我国发展城市旅游的理性思考

城市旅游是一种新型的以城市为目的地的旅游活动。城市旅游作为当今世界社会、经济最具活力的领域城市和旅游的结合点,越来越显示出其无穷的魅力,但我们也应该注意,城市旅游在发展机遇面前,也面临一些挑战。本文从可持续发展和城市长远利益角度考虑,对当前我国城市旅游的发展进行了理性思考。     

基于DEA-ESDA的城市旅游效率评价及空间分异探究——以江苏省为例

以江苏省13个地级市为例,基于DEA-ESDA模型,选取合理的投入-产出指标,对江苏省各地级市的旅游效率及其空间分异进行探讨。结果表明：江苏省城市旅游效率处于中等水平,只有4个DEA有效城市;江苏省城市旅游效率呈现明显的空间差异,由南向北阶梯式递减趋势显著,且与区域经济发展水平呈正相关关系;规模效率处于低位水平是制约城市旅游效率提升的主要原因;经济发展水平及区位条件都是造成其空间差异的重要因素。最后结合研究结果,提出合理的建议。     

上海都市专项旅游产品开发现状、存在问题及其对策

上海都市专项旅游产品通过多年的发展，已经取得一定成绩。目前，会展旅游产品、商务旅游产品、购物旅游产品、美食旅游产品、文化旅游产品、节庆旅游产品、工业旅游产品、体育旅游产品等，共同构成了上海都市专项旅游产品基本框架。本文通过调查上海都市专项旅游产品开发现状，并尝试与世界上一些都市专项旅游发达城市比较其长短优劣，在此基础上研究分析，提出上海都市专项旅游产品相应的发展策略，以期对上海都市专基旅游产品更好的发展提供借鉴。     

Problems and prospects for the development of urban tourism in Gaborone and Maun,Botswana

This paper draws on the tourism system framework to examine the problems and prospects of urban tourism in Gaborone and Maun, Botswana. These are young centres that have a growing number of tourist attractions, facilities and services that could promote urban tourism. The findings of this study, based on both secondary and primary data sources, indicate that urban tourism in Botswana is relatively undeveloped because there is no substantial domestic market, tourist attractions in urban centres are poorly developed and marketed, and city development plans and the national tourism policy are not integrated. The study concludes that, for tourism to become a viable economic sector in the country, urban tourism should be integrated into Botswana's tourism policy and city planning.     

Discrimination and development? Immigration,urbanisation and sustainable livelihoods in Johannesburg

Through its analysis of new survey data and interviews coupled with participant observation, this article examines how official and popular responses to international migration and urbanisation may undermine Johannesburg's efforts to build a prosperous, safe and inclusive city. Working from the position that international migration is an inexorable response to regional economic inequality, it illustrates how ignorance, xenophobia and legal discrimination are preventing significant numbers of foreign migrants from productively integrating into Johannesburg's politics, economy and communities. It concludes that, in an era of migration, building inclusive and sustainable cities means finding creative ways to combat discrimination based on nationality, even when such exclusion is legally, politically, and socially mandated. Doing otherwise tacitly endorses human rights abuses, social fragmentation, inequitable growth and insecurity.     

城市休闲旅游产品深度开发研究

城市休闲旅游是近些年来世界旅游迅速发展起来的新现象,休闲旅游已成为城市经济结构转换和持续发展的新型产业之一。文章在城市休闲旅游产品内涵的基础上,分析了城市休闲旅游产品深度开发的意义和原则,并提出了城市休闲旅游产品深度开发的相关策略,以期达到开辟城市旅游更广阔的发展空间,带动城市社会经济发展的目的。     

Making tourism work for the poor: Strategies and challenges in southern Africa

This article analyses strategies for 'pro-poor tourism' (PPT), ie strategies that increase the benefits to poor people from tourism development. Based on an international review of six pro-poor tourism case studies, it outlines the wide range of pro-poor tourism strategies used and their impacts to date, with particular focus on southern African case studies. By analysing their progress, problems and the critical factors influencing them, the article identifies implications for the way forward. This review underpins four propositions. First, despite commercial constraints, much can be done to enhance the contribution of tourism to poverty reduction, and a 'PPT' perspective assists in this endeavour. Secondly, PPT strategies can, and should be, incorporated by all actors in tourism, whether in government or business, at local or policy level. Thirdly, a wide range of impacts on poor people, going well beyond jobs, need to be recognised and enhanced. Finally, PPT strategies are difficult, but particularly relevant in southern Africa given the challenges of economic and political transformation, as well as the opportunity to influence international discussions on 'sustainable tourism' at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002.     

Is small beautiful? Understanding the contribution of small businesses in township tourism to economic development

The increased importance attached by policy-makers to the anticipated developmental effects of tourism in developing countries has been insufficiently examined by academic researchers, particularly in the context of the contribution of small firms in urban areas. This deficiency is addressed by providing a review of existing research followed by an analysis of interviews with 90 tourism business located within and outside the townships of Langa and Imizamo Yethu, Cape Town, South Africa. The findings reveal tensions between the different actors involved in township tourism. While the involvement of small, locally owned, businesses is beneficial, it is limited by conflicts of interest, lack of trust, limited social networks and little attachment to the township locality. The discussion highlights the complexity of tourism's role in economic development, which has significant implications for local policy-makers.     

Integrating tourism to rural development and planning in the developing world

In the past few decades, rural areas have experienced major socioeconomic changes. Due to modernisation and deepening globalisation, the economic and employment potential of many traditional livelihoods has decreased. Currently tourism is increasingly seen as a relevant tool for addressing rural problems in developing countries and tourism is actively used for economic diversification and opening up new ways to generate income and employment. However, many development models, such as integrated rural tourism (IRT) with emphasis on co-planning, learning and participation, originate from the Global North. This calls for careful considerations when such models are applied to the Global South's rural contexts. This research note discusses some of the key challenges of rural tourism development, especially related to the integration of the tourism industry and rural communities in developing countries, and overviews the applicability and conditions of the IRT framework as a potential approach for rural tourism development in the developing world.     

乡村振兴战略背景下海南乡村旅游质效提升研究

乡村旅游助推乡村振兴,乡村振兴促进乡村旅游。在乡村振兴战略背景下,梳理海南乡村旅游发展现状,指出海南乡村旅游发展遇到的瓶颈、困境,提出海南乡村旅游质效提升的思路和策略,包括开拓客源市场、锻造产品质量、提高经济效益和强化要素保障四个方面。     

加快推进文旅产业融合发展问题研究——以泉州市为例

作为21世纪的朝阳产业,文化和旅游产业的快速发展为我国经济发展提供了新的增长点,在当前泉州市经济发展转型的关键时期,文旅产业的有效融合成为其重要抓手。在此背景下,讨论加快文旅产业深度融合的意义,分析当前泉州市文旅产业融合过程中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出促进泉州市文旅产业深度融合的对策建议。     

三亚城市旅游阅读空间职能研究

通过研究城市旅游和阅读空间的发展历程和研究现状,进而研究三亚市城市旅游和阅读空间发展情况,分析三亚文旅融合的现状,对三亚城市不同的阅读空间进行分类区别介绍,并对城市阅读空间的传统职能进行分析.通过问卷调查、访谈和网络评论分析了解三亚城市旅游者对三亚市阅读空间的职能感知,对三亚城市阅读空间的旅游化提供合理的建议,从而提出提升三亚城市旅游阅读空间职能的策略.     

泰国国际旅游服务贸易对泰国经济的影响分析

国际旅游是国际服务贸易的重要组成部分。它涉及行业众多，且在国家之间具有财富转移性。图文分析了泰国近十年来的国际旅游贸易现状，并采用显示性比较优势指数分析了泰国国际旅游服务的竞争力。之后，对其近年来经济发展与国际旅游服务贸易收入之间的关系进行了实证分析。得出结论发现，泰国的国际旅游服务贸易能够提升资本投入，提供就业岗位，并最终提高泰国经济发展水平。     

Z省县域经济旅游收入影响因素研究

旅游产业在地方经济结构调整与经济收益提升方面发挥着明显的作用。当县域旅游经济保持良好发展状态时，就能显著推动县域经济的发展与当地居民收入的增加。所以探究县域经济旅游收入的影响因素对于促进旅游收入，改善旅游产业有着积极的影响。针对Z省桐庐县的旅游收入情况进行调查，分析当地旅游收入的构成情况及影响因素，探讨旅游人数与旅游收入间的关系，在此基础上制定出科学合理的收入提升策略。     

夜间旅游与夜经济：城市发展的新动力

夜经济已经成为中国发达城市重要的消费形式和经济增长点。夜间旅游是夜经济的重要组成部分。文章介绍了夜经济的兴起,分析了夜间旅游的特点和对城市发展的重要意义,并就夜间旅游的开发进行了初步探讨。     

三亚海上旅游合作开发基地建设研究

三亚市是中国最知名的热带滨海旅游度假目的地,正常旅游年2019年接待过夜游客近2400万。但是作为中国最具盛名的热带滨海度假旅游城市,三亚海上旅游资源开发并不充分,如三亚凤凰岛邮轮港是三亚著名地标建筑,但是由于各方面原因目前运营困难,项目人流量低,开发停滞,整体亏损严重。在海南自由贸易港建设的历史机遇下,通过运用旅游目的开发与管理的相关理论,探讨以凤凰岛邮轮港为核心建立三亚海上旅游合作开发基地,整合三亚的海上旅游资源,集中开发、互相补充的模式,使三亚海上旅游度假转型升级。     

How will China shape the world economy?

We will provide an outlook for China's role in the world economy over the coming decades, an exercise which would not be possible without an analysis of the prospects for China's continued economic growth. Based on international and historical comparisons, we argue that today's China meets all three key conditions for continued economic growth, including a stable government that is supportive of a market economy; high and increasing quality of human capital, and openness to developed economies. Dependent on China's continued growth, we explore how China will impact many other economies through trade and investment, creating winners and losers in the world economy. Moreover, we argue that China will become a more active player in changing global economic governance not only through participating in reforms of existing institutions but also by leading efforts to establish new ones.     

国际航空网络的空间结构特征

航空运输具有快速、高效益和长距离运输的特点,可打破地理限制,促进人员、技术、资金和商品等经济要素的跨国流动,能将单个城市串联为城市网络,降低往来成本,推动世界经济发展。通过分析2010—2020年的航空客运班次数据所构建的航空网络,并运用复杂网络理论和社会网络分析法研究航空网络的空间结构和演化规律。结果表明,2010—2013年欧美地区占据航空网络霸主地位,芝加哥、纽约一直霸榜;2013年中东地区由于地理位置优势开始崛起为航空枢纽;2018年得益于旅游政策与经济崛起,东亚、东南亚和东非地区航空地位不断提升,而欧美发达国家的航空地位下降,全球航空布局趋于均衡。2020年全球航空布局更加均衡,中国在全球航空网络中的地位逐渐提升。航空网络具有小世界和无标度网络的特点,可以促进城市间的互动和连接,打破地理和距离的限制。这些研究结果有助于优化我国航空网络,提升航空客货流的通达性和可靠性,实现民航强国的目标。     

Tourism and local economic development: The case of the Highlands Meander

Local economic development (LED) planning is of major policy importance in post-apartheid South Africa. Although issues surrounding LED have attracted considerable policy attention, one neglected theme has been the role of tourism as a lead sector for LED. The aim of this article is to examine the planning and workings of one tourism-led LED initiative in South Africa. The case study is that of the Highlands Meander in Mpumalanga province, where five towns are collaborating in their LED initiatives in order to promote the area's tourism products. A key finding is that this growing tourism initiative is currently not benefiting local black communities. Recommendations are offered for developing a pro-poor tourism initiative.     

中、美服务贸易结构现状及演变比较分析

随着科学知识和技术水平的发展,新一轮产业结构调整浪潮在世界范围内展开,各主要经济大国开始着重发展服务业,由此引起世界服务贸易结构的改变,以运输、旅游传统服务部门日益向知识技术密集型服务转变,而我国这些年仍以运输、旅游等传统的服务贸易为主,结构落后。美国是世界上服务贸易最发达的国家,引入美国与我国进行对比研究,为我国向发达服务经济国家迈进提供参考目标。