Connecting Optimal Capital Investment and Equity Returns

Economic theory predicts a contemporaneous correlation between equity returns and investment growth that is only weakly present in the data. By modifying the firm's production function to include a lag between investment decisions and expenditures, and after correcting for the temporal aggregation of investment, I find the predicted correlation to be present in the data. I estimate the model for 31 industries and find that investment returns are highly correlated with the industry portfolio equity returns. Further, the portion of investment returns orthogonal to equity returns is associated positively with changes in profitability and negatively with lagged differences between equity and investment returns.     

投资者保护与权益资本成本的关系探讨

本文以沪深两市2003年576家上市公司为研究样本，以权益资本成本为因变量，以本文所构建的投资者保护指数为自变量，运用多元回归方法对两者关系进行检验分析。研究发现：投资者保护与权益资本成本呈显著负相关关系，即使在考虑了公司规模、Beta系数、行业影响等因素后，两者之间的负相关关系仍然显著，这就证明我国上市公司虽然整体投资者保护水平不高，但公司之间的保护程度仍有重大差异；我国证券市场上的投资者已经能够在一定程度上区别对待投资者保护水平不同的上市公司。     

Dividend Taxes and Implied Cost of Equity Capital

We estimate firm‐level implied cost of equity capital based on recent advances in accounting and finance research and examine the effect of dividend taxes on the cost of equity capital. We investigate whether dividend taxes affect firms' cost of capital by testing the relation between the implied cost of equity capital and a measure of the tax‐penalized portion of dividend yield, which we define as the product of dividend yield and the dividend tax penalty. The results generally support the dividend tax capitalization hypothesis. We find a positive relation between the implied cost of equity capital and the tax‐penalized portion of dividend yield that is decreasing in aggregate institutional ownership, our proxy for tax‐advantaged investors. The evidence in this study adds to the understanding of the effect of investor‐level taxes on equity value.     

公司的资本成本与投资理性——来自沪深上市公司的证据

本文对我国上市公司的投资行为及其影响因素进行了实证研究。结果表明：（1）上市企业的投资决策受资本成本的约束显著，符合市场理性；（2）企业投资对内部现金流、外部负债融资和股权融资都具有敏感性，但回归系数依序递减，可能说明了不同融资形式的成本差异；（3）产品市场需求增长为企业带来了有价值的投资机会，具有拉动企业投资的显著作用。     

企业社会责任信息披露与权益资本成本

运用理论分析和实证检验的方法从权益资本成本的角度研究我国上市公司企业社会责任信息披露的经济动机.研究发现:上市公司上期权益资本成本越高,本期披露社会责任报告的可能性越大,说明降低权益资本成本是上市公司决定是否披露社会责任报告的重要经济动机;对于首次披露企业社会责任报告的公司,上期权益资本成本越高,本期社会责任信息披露质量越高;但对非首次披露企业社会责任报告的公司来说,披露企业社会责任报告的资本成本动机不显著.     

Taxes, Leverage, and the Cost of Equity Capital

We examine the associations among leverage, corporate and investor level taxes, and the firm's implied cost of equity capital. Expanding on Modigliani and Miller [1958, 1963] , the cost of equity capital can be expressed as a function of leverage and corporate and investor level taxes. Based on this expression, we predict that the cost of equity is increasing in leverage, and that corporate taxes mitigate this leverage‐related risk premium, while the personal tax disadvantage of debt increases this premium. We empirically test these predictions using implied cost of equity estimates and proxies for the firm's corporate tax rate and the personal tax disadvantage of debt. Our results suggest that the equity risk premium associated with leverage is decreasing in the corporate tax benefit from debt. We find some evidence that the equity risk premium from leverage is increasing in the personal tax penalty associated with debt.     

智力资本信息披露对股权资本成本的影响

本文利用智力资本信息披露大样本数据,研究智力资本信息披露对股权资本成本的影响机制.研究表明:(1)总体智力资本、人力资本信息披露与股权成本负相关.(2)相对于内控质量较低的企业,内控质量高的企业披露智力资本与人力资本信息,能够更有效地降低股权成本.(3)与竞争缓和环境中的企业相比,激烈竞争环境中的企业的智力资本、人力资本信息披露对股权成本的降低作用更强.此外,总体智力资本、人力资本信息披露能够通过缓解信息不对称、减少买卖价差的中介路径发挥降低股权成本的作用.     

Industry Cost of Equity Capital: UK Evidence

Abstract:  This paper explores the industry cost of equity capital for the UK. We replicate the Fama and French (1997) US analysis for UK industries, but additionally investigate the industry cost of equity capital obtained from a conditional CAPM, the Cahart (1997) four factor model, and the Al-Horani, Pope and Stark (2003) R&D model. In line with the Fama-French US results, the out of sample performance of all the models is disappointing Whilst the FF3F model has a somewhat higher explanatory power than the CAPM in terms of explaining past returns, the SMB and HML factor slopes show considerable variability through time. However, all our models of the cost of equity capital in the UK outperform a simple 'beta one' model, a result that has implications for the regulatory process. There is also some evidence to suggest that a conditional CAPM may be of interest to regulators. The new R&D model of Al-Horani et al. clearly has potential, in that over the limited period for which data is available it yields return errors not dissimilar to those found under the FF3F model, but exhibits slope coefficients on the fourth R&D factor that seem to be relatively stable.     

市场化进程、自愿性信息披露和权益资本成本

基于市场化进程中政府对企业干预程度的差异,本文研究市场化进程对自愿性信息披露与权益资本成本关系的影响。研究发现,市场化进程对自愿性信息披露与权益资本成本的负相关关系起加强作用;更进一步地,在市场化进程较低的地区,受较强的政府干预的影响,国有上市公司比非国有上市公司自愿性信息披露与权益资本成本的相关关系更弱,相反,在市场化进程较高的地区,政府会减少对企业的干扰,非国有上市公司相比于国有上市公司对这种影响的弹性更大,表现在非国有上市公司比国有上市公司更能通过披露较多的自愿性信息来降低权益资本成本。     

风险资本、制度效率与企业投资偏好

风险资本在促进经济转型和企业可持续发展中有重要作用。现有研究主要集中在风险资本对改善公司治理、提高投资效率等整体性影响,尚未深入到具体投资活动。本文以A股公司为样本,基于投资偏好,考察风险资本改善企业投资效率的内在方式。结果发现,有风险资本参与的企业长期投资强度更高而短期交易水平显著降低,尤其是资本性支出显著高于没有风险资本参与的企业;并且在制度效率较好的地区,上述影响更为明显;联合投资方式和风险资本的国有背景,均能对长期投资强度产生显著正向影响,但没有证据表明外资背景的风险资本具有显著影响投资决策的能力。考察风险资本对成熟企业投资偏好的影响,为探索风险资本促进传统产业转型升级提供了可行方向。     

信息披露、收益不透明度与权益资本成本

本文以1993年至2001年间我国证券市场进行股权再融资的上市公司为样本,深入考察我国证券市场上市公司信息披露质量与公司权益资本成本的关系。结果表明,在控制其他一些影响因素之后,上市公司信息披露质量与公司权益资本成本呈显著的负相关关系;对上市公司而言,提高信息披露的质量有助于降低公司的权益资本成本。同时,本文还发现,上市公司权益资本成本不仅受到前一年信息披露质量的影响,还受到前四年信息披露质量的影响。所以,上市公司管理者为了降低公司再融资的权益资本成本,应该持之以恒地致力于保持较高的信息披露质量。     

会计稳健性、信息不对称与股权融资成本

本文以沪深股市2006—2015年非金融行业上市公司为初始样本,结合我国的产权性质,考察了会计稳健性与股权融资成本的关系,并采用中介效应分析方法,探讨了会计稳健性对股权融资成本的可能影响路径。研究发现:第一,会计稳健性与股权融资成本负相关,信息不对称水平是会计稳健性影响股权融资成本的一个中介变量。第二,相对于国有企业,非国有企业会计稳健性对股权融资成本的降低作用更加显著。     

环境不确定性、客户集中度与权益资本成本

客户是企业重要的外部利益相关者,对企业生产经营的诸多方面存在影响,现有探讨客户经济后果的文献已较为丰富,却鲜见关注客户影响企业权益资本成本的研究。对我国2007-2014年A股专业化经营的制造业上市公司的实证分析显示:企业的客户集中度与其权益资本成本显著负相关,但这种显著的负相关关系只在环境不确定性较低时存在。此结果说明,在我国特定的市场环境中,大客户的存在被认为有利于促进供应链整合,改善企业经营状况,降低企业风险,并向市场传递积极信号,从而能降低企业的权益资本成本,但由于企业所面临市场形势的差异,客户集中度对其权益资本成本的影响存在异质性。     

A Re-examination of Disclosure Level and the Expected Cost of Equity Capital

This paper examines the association between the cost of equity capital and levels of annual report and timely disclosure, and investor relations activities. We estimate the cost of equity capital using the classic dividend discount model. We find that the cost of equity capital decreases in the annual report disclosure level but increases in the level of timely disclosures. The latter result is contrary to theory but is consistent with managers' claims that greater timely disclosures may increase the cost of equity capital, possibly through increased stock price volatility. We find no association between the cost of equity capital and the level of investor relations activities. We conclude that aggregating across different disclosure types results in a loss of information. Failing to include all disclosure types in regression analyses may lead to a correlated omitted variable bias and erroneous conclusions.     

长期股权投资的计税成本具有稳定性

由于税法与会计制度确认损益的口径不同,因此造成了长期股权投资的计税成本与会计成本存在差异. 例一:2002年1月2日,A公司以使用过的设备换入B公司300万普通股(准备长期持有),每股面值1元,占B公司普通股的20%,B公司所有者权益为1600万元.     

The Role of Information Precision in Determining the Cost of Equity Capital

We examine the association between the cost of equity capital and the quality of public and private information. We find an inverse relationship between the cost of capital and the precision of public information, but the effect is more than offset by a positive relationship between the cost of equity capital and the precision of private information. Public and private information precisions are positively correlated, and a model that fails to include both is vulnerable to a correlated omitted variable bias. The association between public and private information combined with their opposing effects on the cost of capital implies mangers should consider the relationship between public and private information when assessing their reporting strategy.     

论长期股权投资核算成本法与权益法的异同

长期股权投资核算的成本法和权益法，在概念、账户的设置、核算内容等方面存在一定的差异，而两在投资成本的确定方面遵循相同的原则。     

The Corporate Cost of Capital and the Return on Corporate Investment

We estimate the internal rates of return earned by nonfinancial firms on (i) the initial market values of their securities and (ii) the cost of their investments. The return on value is an estimate of the overall corporate cost of capital. The estimate of the real cost of capital for 1950–96 is 5.95 percent. The real return on cost is larger, 7.38 percent, so on average corporate investment seems to be profitable. A by-product of calculating these returns is information about the history of corporate earnings, investment, and financing decisions that is perhaps more interesting than the returns.     

权益法与投资资本法的评估结果差异分析

当采用权益法(直接法)和投资资本法(间接法)评估企业股权价值时,评估师可能会发现这两种方法评估结果并不相同。到底哪种方法正确?其结果差异的原因又是什么?本文将对这两个问题进行讨论。