中国外汇储备适度规模影响因素的实证分析

从1985年-2004年中国外汇储备适度规模的影响因素来看，外商直接投资是影响中国外汇储备适度规模的主导因素，外债规模、广义货币、进口与当年本国GDP同样是影响中国外汇储备适度规模的主要因素，各种因素对外汇储备的影响力度差距并不大。因此，在测算中国外汇储备适度规模时要综合考虑各种因素的作用。1985年-2004年，中国的外汇储备经历了不足-适度-超额的变动过程。中国已经出现超额外汇储备，为此需要采取相关措施加以解决。     

An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Foreign Aid: A Panel Approach

This paper uses a panel approach to examine the determinants of foreign aid. It examines the extent to which taxes on international trade and the scope of government activities, ethnicity, private credit, and education determine foreign aid. The paper specifies and estimates a model that explains the allocation of foreign aid among 151 countries over the period 1975 to 1998. The key empirical finding suggests that Taxes on Trade increases foreign aid dependency. Moreover, trade, private credit, foreign direct investment, GDP per worker, and government consumption are important determinants of foreign aid. The factors that appear to decrease foreign aid include: Years of schooling, private credit, trade, and GDP per worker. The factors that appear to increase foreign aid include: Taxes on international trade, ethnicity, and government consumption.     

我国外汇储备急剧增长的原因及实证检验

截至2011年6月,我国外汇储备已高达31 975亿美元。贸易顺差、人民币汇率、外商直接投资和货币供给量被普遍认为是影响我国外汇储备规模的普遍因素。通过实证分析探讨了这些因素与外汇储备急剧增长之间的关系,并给出了相应的政策建议。     

中西部地区的经济发展与吸引外资:政策取向及其实效分析

自70年代末期以来，中国中西部地区的经济发展速度明显慢于东部沿海地区，外资注入较少是导致这种状况的一个重要原因。本文的前半部分，将分析造成这种差距的原因。今后十年，两个重要因素将引导更多的外资投向中西部地区。第一，中央和地方政府都在致力于通过投资环境和制定优惠政策，引导外资流入中西部地区。第二，随着中国加WTO，中国的外资政策更加开放，允许外同进入更多的领域和采用更加多样灵活的投资方式。本文的后一部分，将分析这两个方面的因素对中西部地区利用外资和地区经济发展的影响。     

外资企业税收优惠的非效率性

本文中所说的“外资企业” ,是指由非本国常住单位的自然人和法人投资的企业 ,包括由它们独资或与本国企业合资或合作经营的企业 ,也就是人们通常所说的“三资企业”。最近 2 0年来 ,这一类外资企业在我国享受到了不少税收优惠 ,这些税收优惠使适用于这些外资企业的企业所得税和流转税的税率都明显低于本国企业 (许善达 ,1 999)。本文使用数学模型进行的理论分析将说明 ,这样的税收优惠是无效率的 ,其净结果是降低了本国居民所享受的福利。为了能够进行严格的数量化分析 ,我们必须把外资企业税收优惠的影响分成两个不同的方面 :总收入效应和…     

The Ramaswami Argument in a Multi-commodity Setting

This paper considers the optimum taxes and tariffs in a multi-commodity setting. Using the argument in Ramawami (1968), I show that when all goods and factors are tradable, the home country should buy out all the foreign factors. Conditions for the optimal terms of trade are also analyzed. In a single consumption good model, the foreign factors should be bought out at the foreign autarky prices. This result is only partially true in the more general setting. While factor mobility should be prohibited before the buy-out, non-prohibitive tariffs have to be imposed on trade in goods to attain the optimum terms of trade.     

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment

Despite the growing interest in capital and technology issues, certain issues still remain to be explored regarding the determinants of foreign direct investment by a multinational corporation and the corporation's consequent choice of investment location. This paper addresses some of these concerns by analyzing the determinants of foreign direct investment by a multinational corporation, both theoretically and empirically. For this purpose, the paper integrates a number of traditional and nontraditional variables into the standard theory of investment based on the maximization of the expected value of the firm. The theoretical model implies that both traditional as well as nontraditional factors matter in determining the flows of foreign direct investment in a country. The generalized investment theory on US foreign direct investment then is tested empirically utilizing panel data for 44 countries from 1983 to 1990. The estimation results provide considerable support for the importance of both traditional and nontraditional factors in determining flows of foreign direct investment in a country. Furthermore, the country-specific dummies show high level of significance, reflecting the importance of the country-specific characteristics in explaining flows of foreign direct investment.     

外商在华直接投资动机与区位因素分析——对秦皇岛市外商直接投资的实证研究

外商直接投资区位是现代区位理论研究的前沿问题之一。本文采用问卷调查的方法 ,对秦皇岛市 1 3 5个外商投资企业来华投资的动机及其在秦皇岛市投资所考虑的区位因素进行了实证分析。根据因子分析 ,外商在华投资动机可以归纳为生产投入与市场动机、生产服务动机、文化联系和感情动机、利用优惠政策和降低投资风险动机、竞争动机以及出口动机 ,而影响外商在秦皇岛市投资的主要区位因素可归纳为城市经济文化环境因素、交易成本因素、生产投入供应因素、市场因素以及投入成本因素。同时 ,本文还采用方差分析和T检验 ,验证了各外商投资动机和区位因素的相对重要性是否因外资企业开业时间、投资规模、投资来源、投资产业、企业经济类型以及是否出口而存在差异。     

Foreign Factor Ownership and Optimal Tariffs

In the presence of foreign factor ownership tariffs change not only the terms of (goods) trade but also income flows between countries. Assume that only the home country owns factors abroad. Then the optimal tariff is negative if and only if foreign factor ownership entails trade-pattern reversals. Trade-pattern reversals are neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for a negative optimal tariff if the foreign country owns factors in the home country. Changes in the home country's tariff shift the foreign country's offer curve. This adds a new dimension to optimal tariff analysis.     

贸易顺差、资本流入与中国外汇储备规模增长

本文通过协整检验和Granger因果关系检验,对影响我国外汇储备规模快速增长的诸因素进行了实证分析。分析结果表明,（1）我国外汇储备规模与年出口额、外国证券投资、外商直接投资、外债还本付息额具有长期的稳定关系。（2）年出口规模与外汇储备规模之间具有单向因果关系,是造成外汇储备快速增长的主要原因。（3）外商直接投资、外国证券投资和外汇储备规模具有正向相关关系,其影响强度较弱;而外债还本付息额与外汇储备呈负向相关关系。（4）1986年～2009年间,贸易顺差对外汇储备规模增长的贡献度约为68%,而资本流入约为32%。本文基于实证分析结果认为,采取贸易项目收支平衡战略以减少外汇储备过度增长是最佳的选择。     

An augmented P-star model of Indian inflation

ABSTRACT

An augmented P-Star model is estimated and tested to identify the drivers of inflation in India. The model includes monetary and non-monetary factors, demand-pull and cost-push factors, and domestic as well as foreign factors. The results show that inflation in India is driven by a combination of monetary factors and non-monetary factors, some of which affect inflation on the supply side while others operate on the demand side. It turns out, however, that inflation in India is determined more by domestic rather than foreign factors.     

东道国ESP系统与东道国外商直接投资特征研究--以中国为例

国际直接投资地域结构的时空差异性对忽视东道国因素的传统国际投资理论提出了挑战。文章研究了东道国因素对国际生产资本地域运动的影响，提出了国际直接投资是东道国因素与投资主体三优势综合作用的结果，东道国环境、体制、政策系统的状态特征决定了东道国外资特征等观点，并实证研究了中国改革开放进程与外商对华投资规模和结构的内在互动性。     

一个基于金融稳定的外汇储备分析框架——兼论中国外汇储备的适度规模

本文构建一个包含外汇储备、金融不稳定、资本流动以及实体经济变量的系统分析框架,探讨影响新兴市场经济体外汇储备的相关因素,继而模拟出中国合意的外汇储备规模。研究结果表明,若国内金融稳定受到冲击或者跨境资本流动日益频繁,外汇储备在广义货币量中的占比就会增加;金融不稳定和实体经济状况对外汇储备占比的边际影响都呈现递减的态势,说明外汇储备的作用是有限度的。另外,模拟结果显示,在确保国内金融稳定的前提下,目前中国的外汇储备总量并不过度,正处于合意的区间范围之内。     

江苏省外商直接投资(FDI)时空演变及区位决策因素

1990年代以来,江苏省实际利用FDI增长迅速。随着时间的推移,FDI的利用方式、来源国或地区、行业分布都发生了较大的变化。FDI的利用在苏南、苏中、苏北之间以及县(市)之间存在显著的空间差异,借助经济计量方法,对空间差异形成因素进行了探讨,主要包括区位因素、经济因素、劳动力因素、积聚因素和对外开放程度等。     

FDI,Foreign Aid,Remittance and Economic Growth in Developing Countries

Using a dynamic spatial framework, this paper investigates how foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign aid and remittances impact the economic growth of 53 African and 34 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Previous growth studies examine how one factor or two of these factors impacts economic growth, which results in biased estimation because of the omitted variable(s). Separate estimation shows foreign aid and FDI affects economic growth in Africa, but when we control for all three factors, only FDI affects African economic growth. For Latin America and the Caribbean, foreign aid and remittances affect growth when estimated separately, while remittances affect growth when they are estimated simultaneously. Finally, both regions' results confirm spatial interdependence is important in explaining economic growth, as growth in one country depends on the growth of its neighboring countries.     

Foreign Investment and National Interests in the Russian Oil and Gas Industry

This article examines the political economy of foreign direct investment in the Russian oil and gas industry in order to explain the limited role of foreign capital in this sector. There are three forms of foreign direct investment in the Russian oil and gas industry: (1) joint ventures, (2) investment within the framework of a production sharing agreement (PSA) and (3) foreign equity investment. The development of these three forms of foreign direct investment is analysed with special reference to the interests of the parties involved, before a conclusion on the political factors determining the conditions for foreign investment is made.     

Foreign Language Learning and Trade

The paper is devoted to an econometric analysis of learning foreign languages in all parts of the world. Our sample covers 193 countries and 13 important languages. Four factors significantly explain learning: world population of speakers of home language, trade with speakers of foreign language, linguistic distance between home and foreign language and literacy. Trade may well deserve more emphasis than the other three factors, not only for its significance, but also because its direction can change faster and by a larger order of magnitude. Controlling for any of the 13 target languages, including English, is of no particular importance.     

对外经济政策的国内政治影响因素——国际政治经济学的视角

作为西方主流经济学的国际经济学,忽视了国内政治因素尤其是政治制度在对外经济政策中的重要作用。国际政治经济学作为一门新兴学科,将政治因素纳入了经济学的分析框架,从政治与经济相互结合的视角探讨影响对外经济政策的因素。在实行代议民主制的国家,作为政治制度主要行为体的利益集团和左右翼政党的政策偏好,以及不同的民主模式,对贸易政策、汇率政策和资本流动政策的选择都具有十分重要的影响。     

提升利用外资质量:理论分析与对策思路

在提升利用外资质量上,现有研究更多地关注本土生产要素,尤其是劳动力素质的提高和外资开放领域的不断扩大对吸引高端FDI的重要作用。但从实践情况来看,现有的努力包括鼓励外资向高端投资的政策导向,似乎并没有如我们预期那样带动FDI向高端领域流入。尽管我国加入世界贸易组织以后,经济已经不是"出口导向型"经济而是开放型经济,但由于体制、机制、外资外贸政策等因素作用,来华投资的外资却表现出明显的"出口导向"特征,实际上把中国作为全球的加工厂,这就严重影响了中国利用外资水平和层次的提升。因此,发挥中国国内市场规模优势,破除各种体制机制等障碍因素,适时调整外资外贸政策,应当成为中国提升外资利用质量的着力点。     

文化视野下中国传媒的对外政治传播

大众传媒是对外政治传播的重要载体,大众传媒的实力决定着一国对外政治传播的影响力。文化视野下的中国传媒对外政治传播重视对外政治信息传播中文化因素的运用及与对外文化传播的配合推进以达致理想的影响力。在追求政治传播影响力的过程中,传媒如何在尊重传统文化和呈现现代中国当中寻求到平衡的支点,是后续研究应该关注的问题。