Audit Fee Differential,Audit Effort,and Litigation Risk: An Examination of ADR Firms

Prior studies find that audit fees are higher for cross‐listed firms, and these studies primarily attribute the incremental fees to added litigation costs. In this study, we investigate whether the higher audit fees that foreign firms cross‐listed in the United States pay are also attributable to incremental audit effort associated with U.S. disclosure requirements and a more stringent U.S. auditing environment. By comparing audit fees of foreign cross‐listed firms to U.S. domiciled firms and to non‐cross‐listed foreign firms, we are able to decompose incremental audit fees into portions attributable to added audit effort and to added litigation costs. We find that, on average, foreign firms cross‐listed in the United States pay significantly higher fees than domestic U.S. firms and foreign firms that do not cross‐list. Furthermore, we find that audit effort is almost as important as litigation costs in explaining the higher fees associated with foreign cross‐listed firms; our estimates suggest that between 29 percent and 48 percent of the incremental fees are attributable to incremental audit effort. In addition, the total cross‐listing premium is increasing in the difference between the U.S. auditing regulatory environment and that of the home country of the cross‐listed firm. Our study improves our understanding of the role of audit effort in explaining the added fees charged by auditors when foreign firms cross‐list in the United States.     

Enterprise Risk Management and the Financial Reporting Process: The Experiences of Audit Committee Members,CFOs, and External Auditors

The recent financial crisis has brought to the forefront the need for companies to effectively manage their risks. In this regard, one approach that has gained prominence is enterprise risk management (ERM). Importantly, little is known about the link between ERM and the financial reporting process. This link is critical, because it is imperative that financial reporting adequately depicts the financial status (e.g., valuations, estimates) and associated risks of a company as revealed by ERM. Additionally, from an auditing perspective, ERM affects the risks of misstatement, which should impact audit planning. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to examine the experiences of audit partners, CFOs, and audit committee (AC) members (“the governance triad”) on the link between ERM and the financial reporting process. To determine whether members of the governance triad focus on monitoring, strategy, or both, we also examine their definition of and experiences with ERM with respect to agency and/or resource dependence theory. To address these issues, we conduct semistructured interviews of experienced individuals that form the governance triads from 11 public companies. There are three major findings from our study. First, importantly, all three types of participants see a strong link between ERM and the financial reporting process. Second, despite recognition of the broad nature of ERM, the predominant experiences of the actual roles played by triad members center on agency theory, while resource dependence may be relatively underemphasized by all triad members. Finally, CFOs and AC members indicate that auditors may be especially underutilizing ERM in the audit process, suggesting an “expectations gap.”     

重新界定民营大力发展民营

如何准确界定民营经济?发展民营经济主要应解决什么问题?对这些有不同看法的问题，作者提出了自己的见解。     

Legal Regime and Financial Reporting Quality

This article uses the Canadian environment, where French civil law (FCL) in the province of Quebec coexists with common law (CL) in the Rest of Canada (denoted as bijural), to test the thesis of the neutrality of the legal system with regard to financial reporting quality (FRQ). This single‐country design allows for a better control over other factors that influence FRQ. The FCL environment appears to encourage firms to publish accounting data of better quality due to the greater liability risk faced by auditors and corporate directors under that regime. These findings, based on 10 years of data and seven attributes of FRQ, are robust to different matching procedures and model specifications. This research contributes to the current debates in Canada as to whether financial market regulation under FCL and CL jurisdictions should be unified under a single CL national securities regulator. At the broader level, the results support claims that a more in‐depth understanding of the implementation of civil law and CL is needed rather than gross generalization about the two systems. These results especially call into question that CL regimes are unambiguously superior to civil law regimes in encouraging high‐quality financial reports.     

我国政府财务报告的现状、问题和对策

改革政府财务报告是当前国际社会共同关注的会计问题之一。从世界范围看,建立一套完整的政府会计准则体系,定期编制政府财务报告,反映政府财务信息已成为国际上加强政府公共管理、提高财政透明度的重要手段和通行惯例。我国已提出“立党为公、执政为民”的执政纲领和建立透明政府、绩效政府的目标。财政从单纯“分配”向综合“管理”转型,这需要改革政府会计及其报告制度。本文对政府组织活动、政府会计报告、美国政府会计的规范与报表、我国政府预算会计体系的现状和问题,以及改进政府会计报告及其分析方法的对策和建议进行阐述。这将有利于改革和完善我国政府财务报告制度,以及信息使用者的决策分析。     

金融海啸下供应链金融业务发展创新战略的研究

供应链金融是银行为产业供应链中单个企业或上下游多个企业提供全面的金融服务。文章通过论述供应链金融的内涵及发展现状,指出了当前供应链金融业务发展中的问题,并对全球金融海啸环境下供应链金融业务发展提出了供应链企业金融业务发展创新战略;供应链银行业务创新战略;供应链金融融资体系创新战略;供应链金融风险控制创新战略等新的战略思维。     

预算软约束、企业财务风险与审计定价

本文具体考察在上市公司存在预算软约束的情况下,我国的会计师事务所在审计定价时如何考虑上市公司的财务风险.研究结果表明:①事务所的审计收费与上市公司的负债比率之间呈显著的正相关关系;②在国有上市公司中,预算软约束程度的增加降低了公司的财务风险,因此审计收费与公司负债比率之间的正相关关系有所减弱;③在金融发展水平比较高的地区,预算软约束程度的减轻提高了公司的财务风险,因此审计收费与公司负债比率之间的正相关关系有所增强.这一研究结果说明,我国的会计师事务所在审计定价时不仅考虑了上市公司的财务风险,而且还会根据公司的预算软约束程度对其财务风险进行相应的调整.     

金融世家 基业长青——专访中华全国归国华侨联合会副主席、中国侨商联合会会长、亚洲金融集团（控股）有限公司董事长陈有庆

7月14日晚,北京,陈有庆在其下榻的酒店接受了SMEIF记者的采访。 他这次是以荣誉团长的身份随同香港侨界社团联会访京团参访北京的。虽然在此之前,他亦曾多次组织华商赴内地考察访问,不过,这次能够会见到国家副主席习近平,仍令他激动不已。     

Post-Enron Implicit Audit Reporting Standards: Sifting through the Evidence

Summary The accounting scandals and the demise of Andersen have increased auditors’ ex ante business risk. As a result, stock markets revised downward the value of the external audit (Callen and Morel (2002); Chaney and Philipich (2002); Krishnamurthy et al. (2002); Asthana et al. (2003)). One commonsensical reaction on behalf of auditors should have been to apply the existing rules more carefully and, thus, issue more non-clean opinions on the financial statements they have audited. This is exactly what we see. Closer scrutiny reveals that the higher incidence of non-clean audit opinions is not due to the (substantial) changes in the audit client list or their balance sheets. This study mirrors earlier results where auditors relaxed their standards following a drop in business risk (Geiger and Raghunandan, (2001), (2002); Francis and Krishnan, (2002)).Authors are listed just by alphabetical order. We gratefully acknowledge useful comments from participants at the 2004 American Accounting Association Midyear Auditing Section conference, and outstanding suggestions from an anonymous referee for De Economist. Any remaining errors are ours.     

企业财务报告质量问题及其治理对策

近年来,一些企业采用编造、变造、伪造等手法粉饰财务报告,以失真的财务信息误导企业利益相关者的行为十分普遍,严重扰乱了经济秩序,动摇了投资者的信心,对我国经济造成严重损害。本文对该问题产生的原因进行了分析,并根据财务报告应＂客观、充分地反映会计主体的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量,为利益相关者提供有用的财务信息＂的要求提出了治理对策。     

NBA的商业化运作策略浅析

中美大战引十数亿人关注中国将成NBA第一大市场2008年8月10日晚上,在国家篮球馆里,以姚明领衔的中国国家篮球队与美国梦八队进行了一场世纪之战,结果梦八队以101比70战胜中国。赛后NBA总裁大卫·斯特恩对记者说,这可能是有史以来观看人数最多的篮球比赛,中国将成为NBA的第一大市场。     

中美大战引十数亿人关注中国将成NBA第一大市场——NBA的商业化运作策略浅析

2008年8月10日晚上,在国家篮球馆里,以姚明领衔的中国国家篮球队与美国梦八队进行了一场”世纪之战”,结果梦八队以101比70战胜中国。赛后NBA总裁大卫·斯特恩对记者说,这可能是“有史以来观看人数最多的篮球比赛,中国将成为NBA的第一大市场”。     

中美大战引十数亿人关注中国将成NBA第一大市场NBA的商业化运作策略浅析

2008年8月10日晚上,在国家篮球馆里,以姚明领衔的中国国家篮球队与美国梦八队进行了一场世纪之战,结果梦八队以101比70战胜中国.赛后NBA总裁大卫·斯特恩对记者说,这可能是有史以来观看人数最多的篮球比赛,中国将成为NBA的第一大市场.     

Cumulative Prospect Theory and Managerial Incentives for Fraudulent Financial Reporting

Using samples of restating and nonrestating U.S. firms, the study empirically investigates the relationship between the incidence of fraudulent financial reporting and accounting‐based performance outcomes. The outcomes are framed as gains and losses relative to a reference point, defined as the mean performance of industry peers. Consistent with cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the findings show that fraud incidence is positively (negatively) related to the probability of a loss (gain); more (less) sensitive to the probability of a loss (gain) (i.e., loss‐aversion); and more (less) sensitive to an extra unit of the probability at a high‐ or low‐ (medium‐) probability level (i.e., nonlinear probability weighting function). The study extends the fraudulent financial reporting literature by formulating fraud incidence as a function of performance outcomes using peer performance as a reference point. By testing CPT's individual‐level behavioral implications on firm‐level archival data, the study reconceptualizes the investigation of fraudulent financial reporting in terms of risk attitude and extends prior investigations of CPT from laboratory experiments to a real‐world setting of fraudulent financial reporting.     

北京国际科技创新枢纽建设与世界城市战略研究

科技创新能力是世界城市影响力、控制力形成与发展的基础。北京建设世界城市的过程,本质上是不断提升北京国际影响力与控制力的过程。国际科技创新枢纽建设的核心是强化枢纽功能,是对北京科技体系在国际、国家科技体系中的功能定位的概括。因此,强化北京国际科技创新枢纽功能是推进北京世界城市建设的战略突破口和着力点。     

美国：财政政策VS货币政策

凯恩斯主义能否再度辉煌？三十多年前,美国前总统尼克松曾说,“现在,我们都是凯恩斯主义者。”三十年以来,弗里德曼的货币学说和理性预期等理论在八十年代后大行其道,没有多少人再跳出来做凯恩斯主义者了。直到2008年……     

Strategic Tax and Financial Reporting Decisions: Theory and Evidence*

This paper examines the effect of book‐tax differences on the probability that a transaction is audited and the probability that additional taxes are collected. It constructs a stylized model in which the taxpayer reports both financial accounting income and taxable income. The government observes both reports before deciding whether to conduct an audit. The analysis of the equilibrium yields two hypotheses. First, the probability that the government will audit a transaction is higher if the transaction generates a positive book‐tax difference (e.g., an expenditure that is deducted for tax purposes but capitalized for financial reporting purposes) than if the transaction generates no book‐tax difference. Second, conditional on being selected for audit, transactions with and without book‐tax differences are equally likely to have detected understatements of tax liability. These hypotheses are tested using Internal Revenue Service (IRS) data from the Coordinated Examination Program. The empirical tests are consistent with the predictions of the strategic tax compliance model.     

论企业战略与财务战略的关系

企业战略是企业为了实现长期的经营目标,在与外部环境相协调的基础上有效地整合企业内部的所有资源,所形成的规划企业经营活动的总谋略。企业财务战略是指在企业内外部环境分析的基础上,对企业的资金流动特别是营业现金流量进行长期性、整体性的谋划与设计。企业战略与财务战略之间是整体与局部的关系,企业战略对财务战略具有指导作用;企业财务战略不仅对企业战略及其子战略起支持作用,而且企业财务战略对企业战略及其他职能子战略具有制约作用;企业财务战略关注的重点是营业现金流的状况,而企业制定战略时首先要考虑营业收入和利润的规模。