Learning from Data: Unifying Statistics and Computer Science

Research in the data-oriented areas of computer science is contributing a new wave of theory and tools for learning from data. Some of the research areas complement those in statistics and others overlap. While the research topics of the two fields are not the same, the goals of the research are identical–to enhance theory, methods, models, and systems for the study of data. Unification–close collaboration in research, in teaching, and in applications–would greatly enhance new developments in learning from data.     

我国农业调查范围统计及网点问题研究

就当前情况而言,我国越来越依赖于农业统计调查数据信息,这种情况的产生和决策领导高度关注农业问题密不可分,同时还跟中国坚持可持续发展和检验相关政策措施息息相关。我们具体阐述了中国农业开发统计调查范围,并且对怎样依据统计调查收集与农业数据有关的信息进行描述,其中涵盖统计调查机构的演变过程与农业统计调查领域所产生的相关问题研究。以此来说明农业统计调查数据对领导阶层决策的重要性,还对中国统计和抽样调查实施了细致分工。     

Measuring Knowledge Development and Developing Official Statistics for the Information Age

Measuring knowledge development is a new statistical activity that warrants urgent attention in the light of the current Internet explosion. The Internet creates virtual networks by connecting information nodes, knowledge nexus, people and institutions. The Internet has resulted in an unprecedented proliferation of Information, Communication, Knowledge and Entertainment (ICKE), which has in turn brought about structural changes in all aspects of social, economic and political governance. For public policy formulators, including the statistical community, it is imperative that the knowledge development aspect of ICKE be measured. Being abstract, knowledge is difficult to quantify. However, the manifestations of attributes and variables of any knowledge development activity are measurable. The paper outlines a conceptual framework for achieving this. This proposed framework adopts a socio-technological approach, premised on contemporary information and knowledge development as an integral of the people and technology dimensions. To illustrate the workability of the proposed model, the paper identifies some parameters and variables in the current statistical system, and highlights some new data generated via the Internet Subscriber Study and ICT Exposition Visitor Study. All illustrations refer to Malaysian data. Finally, the paper outlines 'way forward' initiatives for establishing a full-fledged set of information and knowledge development indicators.     

The Role of Statistics in the Data Revolution?

The nature of data is rapidly changing. Data sets are becoming increasingly large and complex. Modern methodology for analyzing these new types of data are emerging from the fields of Data Base Managment, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Pattern Recognition, and Data Visualization. So far Statistics as a field has played a minor role. This paper explores some of the reasons for this, and why statisticians should have an interest in participating in the development of new methods for large and complex data sets.     

道路勘测设计教学改革与实践

在分析目前高等院校道路勘测设计课程教学中存在问题的基础上,系统提出了该门课程在教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、实践环节、考核方式等方面的改革方案,并付诸实践。     

Intangible Economy and its Implications for Statistics and Statisticians*

This paper presents an interpretation of major changes affecting the modern economy. Our postulate is that the defining trend is the shift to the intangible. The source of economic value and wealth is no longer the production of material goods but the creation and manipulation of dematerialised content. The logic of dematerialisation is pervasive and ubiquitous and affects all sectors and activities. It profoundly transforms economic relationships and interactions, the ways firms and markets are organised and transactions are carried out. It is also unsettling, to the extent that it runs squarely against some of the key tenets of the conventional logic of economics. The intangible economy raises a whde series of measurement issues. More fundamentally, it changes the role, the function, and the perception of economic measurement data. Official agencies no longer have the monopoly of economic data: a lively and diversified measurement and monitoring industry has emerged. Statisticians need to undertake a comprehensive appraisal of their business. Adaptingto the new environment will require major changes in three key areas: conceptual foundations, modus operandi and temporal outlook. If measurement systems are to capture the essence of the economy of today and tomorrow, intangibles have to move from the periphery to the core of these systems.     

Big Data,Official Statistics and Some Initiatives by the Australian Bureau of Statistics

Official statisticians have been dealing with a diversity of data sources for decades. However, new sources of data in the Big Data domain provide an opportunity to deliver a more efficient and effective statistical service. This paper outlines a number of considerations for the official statistician when deciding whether to embrace a particular new data source in the regular production of official statistics. The principal considerations are relevance, business benefit, and the validity of using the source for official statistics in finite population inferences or analytic inferences. The paper also describes the Big Data Flagship Project of the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), which has been established to provide the opportunity for the ABS to gain practical experience in assessing the business, statistical, technical, computational and other issues in using Big Data. In addition, ABS participation in national and international activities in this area will help it share experience and knowledge, while collaboration with academics will enable ABS to better acquire the capability to address business problems using the new sources of data as part of the solution.     

Improving Statistics on International Migration in Asia

International migration has reached unprecedented scale, diversity and political, economic, social and demographic significance in Asia over the last decade. Despite this data collection of migrant stocks and flows remains very limited in most Asian countries. Accordingly, policy making on migration in the region lacks an evidence base and is influenced by interest groups, anecdotal evidence and prejudice. This paper argues that the heightened security consciousness since 911 together with the development of efficient computer based collection and analysis of migration data systems has created a propitious environment for bringing about a parametric improvement in data collection on international migration in Asia. A number of suggestions are made in this regard, especially the inclusion of relevant international migration questions in the 2010 round of population censuses.     

公路横断面模糊勘测设计中探地雷达控制的应用

在本文中,笔者主要探讨了路基土石方比例分配和挡土墙埋置深度模糊性设计的弊病,在公路横断面勘测设计中探地雷达的具体运用。其中具体应用方面主要包括具体的应用思路、外业勘探、内业设计等三方面。     

What Makes Business Statistics Special?

Non-specialists might have the feeling that building statistics on businesses is a very simple task: it seems one just has to "add facts". But for survey statisticians, business statistics are extremely complex: great heterogeneity of the universe, definition of the statistical units, difficulty of classifying businesses, quality of the register, variety of accounting standards, sample co-ordination, or reduction of survey burden. This paper argues that the issues raised by business survey methodology are conceptual and not only practical. It describes different aspects of statistical processing and tries to analyse the special features of business statistics.     

Towards an Integrated Statistical System at Statistics Netherlands*

Changes in circumstances put pressure on Statistics Netherlands (SN) to redesign the way its statistics are produced. Key developments are: the changing needs of data‐users, growing competition, pressure to reduce the survey burden on enterprises, emerging new technologies and methodologies and, first and foremost, the need for more efficiency because of budget cuts. This paper describes how SN, and especially its business statistics, can adapt to these new circumstances. We envisage an optimum situation as one with a single standardised production line for all statistics and a central data repository at its core. This single production line is supported by generic and standardised tools, metadata and workflow management. However, it is clear that such an optimum situation cannot be realised in just a few years. It should be seen as the point on the horizon. Therefore, we also describe the first transformation steps from the product‐based stovepipe‐oriented statistical process of the past to a more integrated process of the future. A similar modernisation process exists in the area of social statistics. In the near future both systems of business and social statistics are expected to connect at pivotal points and eventually converge on one overall business architecture for SN. Discussions about such an overall business architecture for SN have already been started and the first core projects have been set up.     

Random Sets: Models and Statistics

This paper surveys aspects of the theory of random closed sets, focussing on issues of practical and current interest. First, some historical remarks on this part of probability theory are made, where the important role of Georges Matheron is emphasized. Then, fundamental characteristics of the distribution of random closed sets are introduced. The very important Boolean model serves as an example for discussing mathematical and statistical problems. A number of further models is then considered, namely excursion sets of random fields, the system of edges of the Poisson Voronoi tessellation and various random systems of non-overlapping spheres. Finally, some ideas of particle statistics are presented, including some models of random compact sets.     

太阳能热利用在建筑中的设计要点

随着国家对节能建筑的日益重视,建筑节能设计已经成为设计师必须重视的环节。根据《太阳能供热采暖工程技术规范》GB 50495-2009,从规划布局设计原则、建筑设计原则以及太阳能系统的选择三个方面对太阳能热利用在建筑设计中的要素进行分析。     

XML技术的房地产估价数据标准研究

XML已经逐渐发展为一种数据存储和数据交换的格式标准,并在网络内容发布、数据交换、数据存储、电子商务、数据库等领域得到广泛应用。尽管如此,目前国内房地产信息系统开发企业仍未采用XML技术来规范房地产行业的数据标准。为规范和统—房地产业务软件开发用语用词,实现房地产估价行业信息传输和互联互通,本文提出了基于可扩展的标记语言（XML）技术的房地产估价数据标准,并结合房地产市场基础信息给出了基于XML技术的房地产估价数据标准制定的应用实例,为房地产估价数据系统的搭建提供参考,以规范和统一我国房地产行业的估价数据标准。     

Applications of Statistics in the Field of General Insurance: An Overview

This is an expository paper on applications of statistics in the field of general insurance, also called non‐life insurance. Unlike life insurance where advanced statistical techniques have long been part of financial mathematics and actuarial applications, their use is only relatively recent in non‐life insurance. The business model of insurance companies, especially those active in non‐life insurance, has seen dramatic changes over the last 15 years. The aim of this paper is to convince the readers that especially today non‐life insurance is not only an exciting ground to apply existing modern statistical tools but also a fertile environment for new and challenging statistical developments. The activities of an insurance company can be viewed as an industrial process where data management and data analysis play a key role. That is why a fundamental understanding of data‐related issues (such as data quality, variability, analysis and correct interpretation) is so essential to the insurance business. These are exactly the tasks where professional statisticians excel. Also, a better understanding of the field of general insurance by statisticians will promote fruitful exchanges between actuaries and statisticians, thereby helping to bring actuarial and statistical professional societies closer to each other. Selected examples are used to cover the essential aspects of general insurance, and all of them are based on the author's experience. The paper concludes with some remarks on the role of statisticians working in general insurance.     

The Current Position of Statistics: A Personal View

Some current aspects of statistical work are reviewed under three broad headings, applied probability modelling, design of investigations and statistical analysis and interpretation of data. The emphasis is on applications in science and science-based technology, although some incidental comments are made about statistics in public affairs. While no technical details are given, there is some discussion of potential fields for development. The choice of topics reflects the author's personal interests.     

热电厂电气节能设计

文章从厂用变压器容量选择、导体材料及载流量选择,功率因数补偿、重要辅机设备变频调节技术,照明设备选择等方面,论述热电厂电气系统节能设计的几种方法。     

《公路勘测设计》课程的教学设计

在课程教学设计中,针对教材恰当地进行整体设计和单元设计,并设置好实训项目,辅以四阶段教学法和项目教学法,有效地引导学生主动学习,就能有效地提高学生知识运用能力和岗位职业能力,使高职毕业生成为具有良好职业道德和内在素质,适应生产、建设、管理、服务第一线的高等技术应用性专门人才。     

做好统计基础工作,服务科学发展

经济全球化环境下,各级政府、各界人士对统计信息的依赖程度日益突显。如何保障统计数据真实准确,是社会各方面都十分关注的问题。健全的统计制度、正确的统计方法、可靠的统计资料,是提高统计信息的可信度,提升统计工作的重要意义的保障。每位统计工作者应当以务实求真的态度对待本职工作,抓好统计基础工作,服务科学发展。     

Summary Notes on the Statistics of Federal Affirmative Action Programs*

Abstract . In a review and critique of selected aspects of Federal requirements for use of statistical procedures to detect the absence of equal employment opportunity, seven statisticians find certain aspects capable of improvement. An overlap exists in protected groups between women and racelethnic groups which may lead to double-counting. Classification may be left to the employer. The Spanish-surname test may exclude 25 percent of people of Hispanic origin. Ethnic identification based on self-identification must be compared to identification by others (employer). The occupational categories required have but an imprecise relationship to available statistics. The statistics contain an unmeasurable data error. Chance factors may produce errors that are offsetting or additive, and which may be confused with data of significance. Recommendations are made for procedural improvements.