财政同级审计问题研究

随着我国市场经济的深化以及公共财政体制改革的推进,对于加强财政监管,规范财政部门的管理提出了越来越高的要求。财政同级审计是财政监管的重要手段,其对我国财政收支资金效益的发挥、国家预算监督管理体制的健全以及政府职能作用的发挥都有着重要的意义。文章根据我国财政同级审计实施过程中面临的制约因素,对如何加强我国财政同级审计进行研究。     

财政同级审计问题研究

随着我国市场经济的深化以及公共财政体制改革的推进,对于加强财政监管,规范财政部门的管理提出了越来越高的要求。财政同级审计是财政监管的重要手段,其对我国财政收支资金效益的发挥、国家预算监督管理体制的健全以及政府职能作用的发挥都有着重要的意义。文章根据我国财政同级审计实施过程中面临的制约因素,对如何加强我国财政同级审计进行研究。     

基于公共财政安全的政府财政审计研究

维护公共财政安全是政府财政审计永恒的主题。财政风险自古有之,历史发展已经表明,世界上主要市场经济国家和向市场经济转型国家无一不面临着越来越严重的财政安全隐患。当前,我国正处在这个转型期,特别是在国家继续实施积极财政政策的背景下,受地方政府举债软约束与经济发展硬要求的影响,在今后一段时期内,公共财政安全的形势将会变得越发严峻。因此,关注公共财政安全     

新时期我国财政审计:方向、目标、重点和对策

全面认识、正确把握、积极推动十二五期间乃至更长一段时间我国财政审计的科学发展,必须立足把握公共财政体系改革的大方向,找准目标和重点,采取有效对策,真正实现财政审计的规范性和科学性。本文在全面思考财政审计发展方向的基础上,以促进公共财政体制改革与国家宏观调控政策落实为总目标,探索建立多元化财政审计目标组合,并从公共财政、公共服务、风险防控、可持续发展、经济转型、统筹发展等六个方面阐述了财政审计大格局趋势下的审计重点,提出了加强和改进财政审计的对策建议。     

构建财政审计大格局的必要性

近年,随着社会经济的发展,我国税收制度、国库收付制度等改革不断深入,财政支出范围、管理模式也面临许多新的挑战。如何适应财政的发展变化,更有效地发挥财政审计的监督和建设性作用,一直是摆在国家审计面前的一个课题。审计署构建国家财政审计大格局理论的提出,正是顺应了这一形势的发展需要,是国家审计在财政审计工作上形成的全局性、总体性的架构和布局。一、财政审计工作中存在的问题一是审计工作缺乏相对"独立性"。财政审计完全脱离本级政府是不现实的,审计客观反映难度较大,对查出的问题不能完全依法作出处理,致使许多问题屡查屡犯,特别是地方政府本身在本级预算执行过程中存在的问题得不到有效的整改和纠正,发挥不出应有的审计效果。     

完善我国政府绩效审计的对策思考

在我国政府审计实践中,以往对审计批判性作用的认识比较深刻,现在开始重视审计建设性作用,这是我国政府审计从传统财政财务收支审计向财政财务收支审计与绩效审计并重转变的客观反映。在财政财务收支审计的双重作用中批判性作用比较突出,而在绩效审计的双重作用中建设性作用则更加显著。正确理解和把握批判性和建设性的辩证关系,对于充分发挥我国政府绩效审计在改善政府绩效管理中的双重作用,     

专项审计调查的历史观察

专项审计调查作为具有中国特色的一种国家审计活动,在我国审计实践中得到了广泛运用,其在国家宏观调控中发挥的建设性作用和在财政经济体制、机制方面特有的促进作用,得到了历史的检验。回顾我国专项审计调查的发展史,有助于我们进一步理清有关专项审计调查的理论困惑,深刻认识专项审计调查的科学价值。     

国家审计如何发挥建设性作用

国家审计的作用可分为防护性作用和建设性作用,建设性作用主要是立足未来,以图找到更好的办法解决现实中的问题。本文围绕建设性作用是什么、为什么要发挥建设性作用以及怎样发挥建设性作用三个方面对国家审计的建设性作用进行了探讨。     

以历史发展的眼光看公共财政问题

在公共财政制度建设中 ,应正确认识和评价我国建设性财政的历史作用。公共财政的建设应是一个渐进的过程 ,应根据我国社会经济发展的程度来确定我国公共财政的进程和公共服务的水平     

财政审计维护财政安全的建设作用定位

审计署发布施行的"十二五"审计工作发展规划中,把财政审计的首要发展规划目标确定为维护国家财政安全,这是对财政审计基本方向的定位,需要地方审计围绕财政安全发挥建设性作用。同时,审计署在向全国人大常委会所作的审计工作报告中,首次全面披露了地方政府性债务情况。虽然有专家评论     

权力异化、国家审计与地方政府负债

地方官员权力异化和国家审计监管对地方政府负债行为有显著影响。官员权力异化越严重,地方政府债务增长速度越快,债务风险越大。但是,国家审计监管力量越强,越有可能降低官员权力异化对地方政府负债的影响程度,进而降低地方政府负债增长速度和债务风险。结果表明,较强的国家审计监管力度有助于防止地方政府官员权力滥用和寻租,规范地方政府融资行为。     

转移支付审计中应正确处理的几个关系

本文立足于近年的审计实践,根据十一五规划和十七大确定的财税改革目标,提出应处理好转移支付审计与公共财政改革、社会经济发展、加强依法行政的关系,以综合绩效审计为着力点和落脚点,监督与服务并重,公平与效率兼顾,促进规划、计划与资金管理的结合,促进转移支付政策效益和整体效益的提高。     

论国家审计的创新

本文试图从新形势、新任务、新阶段对国家审计提出的新要求入手,以浙江的审计实践为实证,提出加快审计创新的重点和基本框架,力求使国家审计机关更好地履行审计责任,更好地发挥国家审计整体性、效益性、宏观性和建设性的作用,为改革和发展的大局服务。     

Interregional redistribution through tax surcharge

The paper considers a utilitarian federal government that levies a tax to finance a national public good or to effect a redistributive policy. Regions differ in their incomes and in their preferences for a local public good. First, we assume that the central government observes each region's public expenditures (and, hence, local tax revenues) but cannot perfectly observe revenues and preferences. We derive the (constrained) Pareto-efficient allocation and show how it can be implemented by a surcharge on local taxes. The level of redistribution that can be achieved is limited by the fact that it may be difficult, or even impossible, to distinguish low-income regions with a high preference for the public good from high-income regions with a low preference. Then we allow for the possibility that the central government can observe incomes through a costly audit. We examine the optimal audit policy and study the impact of audits on the optimal taxation scheme. Throughout the paper we focus on the properties of average and marginal tax rates and on the resulting under- or overprovision of regional public goods.     

TOWARDS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNMENT AUDITING

This article attempts to contribute to a conceptual framework for government auditing by using agency concepts in government and public finance for the examination of underlying theoretical and practical issues. Three models of government auditing are formulated: sole monitoring, dual monitoring and commercial monitoring. The main assumptions of these constructs are examined and their operations assessed in the context of international co-operation and dialogue among government auditing institutions. Problems relating to auditing accountability, audit mandate and auditor independence are identified and discussed. Despite some differences in these areas, there is a global tendency for the government auditing function to transcend the traditional parameters of financial attestation and legislative compliance in order to espouse broader notions implicit in the various gradations of comprehensive auditing.     

政府绩效审计“阶梯型”评价模式的构建与应用——以BRT公共交通投资项目为例

构建一套政府公共交通投资项目绩效审计评价模式是提高政府公共交通投资项目绩效审计效率和审计质量的关键,然而目前业界尚未对此形成统一认识。论文基于平衡计分卡理论从资源配置、职能行使、潜力发挥和贡献效益四个维度,构建了“阶梯形”政府公共交通投资项目绩效审计评价模式,并通过模糊评价对某市BRT项目调研数据对该模式进行了验证。     

Auditor specialization, perceived audit quality, and audit fees in the local government audit market

Prior governmental research implies a positive relation between auditor specialization and audit quality, but the effect of specialization on audit fees is mixed. However, no single governmental study investigates the effect of auditor specialization on both audit quality and audit fees. Also, prior studies focus on either large- or small audit firms and often employ indirect proxies for audit quality. We study the effects of auditor specialization on perceived audit quality and audit fees. Our data represent both Big 5 and smaller audit firms and include three market-based measures of specialization. We survey 241 Florida local government finance directors and find that specialization is positively associated with perceived audit quality but not with audit fees. We also find that Big 5 auditors, often used as a proxy for higher audit quality in prior research, are not uniformly associated with increased perceived audit quality but consistently charge higher audit fees. Our results confirm a relation between measures of audit firm specialization and audit quality and raise questions regarding audit firm size and audit quality in the municipal sector. Our findings suggest that engaging specialized auditors may be good policy for many local governments.     

Should Non-Financial Performance Information be Audited? The Case of Public Service Agreements in UK Government

A growing level of controversy surrounds the right of the UK National Audit Office (NAO) to audit public service agreements (PSAs) – documents which detail the performance, against targets, of central government departments. The NAO has not been granted a statutory role, although an independent official review of accountability and audit in UK central government has recently concluded that the external validation of departmental information systems is a crucial first step towards validation of key published data. In the context of growing academic concern over the scale and achievements of (public) audit, it is pertinent to ask whether such a potential extension in the rights and scope of the NAO's audit work is necessary or likely to enhance public accountability and improve the performance of government departments and audit bodies.     

Should Non‐Financial Performance Information be Audited? The Case ofPublic Service Agreements in UK Government

A growing level of controversy surrounds the right of the UK National Audit Office (NAO) to audit public service agreements (PSAs) – documents which detail the performance, against targets, of central government departments. The NAO has not been granted a statutory role, although an independent official review of accountability and audit in UK central government has recently concluded that the external validation of departmental information systems is a crucial first step towards validation of key published data. In the context of growing academic concern over the scale and achievements of (public) audit, it is pertinent to ask whether such a potential extension in the rights and scope of the NAO's audit work is necessary or likely to enhance public accountability and improve the performance of government departments and audit bodies.     

中国财政改革与经济增长实践

基于内生增长理论分析改革开放后历次财政变革与经济增长关系,并利用协整与回归分析检验该关系.结果表明:中国财政与经济增长具有长期稳定关系;前期财政变革强调财政激励效应,为中国市场经济奠定了制度基础;后期财政变革强调稳态增长效应,这使中央财政需有稳定财源,以保证其外部性生产要素充分供给;相比于地方财政的收敛增长效应,中央财政体现出稳态增长效应.