Acculturation,Ethnic Consumers,and Food Consumption Patterns

This article describes an investigation of the impact of acculturation on consumer behavior. The relationship between a four-phased acculturation process and ethnic consumer behavior was studied. Korean immigrants were found to be venturesome in trying new foods during their early acculturation stages, but deferred large adoption until the assimilation stage. This careful adoption process if reflected in the increasing consumption frequency of both American food items and traditional ethnic food items through the first three acculturation stages.     

Theoretical and Applied Relevance of Consumer Limits to Processing Advertising

Abstract

This study investigates (1) how immigrant consumers change their media consumption when they move across cultural boundaries and (2) whether media exposure relates to consumers' acculturation of the new social norms. A total of 938 respondents from four sample groups including Hong Kong residents, long-time and new Hong Kong immigrants to Canada and English-speaking Caucasian Canadians responded to a predesigned questionnaire. It was found that while the immigrant groups did not increase their total media consumption, their consumption across different media types followed both assimilation and ethnic affirmation models. This acculturation process seemed to be affected by immigrants' original media consumption behavior and language ability. Media exposure was found to relate significantly to immigrants' acculturation of the new social norms after influences due to personal characteristics were removed.     

我国城乡居民食用农产品消费需求弹性比较——基于2003-2012年省级面板数据

文章利用AIDS模型,采用省级面板数据,对城乡居民主要食用农产品消费支出弹性及需求价格弹性进行估算,分析预算支出和价格变动对食用农产品消费的影响。结果表明：城乡居民对水产品和肉禽的消费支出均富有弹性,对粮食、植物油、蛋类和鲜瓜果的消费支出均缺乏弹性。农村居民对肉禽和蔬菜的支出弹性明显高于城镇居民。城乡居民对水产品的需求量对价格波动很敏感,但对粮食、肉禽、植物油、蔬菜和鲜瓜果的自价格弹性均为缺乏弹性。价格波动对城镇居民食用农产品消费的影响更大,而收入变动对农村居民食用农产品消费的影响更大。以上发现可为政府采取差别化政策引导居民改善食品消费结构及促进农业结构升级提供借鉴。     

基于时空特征的我国蔬菜流通及影响因素分析

文章基于我国2001-2012年31个省份的面板数据,以贸易引力理论为框架,运用空间动态面板模型,分析了时空效应下的我国蔬菜区域流通的时空相关性与影响因素,结果发现：蔬菜区域流通具有显著的时空相关性,存在较强的时间动态惯性和空间关联特征,表现在地区自身发展存在连续性;相邻地区存在互补效应;蔬菜输出地区蔬菜生产劳动力、土地、输入地区城镇总人口数以及农产品流通效率对蔬菜区域流通有正向影响,蔬菜输出地区农业生产资料价格指数、蔬菜生产价格指数对蔬菜流通有负向影响。其中,代表需求潜力的城镇人口数对蔬菜流通的影响最大。     

The Allocation of Food Expenditure in Married‐ and Single‐Parent Families

Differences in food expenditures in married‐ and single‐parent families are examined using the Consumer Expenditure Survey Diary Component (1990–2003). Single parents, compared to married parents, allocate a greater share of their food budget to alcohol and food purchased away from home; conversely, they spend a smaller share of their food budget on vegetables and fruits. Compared to married parents, single fathers spend a greater share on alcohol and food purchased away from home and a lesser share on vegetables, fruits, meat and beans, desserts and snacks, and prepared foods. Single mothers, compared to married parents, spend a greater share on grains and nonalcoholic beverages and a lesser share on vegetables and alcohol. Single mothers and fathers differ from each other in almost all categories of food and beverage expenditure. We also find important differences based on the employment status of parents in the household: families where all parents are employed, irrespective of family structure, spend a greater share of their food budgets on food purchased away from home and a lesser share on vegetables, fruits, milk, and meat and beans compared with married‐couple families in which the mother is not employed. We discuss ways in which family structure and parental employment status may be associated with food purchasing decisions.     

Changing Food Consumption Patterns and Their Impact on the Quick Service Restaurant Industry

Summary

During the past two decades there have been significant changes in U.S. food consumption patterns. Consumers are purchasing smaller quantities of milk, eggs, pork, and beef. They are consuming more poultry, fish, fruits and vegetables. Such trends in food demand are important since they may require corresponding changes in marketing and production strategies for the foodservice industry. This study investigates the driving forces that influence consumer food preferences and the trends in food consumption patterns, and consequently their influence on the Quick Service Restaurant industry.     

Restaurant Patronage and the Ethnic Groups in Singapore

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to assess the restaurant patronage practices (food habits) of three major ethnic groups (Chinese, Malays, and Indians) of Singapore. A total of 390 questionnaires were distributed. In spite of major cultural, socio-economic and religious differences, the three ethnic groups have common food habits while eating out. Eating at theme restaurants is not popular across the three ethnic groups. Among the ethnic groups under consideration, the food habits while eating out differed from the food habits of those groups while eating at home. The study indicated that all three ethnic groups eat out regularly. Chinese patronize quick service restaurants more frequently than the other ethnic groups. Chinese and Indians patronize “Hawker centers” more often than the Malays. Perception of nutrition and gender has very little affect on food habits while eating out. The obtained results partially supported the Barker's model.     

我国蔬菜出口的增长效应分析

本文运用恒定市场份额模型(CMS),对我国蔬菜出口贸易变动进行阶段分析,以寻找蔬菜出口增长的主要原因。实证结果发现,进口国的需求扩大是我国蔬菜出口持续增长的主要影响因素;商品结构效应对出口的阻碍作用逐渐减小;竞争力效应对1992-1997年期间的蔬菜出口增长具有重要作用,但对其它时期蔬菜出口增长效果不明显。对竞争力效应的近一步分解发现,新鲜蔬菜等传统优势产品竞争力效应下降,而加工蔬菜等产品竞争力效应增长。根据分析,最后提出针对性政策建议。     

葡萄酒消费行为影响因素分析

葡萄酒是一种健康的酒精饮料,在我国潜在消费市场巨大,发展前景良好。葡萄酒的消费行为受外在因素、内在因素、营销因素三个方面的影响。葡萄酒企业制定营销计划应以消费者为中心,针对葡萄酒消费市场的特点以及消费者的需求,巧妙灵活、广泛宣传葡萄酒健康功能、美容功能、社交功能,刺激消费者的购买欲望,建立消费者对葡萄酒的认知度和忠诚度。同时,结合我国传统文化、各区域历史、民族、饮食等文化,建立具有中国特色的葡萄酒文化,使葡萄酒真正的走进消费者的生活中。     

Exploring antecedents and consequences of consumer ethnocentrism: evidence from Asian immigrants in the US

The US is a multicultural society due to its growing number of ethnic minorities. These ethnic populations have made intracultural studies more difficult because of the different senses of identity and degrees of acculturation the varied groups possess. The current study examined the impact of perceived ethnicity (Asian vs. Asian American) and acculturation level (low vs. high) on consumer ethnocentrism towards the country of immigration (the US) and its consequences with respect to Asian immigrants, the fastest growing minority in the US. One hundred and eighty‐five responses from Asian immigrants were collected through a convenience sample from a university campus located in the southwest US as well as a snowball sampling technique. Results revealed that perceived ethnicity and acculturation play an important role in influencing Asian immigrants' ethnocentrism towards the US, which in turn affects their attitudes and behavioural intentions towards products made in the US. Implications and future research directions are suggested.     

Consumer Preferences and Customer Satisfaction Analysis: A New Method Proposal

The organic food market is currently the fastest growing food sector in the United States, with growth rates in organic food sales averaging 17% per year between 1998 and 2006. The largest segment within the organic market is fresh produce, comprising 34% percent of retail sales in 2006. This analysis focuses on identifying the demographic characteristics of households buying organic vegetables (in total) along with prepackaged organic salads and organic carrots, by examining the factors that influence the probability that a consumer will buy organic vegetables, and which factors influence the household share of organic vegetables purchased. We use Nielsen Homescan data for the year 2004. Households with high levels of education are more likely to purchase organic vegetables, while the probability of purchasing organic vegetables is lower for African Americans and for older households.     

Five-Stage Acculturation Process of Hispanic Consumers: Theory,Method, and Findings

This study aims at reproducing the acculturation process for adult consumers, introducing continuous measures to reveal the acculturation process’ dynamic nature, and identifying a transitional state. Using U.S. Hispanic consumers as a cardinal example, and six coordinated consumer samples, this study introduces continuous measures of cultural awareness and ethnic loyalty. The revision taken herein overcomes limitations of existing theories and models by better measuring two key forces shaping the acculturation process of Hispanic consumers and by finding a transitional state of resiliency, thereby showing that the process of consumer acculturation can best be reflected in a typology of five states.     

中国蔬菜生产技术效率及其影响因素分析

本文以西红柿、黄瓜、茄子、圆白菜、菜椒、大白菜、马铃薯等7种具有代表性的大宗蔬菜为例,采用超越对数形式的随机前沿生产函数模型,分析2003-2008年我国蔬菜生产的技术效率,并利用技术欠效率模型进一步分析影响这七种代表性蔬菜生产技术效率的因素,得出我国蔬菜生产技术效率大小及其影响因素的相关结论和政策含义。     

Consumers' Choice Factors of an Upscale Ethnic Restaurant

The demand for ethnic foods has increased worldwide, due to the influences of ethnic diversity, globally sourced food, cultural experiences, and media exposure. Despite the importance of restaurant choice criteria and a growth in the popularity of ethnic foods, published research on consumers' restaurant selection behavior that focuses on the ethnic restaurant segment is sparse. This research aims to fill this gap in the literature by empirically identifying the factors (and their relative importance) that influence consumers to dine at an upscale ethnic restaurant.

Focus group discussions and the literature review assist in identifying a set of factors that influence restaurant choice. A mail survey is used to collect the data. Factor analysis is applied to refine the decision factors. Logistic regression analysis identifies five significant factors that influence restaurant choice: dining experience, social status, service quality, food quality, and value for money.     

企业营销战略成本管理探讨

我国企业营销成本管理经过多年的发展,取得了一定的成绩,但仍存在很多问题,主要体现在营销成本支出膨胀,与销售增长不协调;营销策略不切合实际,导致营销成本支出的低效率等方面。为扭转这一困局,企业应将营销战略管理与成本管理相结合,突破传统思维模式,按照营销战略要求和成本管理的特征、程序确定成本管理战略;从战略高度对企业营销成本结果与成本行为进行全面控制,从而实现企业的可持续营销能力,获得持久竞争优势。     

Do Consumers Respond to Country-of-Origin Labelling?

Seafood was the first class of foods to fall under the 2002 US regulatory requirements for mandatory country-of-origin labelling (COOL). If this regulation created benefits for consumers, filling an information void by demanding information that the market did not, then there should have been an observable response in the demand for seafood. To gauge the impact, we examined markets most likely to respond. We estimated retail demand for shrimp, seafood that in the USA is largely sourced from Southeast Asia and has a history of raising food safety concerns. Our estimated demand systems included standard variables consistent with economic theory—price and expenditure changes, ongoing trends, and seasonality in consumption patterns. The demand systems also accounted for regulations that required country-of-origin labels for some, but not all, foods prior to COOL. Data came from a nationally representative panel of households that record retail food purchases, allowing us to construct relatively high-frequency market data suitable for testing for the presence of even short-lived impacts. Household demographic information allowed us to separately estimate demands by consumers most likely to respond to label information. The demand systems yielded reasonable price and expenditure elasticity estimates, but none of the variables related to COOL revealed evidence of an impact.     

Estimation of meat demand system in Jordan: an almost ideal demand system

This paper reports the results of the estimation of a linear approximate almost ideal demand system for Jordan meat demand using cross‐sectional data collected by the Department of Statistics in Jordan as part of the household expenditure survey. A censored regression method for the system of equation is used to analyse the meat consumption patterns. This method allows for inclusion of a large number of zero consumption for some foods. Two‐step demand system was estimated. In the first stage, Inverse Mill Ratio is estimated by using probit regression model. In the second stage, the estimated variable is included in the AIDS model to estimate food demand elasticities. The objective of this work is to provide econometric estimates of the different types of demand elasticities for meats in Jordan. To be consistent with the demand theory, the homogeneity, symmetry and adding up restrictions were satisfied in the estimated models. The estimated model was used to obtain estimates of Hicksian, Marshallian and expenditure demand elasticities for meats in Jordan. The results revealed that the demand for mutton and poultry is elastic while the demand for beef and fish is inelastic. The cross‐price elasticities indicate that poultry and beef are substitutes to mutton. The expenditure elasticities confirm that beef and mutton are luxury goods while poultry and fish are necessity goods.     

改革开放以来中国政府社会保障支出分析

改革开放以来,中国政府不断加大社会保障财政投入,取得了明显成效,为保障国民基本生活、维护社会稳定和促进经济发展发挥了重要作用。然而,我国社会保障财政投入与人民群众的社会保障需求还有较大的差距,不仅财政支出的总量不足,而且支出结构不合理,社会保障财政支出在调节收入分配方面的作用不理想。为此,本文提出了一些加强和完善社会保障财政支出的建议。     

农村集体土地流转及规模经营的绩效评价

在对不同时期土地规模经营与土地效率二者关系进行考察后,本文发现规模经营与土地效率之间的相关性在不同时期有着方向上的变异性。因此,通过土地流转实现规模经营进而提高土地效率存在着一定的外在约束性条件。当前,我国农村土地流转在促进农业产业结构调整、增加农民收入等方面取得显著成效,同时也存在着有效供给不足使资源市场化配置效率损耗的困境。通过建立影响土地流转供需双方决策行为的模型,本文分析了影响土地流转的各因子及影响程度,旨在为制定更有效地促进土地流转的相关政策提供基本依据。