的中介作用及授权型领导的调节作用。运用Mplus7.0、SPSS19.0及PROCESS软件对258份员工及主管的有效问卷进行数据分析,结果显示,非常规性工作与员工创造性显著正相关;自我效能感在非常规性工作对员工创造性的影响过程中起完全中介作用,授权型领导在非常规性工作对自我效能感的影响过程中起调节作用。进一步地,授权型领导显著正向调节自我效能感在非常规性工作与创造性之间的中介作用,即在高授权型领导情境下,上述中介作用增强,反之减弱。     

建设性上级反馈对员工组织自尊与建言行为的影响机制

基于社会认知理论,构建并验证了建设性上级反馈对员工组织自尊与建言行为的影响机制,并统计分析了两阶段收集到307套上级与员工配对数据。结果表明:建设性上级反馈对员工组织自尊、促进性建言和抑制性建言均具有显著的正向预测作用;组织自尊在建设性上级反馈与员工促进性建言和抑制性建言关系间均表现出部分中介作用;建设性上级反馈正向调节员工组织自尊对其促进性建言的积极影响,但在组织自尊与抑制性建言的关系之间不具有调节作用。     

威权领导对员工创新行为的影响

基于情感关系及个体自我认知视角,研究威权领导对员工创新行为的影响,探讨领导-成员交换关系的中介作用及创新自我效能感的反向调节作用。通过对多省市企业员工及其直接领导进行配对问卷调查分析,结果表明,威权领导对员工创新行为具有显著负向影响;领导-成员交换关系在两者间起部分中介作用,即威权领导行为不利于形成高质量的领导-成员交换关系,继而影响员工创新行为;员工创新自我效能感在领导-成员交换关系和员工创新行为间起反向调节作用,即创新自我效能感水平越高,领导-成员交换关系质量对员工创新行为的影响越弱。     

伦理型领导对员工内创业意愿的影响机制研究

基于社会交换和社会认知理论，以426名员工为调查样本，研究伦理型领导对员工内创业意愿的影响机制以及这一机制中创业自我效能感的中介作用与组织创业氛围的调节作用。结果表明，伦理型领导对员工内创业意愿有积极影响，创业自我效能感在伦理型领导与员工内创业意愿之间起部分中介作用，创业自我效能感的中介作用受组织创业氛围调节。最后，提出企业应该高度重视伦理型领导者选拔工作，注意营造浓郁的创业氛围，领导在平时工作中应关注员工的心理建设等建议。     

知识型员工工作自主性对建言行为的影响

基于工作特征模型理论和自我决定理论,考察了中国组织情境下工作自主性对员工建言行为的影响,检验了员工归属感的中介作用与领导正直度的调节作用。对收集到的224份有效样本进行了层次回归分析,研究结果表明：①工作自主性与员工建言行为显著正相关;②员工归属感在工作自主性与员工建言之间的关系中起完全中介作用;③领导正直度对工作自主性与员工归属感和员工建言之间的关系有显著的弱化效应,并且员工归属感完全中介工作自主性与领导正直度间交互作用对员工建言行为的影响。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.