日本引进外国直接投资与经济结构改革

20世纪90年代中期以后，日本一方面加大了引进外国直接投资的力度，另一方面又开始了新一轮经济结构改革，这两方面存在着密切的联系。随着外国直接投资的大量进入，日本对劳动力市场、企业和金融制度、税收制度等进行了重大的改革。从未来趋势看，引进外国直接投资可能在日本经济结构改革中有更强的促进作用。     

日本引进外国直接投资与提高经济活力分析

20世纪90年代中期前后,日本政府设立了专门机构并制定和实施了专门的计划来吸引外国直接投资,从而加大了引进外国直接投资的力度,外国直接投资的流入量也在不断增加。尽管在日本外国直接投资流出量和流入量不平衡以及流入量相对较少的状况没有根本改观,但是,逐渐增加的对日直接投资还是给东道国经济注入了新的活力,除了资金、技术和管理方法等经营资源流入以外,在振兴地方经济、提高企业全要素生产力和解决雇佣问题等方面也起到了非常重要的作用。     

大地震后外资对日本直接投资新特点与积极效应

长期以来,日本都是"对外直接投资大国、对内直接投资小国①"。然而,东日本大地震加快了日本经济国际化步伐,促使日本政府积极创造良好的投资环境来吸引外资,而中国企业则成为日本吸收外资的主要来源国。显然,外国企业增加对日直接投资,将推动日本公司治理结构的改革,有利于日本建立具有竞争力的雇佣制度和企业关系,从而构建"新日本经营模式"。为了进一步推动跨国公司在日本的技术研发和投资,日本必须抓紧构筑新的竞争优势和战略。而中国企业应加快中日"双向投资"步伐,提高其投资效率。     

改进吸引外国直接投资的机制与政策

在实施振兴东北老工业基地战略的背景下，应辽宁省政府邀请，世界银行外国投资咨询服务部（FIAS）组成一个专家组，进行了“辽宁外国直接投资环境的诊断性研究”，这次研究的目的是找出阻碍外国直接投资（FDI）进入辽宁的因素，提出改进的建议，以发送辽宁的投资环境，鼓励外国投资者前来投资，同时，通过外国直接投资引导辽宁的企业和产品进入国际市场。     

日本对内直接投资政策的演化、原因及未来动向

战后日本的引进外资政策经历了从限制外资进入到积极欢迎鼓励外国企业直接投资的变化．政策变化的原因在于日本经济发展内外环境的变迁要求政府政策也要做相应的调整。今后日本将会进一步放宽各种有关对内直接投资的规制．     

加入WTO对厦门投资环境与引进外资的影响——基于区位理论的一种分析

(一)厦门引进外国直接投资的基本特征与厦门投资环境分析 与全国其他地区相比,设立经济特区20年来,厦门引进外国直接投资突出地表现为以下三方面的特征:     

越南外国直接投资：特点与问题

本文分析了越南近13年来引进外国直接投资的特点，指出了引资工作中存在的主要问题，并对今后越来引进外资的对策提出了看法。     

跨国公司在华投资的特征和趋势研究

近年来，随着外国直接投资流入的不断增加，跨国公司投资在我国出现了新的发展趋势，本文分析了我国投资环境存在一些函待解决的问题，提出了适应跨国公司的企业并购，系统化投资等发展趋势，将有利于我国的对外开放和经济建设。     

日本对中小企业对外投资的政策支持分析

日本中小企业对外直接投资起步较晚，但发展较为迅速。究其缘由，这与日本政府实行的对外直接投资自由化措施、配套的保险和金融等方面的政策、有效的海外投资促进体系、完善的中小企业对外直接投资服务机构是分不开的。我国中小企业发展面临着与日本中小企业发展相似的投资环境．因此，研究日本对中小企业对外投资的政策支持对指导我国中小企业对外投资政策的制定具有重要的指导意义。     

国际直接投资：流出下降 流入剧增

2004年《世界投资报告》公布，2003年全球外国直接投资流入量已连续3年下滑，跌至5600亿美元，主要原因是发达国家外国直接投资流入流量下降了1/4，达到3760亿美元，创下了6年中的最低水平。而发达国家的外国直接投资流出流量却增加了4％，达到5700亿美元。日本作为发达国家中的重要成员，其外国直接投资状况虽然不可避免地要受到国际背景的影响，但是，在2004年日本对外、对内外国直接投资上还是体现出了与其他主要发达国家不同的特点。     

An East Asian paradigm?

The World Bank's 1993 East Asian Miracle report proposed two models of East Asian Development, one based on the Japanese economy, the other on the more recent miracle economies of Southeast Asia. The latter pursued open-market and investment policies compatible with Anglo-American economic norms, while Japan and its coterie (South Korea and Taiwan) forged industrial policy regimes with high levels of government intervention and protection. Japan takes a different view of Southeast Asian success—as a combination of conscious emulation of Japan and concentrated Japanese foreign direct investment, aid, and regional industrial strategy. This article explores the tension between the World Bank thesis and the Japanese view, embodied in a growth metaphor called flying geese. The author concludes that Japan has been far more reactive and opportunistic than the flying geese metaphor suggests, but that this paradigm has a profound influence on Japanese government and corporate strategy in Asia.     

Spatial determinants of Japanese FDI in China

Research on foreign direct investment in China has spawned an increasingly large literature. Whilst regional cleavages with respect to the distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) are acknowledged, empirical research on the spatial determinants of FDI in China has been limited. Furthermore, research on the spatial determinants of home country FDI in China has thus far been neglected due to difficulties in accessing the appropriate data. The objective of this paper is to examine the spatial determinants of Japanese direct investment in China by using an econometric model. To that purpose, a dataset is created from the Toyo Keizai directory on the overseas activities of Japanese companies. The results show that tertiary education, inland waterways, as well as coastal location are positive and significant determinants of Japanese investment in China.     

柬埔寨吸引外商直接投资优惠政策之探究

自1993年新政府成立以来,由于柬埔寨深化实行自由市场经济体制和对外开放政策,努力完善外商投资法,改进投资环境,其外商直接投资不断发展。随着国家间的投资来往越来越多,为了挑战日益激烈的国际经贸竞争,目前柬埔寨政府出台一套新外商直接投资优惠政策,以吸引更多外国投资者来柬埔寨投资。本文对柬埔寨外商直接投资优惠政策之探究划分为四个部分来探讨:第一,柬埔寨外商直接投资的比较优势;第二,柬埔寨吸引外商直接投资政策的演变;第三,柬埔寨吸引外商直接投资优惠政策实施的主要制约因素;第四,柬埔寨吸引外商直接投资优惠政策的理性定位思考。     

福建省外商直接投资区位选择因素分析及对策建议

外商直接投资对福建省经济发展起了极为重要的作用,在吸引外商直接投资方面,福建有得天独厚的"山海侨台"优势,也有投资环境不够完善的地方,本文根据统计年鉴的相关数据,对福建省外商直接投资的区位选择进行了分析,并就如何改善福建省外商直接投资环境给出了加强完善外商投资的产业导向,改善投资软环境,加强区域经济合作等相应的政策建议。     

A macroeconomic model of direct investment in foreign affiliates of Japanese firms

This paper analyses the operations of the Japanese multinational corporations in the world economy by constructing and estimating a Japanese foreign direct investment system. This system models the determinants of manufacturing foreign direct investment (FDI), the trade between Japan and her overseas affiliates as well as the sales of the manufacturing subsidiaries and those of the trading subsidiaries. The error-correction modelling techniques are adopted for estimation in order to capture both the short- and long-run adjustment processes. Finally, simulations are conducted on the model to analyse the effects of changes in the world economy.     

The impact of affinity on world economic integration: The case of Japanese foreign direct investment

This paper finds that a country's affinity with a foreign country has a positive effect on foreign direct investment flows from it to that country, by analyzing Japanese foreign direct investment outflows during the period of 1995–2009. A rise in a country's affinity with a foreign country is thought to enhance its trust in that country and as a result lower the transaction costs of its economic activities with it, thereby helping to promote its foreign direct investment flows to the country. These findings imply that a rise in affinity among countries is likely to facilitate international economic integration.     

Restructuring the regional distribution of FDI: The case of Japanese and US FDI

There have been numerous changes in the international economic environment for foreign direct investment (FDI) over the past decades. More than ever, the trend towards globalization has stimulated both firms and countries to establish closer cross-border economic linkages and interdependence throughout the world. This study finds evidence that there has been a convergence in the regional distribution pattern between Japanese and US manufacturing FDIs among six host regions in the period of 1976–1996. We also present evidence that this convergence can be accounted for by the converging responses to competitive advantages of the investing and host country firms, and of the resource endowments of investing and recipient nations.     

企业国际化发展中税收政策运用的国际比较

政府税收政策的制定和实施对企业的国际化发展起重要的促进作用,无论在发达国家还是发展中国家,税收政策都为企业的发展融入全球经济提供了必不可少的条件。随着中国经济形势的变化和发展,我国税收政策面临诸多挑战,和发达国家比较,不仅存在一些不合理的因素,甚至和有些发展中国家的某些税收政策相比,也有不足之处。本文试图分别从出口、海外引资及境外投资等3种企业国际化主要形式入手,对比典型发达国家及发展中国家与我国政府税收政策的差异、优劣,佐证企业的国际化发展绝对离不开政府税收政策的支持和指导,也离不开具体的税收制度提供的服务和帮助。     

日元升值对日本进出口贸易的影响及其对我国的启示

20世纪70年代以来日元升值与日本对外贸易的关系表明:从短期看日元剧烈升值对日本对外贸易造成一定的冲击,但日本政府和企业采取相应措施缓解了日元升值对其带来的负面影响,即通过调整产业结构、加强科技创新、发展对外直接投资等措施来化解矛盾;从长期看日元升值并没有给日本对外贸易的增长造成实质性影响。研究日元升值与日本对外贸易间的关系,对同样面临人民币升值压力的我国具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Exports, FDI, and Productivity: Dynamic Evidence from Japanese Firms

This paper examines the relationship between exports, foreign direct investment, and firm productivity. Using longitudinal panel data on Japanese firms, it is found that the most productive firms engage in exports and foreign direct investment, medium productive firms engage in either exports or foreign direct investment, and the least productive firms focus only on the domestic market. Moreover, exports and foreign direct investment appear to improve firm productivity once the productivity convergence effect is controlled for. Firms that retain a presence in foreign markets, either by exports or foreign direct investment, show the highest productivity growth, which contributes to improvements in national productivity. JEL no. F10, F20, D21