地中海联盟移民问题及政策研究

地中海联盟国家之间的移民问题是地中海地区的一个重要议题。从地中海南岸和东岸流向地中海北岸欧盟国家的移民数量众多,且呈现不断上升的趋势。这些移民一方面对欧盟经济发展做出了积极贡献,另一方面,也给移民接收国带来了许多社会问题。为解决地中海地区的移民问题,欧盟与地中海沿岸国家积极开展合作,形成了欧盟、地区、国家多层级的移民政策体系,但其收效并不理想。尽管如此,地中海联盟移民政策体系对中国移民政策发展仍有一定的启发意义。     

THE TRANSITION TO EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION AND THE EUROPEAN MONETARY INSTITUTE

The European Monetary Institute (EMI) will prepare a framework for European Monetary Union (EMU) monetary policy during the transition to the EMU. This involves a trade-off between deepening financial market integration and harmonizing central bank instruments, a choice between centralized and decentralized monetary strategies with significant welfare implications, and a trade-off between expected welfare and certainty of policy outcomes. As a result of being dominated by national central bankers and of the conflict between the core and the periphery of the European Community (EC), the EMI is biased toward an inefficient solution. Enlargement of the EC by the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) group would raise the probability of a more efficient, two-track EMU, which initially would involve only the core group.     

城乡空间结合理论研究的走向

通过对国外城乡空间结合理论研究的历史回顾,在把握科学思想发展的进程中,梳理出该领域研究的系统化、生态化走向,从而为我国城乡空间整体规划的探索提供借鉴和启迪.     

THE RATIONALLY SHRINKING UNION

We analyze a voting model in which a democratic monopoly labor union rationally shrinks towards zero over time. In our model, preferences are not single-peaked so that this shrinkage may occur in spite of objections by the median voter. We characterize the wage-employment path as a function of the time horizon and the discount rate. We show that the employment path is independent both of the labor demand curve and of the workers'utility functions.     

SEIGNORAGE AND EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION

Inflation differentials in Europe have narrowed substantially since the inception of the European Monetary System in 1979. However, their persistence after more than a decade raises the question of why these differentials are so difficult to eliminate. Some European Community countries systematically use seignorage—financing government expenditures with money creation—while others do not. This increases the difficulty of achieving the convergence of monetary policies and inflation rates required for irrevocably fixed exchange rates in Europe. This paper, utilizing a model of government finance that minimizes the social cost of financing government expenditures, examines monetary finance in the European Community. It rejects soundly the social cost minimization model of seignorage collection.     

THE ORGANIZING OF PEASANT SHOPS IN CENTRAL AMERICA

ABSTRACT: A case study is presented of the promotion by the Catholic Church of agricultural service cooperatives, called peasant shops, in a rural Honduran municipality. The purpose of this paper is then to identify factors which determine their success. Three external factors were identified: the justification for the organizations being provided by a local social agent; access to training and on-going follow-up; and access to commercial transactions with economies of scale. The following main internal factors were: the participation of local leaders in positions of trust within the organization of the social agent; high member contributions, with a view to securing high member responsibility; and high interest rates on member contributions to attract high member contributions.     

EQUITY-EFFICIENCY PREFERENCES IN Poland AND THE SOVIET UNION: ORDER-REVERSALS UNDER THE ATKINSON INDEX

In this paper, the relation between inequality and welfare index "reversals" is characterized. By the identification of these reversals, upper and lower bounds are established for Atkinson's parameter of inequality aversion. This exercise shows that a level of inequality aversion high enough to show welfare improving over the "egalitarian decline" of 1978–81 in Poland is too high to show improvement over the "elitist growth" of 1981–86 in the Soviet Union. However, even if the lower bound of inequality aversion is assumed, plausible projections on Soviet growth and distribution still show social welfare declining.     

SEIGNORAGE AND EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION

Inflation differentials in Europe have narrowed substantially since the inception of the European Monetary System in 1979. However, their persistence after more than a decade raises the question of why these differentials are so difficult to eliminate. Some European Community countries systematically use seignorage—financing government expenditures with money creation—while others do not. This increases the difficulty of achieving the convergence of monetary policies and inflation rates required for irrevocably fixed exchange rates in Europe. This paper, utilizing a model of government finance that minimizes the social cost of financing government expenditures, examines monetary finance in the European Community. It rejects soundly the social cost minimization model of seignorage collection.     

论城乡地域系统空间组织的微观机制

城乡地域系统的空间组织是经济资源的地域配置和重组过程,企业的区位选择、政府的空间安排及其相互间的空间博弈构成系统空间组织的主要驱动力。城乡地域系统主要是一种基于市场机制的空间自组织系统,空间行为主体的地理区位选择形成空间扰动,不同区位的空间边际价值是系统空间自组织的序参量,空间边际利润率的变化是系统空间自组织的“无形之手”。最后简要分析了葛店开发区的发展对鄂州市城乡地域系统空间组织的影响。     

河南省旅游资源地域组织研究

河南省有着非常丰富的旅游资源,目前已初步形成了以“三点一线”、“一带四区”为重点的旅游精品项目。但其开发存在着协作开发意识淡薄、资源整合力度小等问题,限制了优势的发挥。为此,文章提出了由“点”到“线”再到“面”的地域组织思路,即从培育三级旅游中心地,到构筑二条旅游发展轴,再到构建合理的旅游区等级体系。