债务契约与盈余管理关系研究综述

本文从债务契约假说和积极监督的角度综述了债务契约与盈余管理的关系:在债务契约假说的解释下债务契约与盈余管理正相关;在积极监督假说的解释下债务契约可以起到抑制企业的盈余管理行为提高盈余质量。     

上市公司负债融资对盈余管理的影响研究——基于货币政策视角的实证分析

文章基于货币政策的视角,研究盈余管理的债务契约动机和资本市场动机,进而研究负债融资期限对盈余管理动机的影响作用。研究表明,企业存在基于债务契约动机和资本市场动机的盈余管理行为,这种行为受到多种因素的影响,其中债务期限起着重要作用,短期债务融资的盈余管理动机更显著。进而,当货币政策宽松时,企业倾向于操纵性应计;当货币政策紧缩时,企业倾向于真实盈余管理;同时证明了盈余管理是货币政策影响企业负债融资的传导机制之一。     

债务契约、债务期限结构与会计稳健性--基于中国资本市场的经验证据

本文以2009～2012年上市公司为样本,采用Basu的盈余-股票报酬率模型的扩展模型,研究债务契约对会计稳健性的影响。研究结果显示,银行借款比例高的公司,会计稳健性更高。在区分债务期限后发现,短期借款比例高的公司,会计稳健性较高,而长期借款对会计稳健性没有显著影响。     

债务契约、债务期限结构与会计稳健性——基于中国资本市场的经验证据

本文以2009~2012年上市公司为样本,采用Basu的盈余-股票报酬率模型的扩展模型,研究债务契约对会计稳健性的影响。研究结果显示,银行借款比例高的公司,会计稳健性更高。在区分债务期限后发现,短期借款比例高的公司,会计稳健性较高,而长期借款对会计稳健性没有显著影响。     

浅议上市公司盈余管理

盈余管理就是企业管理当局在遵循会计准则的基础上,通过对企业对外报告的会计收益信息进行控制或调整,以达到主体自身利益最大化的行为。其终极目的在于获取私人利益,具体目的为筹资、避税、获取政治资本以及规避债务契约约束等。盈余管理有诸多表现形式,可以通过完善会计规范、加强审计监控和加大监管力度等进行防范。     

浅析盈余管理

盈余管理就是企业管理当局在遵循会计准则的基础上,通过对企业对外报告的会计收益信息进行控制或调整,以达到主体自身利益最大化的行为。其终极目的在于获取私人利益,具体目的为筹资、避税、获取政治资本以及规避债务契约约束等。盈余管理有诸多表现形式,可以通过完善会计规范、加强审计监控和加大监管力度等进行防范。     

基于控制权视角的盈余管理对债务契约建立的影响

本文选取2007-2012年沪深两市非金融类特别处理公司为研究样本,结合公司的控制权性质研究特别处理公司的会计选择与真实活动盈余管理行为对其建立债务契约的影响,结果显示:特别处理公司会计选择盈余管理行为显著地帮助了其债务契约的建立,考虑控制权性质因素的影响,这种帮助在非国有特别处理公司中作用更为显著;真实活动盈余管理行为只在非国有特别处理公司建立债务契约中起到了正向作用。     

公允价值计量、政治关系对借款利率影响

以2010年至2012年上交所主板市场中的制造业公司为样本,采用层级回归技术对公允价值盈余信息、企业政治关系与企业长期借款利率的关系,进行了多元线性回归分析。实证结果发现:公允价值盈余占比与长期借款利率存在显著正相关;企业政治关系与长期借款利率存在显著负相关,而且企业政治关系会负向调节公允价值盈余占比与企业长期借款利率之间的关系。说明银行在放贷时,会谨慎评估公允价值盈余额的可靠性与偿债能力;企业政治关系的存在,有利于企业融资,直接或间接降低了借款利率。     

基于盈余管理动机下的上市公司会计政策选择

合适的会计政策有利于企业资源的合理配置以及管理者合理使用财务会计信息。会计政策的选择对公司的盈余管理影响最大,盈余管理与会计政策选择的动机、采用的方法、要求的目的不同。上市公司在避税、筹资、规避债务契约约束、政治成本、维护管理者当局利益等盈余管理动机下的会计政策选择不同。盈余管理动机下会计政策选择可以完善上市公司的治理结构、企业会计准则、财务信息披露体系、改善和加强审计监督、发挥市场自身对盈余管理行为的约束力。     

盈余管理与债务契约的文献综述与研究展望

盈余管理与债务契约的研究一直是学术领域的热点问题,但是并没有得出一致的研究结论。本文对现有的文献进行梳理,总结盈余管理与债务契约相关文献的研究规律,对该主题未来的研究进行展望。     

Ownership Differences,Auditor Reputation,and Debt Financing: Evidence from China

This research examines whether “the paradox of auditor reputation” exists in China’s private debt market. Two types of hypotheses are developed to explain the “paradox” in terms of ownership differences. Our findings suggest: (1) by retaining big name auditors, non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) significantly reduce the cost of debt and lower financial constraints; (2) For the non-SOEs, the effect of auditor reputation on the cost of debt and financial constraints declines over time due to the accumulation of these firms’ own reputation; (3) SOEs are more sensitive to the interest rate of bank loans than their counterparts, implying their stronger bargaining power when negotiating with potential creditors than non-SOEs due to their government connections. However, SOEs’ government connections weaken the informational role of auditors and firm reputation on signaling debt market; and (4) Corporate governance is taken into consideration by creditors as an important indicator of solvency. Further investigation demonstrates that after controlling for firm size, operating cash flow, profitability and leverage ratio, the possibility of hiring big name auditors by the younger and median-aged group of non-SOEs is considerably higher than “elder” non-SOEs. Moreover, poor-performing SOEs have greater incentives to make use of their government connections in their bargaining for lower debt cost, as compared with their well-performing peers.     

管理层持股与公司绩效:基于管理层收购的实证研究

以1997至2009年管理层收购进行私有化的66家国有企业作为研究对象,研究管理层持股与公司经营绩效的关系。结果表明:管理层收购对公司绩效的影响在短期存在负向作用的倾向,而在长期内影响并不显著。考虑到管理层持股变化可能对公司绩效产生的影响,进一步分析持股变化率与公司绩效的关系发现,若持股变化率处于+31%~+50%,-31%~-50%,公司业绩指标将呈现正向变化的趋势,从而反映出管理层收购对公司绩效的积极作用。     

基于制度理论的企业非相关多元化与绩效关系研究

传统战略管理理论认为非相关多元化对企业绩效有负向影响。然而在中国这样的转型经济国家,由于制度的缺失导致市场有效性相对较弱,非相关多元化可以使企业形成内部市场从而弥补制度的欠缺,通过对中国500强企业的实证研究也证明非相关多元化与企业绩效正相关。由于中国民营企业的非相关多元化程度较国有企业更高,民营企业非相关多元化与企业绩效的关系也较国有企业更为显著。     

企业可持续成长研究现状与评述

由于企业经营环境的快速变化,当前企业的可持续成长问题已成为企业经营管理中比管理效率的提升更难解决的难题。根据对企业可持续成长的内涵及实现的根源等问题的文献梳理,发现当前企业可持续成长研究缺乏从动态角度来深入揭示可持续成长的内部机理。为此,如何从动态能力角度研究企业可持续成长已成为当前理论界和实际企业管理者面临的重要课题。     

State Ownership and Firm Performance: A Revisit

The low efficiency of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is widely accepted by academics. However, the accounting literature shows that non-SOEs are more likely to engage in earnings management, which artificially boosts their financial performance. This suggests that the higher financial performance in non-SOEs may be merely cosmetic. This study compares the real financial performance between SOEs and non-SOEs, while the real performance is obtained by estimating the level of earnings management and removing it from the reported financial performance. The result shows that there is no significant difference in real performance between SOEs and non-SOEs. This study sheds new light on the debate over the efficiency of SOEs and the relationship between ownership structure and financial performance.     

中小企业融资中的自有资金信贷机制

银行贷款收益取决于贷款利率和贷款风险两个因素。在贷款利率受到管制时,理性的银行为了实现期望利润最大化,要求企业提供足够抵押来规避贷款风险。我国中小企业由于自身特征及所处信贷环境的原因,银行向其贷款风险大,且得不到足够抵押品,也没有第三方提供担保,这就导致中小企业贷款难现象。因此,我国商业银行应该灵活运用抵押、担保、关系贷款和自有资金多种手段,积极构建中小企业的多层次信贷机制体系。     

产品市场竞争与资本结构的战略决策

“有限负债效应”理论指出,企业提高财务杠杆导致了产出的增加,但很多实证研究却难以支持这一结论。本文分析了在上游企业外部规模效应较强的情况下,企业债务融资战略效应为负的理由,证明了不存在外部规模效应是债务融资战略的重要条件。企业的融资行为深受财务危机的影响,其中企业规模、产业集中度、产品专用性、R&D支出和行业前景是决定财务危机成本大小的关键变量,因此,以财务危机成本为依据进行决策,企业会自我限制债务水平。由此,企业资本结构的决策应从产品市场竞争状况去考虑,这对我国企业融资决策有重要意义。     

Family Control,Socioemotional Wealth and Earnings Management in Publicly Traded Firms

We examine the unique nature of agency problems within publicly traded family firms by investigating the earnings management decision of dominant family owners relative to non-family. To do so, we draw upon literature demonstrating that family owners are loss averse with respect to the family’s socioemotional wealth, or the affective endowment derived from firm ownership and control. Our theory and findings suggest that potential reputational consequences of earnings management lead family principals to engage in less of this practice relative to non-family firms, and that founder family firms are less likely than non-founder family firms to use earnings management. Moreover, the family-firm effect varies with the firm size, the degree of CEO entrenchment, and the firm’s stock structure. We provide important insights regarding differences between family and non-family principals in the use of unethical accounting practices, thereby extending agency theory and advancing an underdeveloped research area.     

Relationship lending and SME financing in the continental European bank-based system

This paper analyzes the relationship between banks and SMEs in the continental European bank-based system. We find that SMEs with longer bank relationships have enhanced access to loans, but at the same time they bear a higher cost for their debt. We also find that firms maintaining two bank relationships get the cheapest debt, which establishes a limit for the degree of concentration of bank relationships. Our results also show that the existence of trust between firm and bank improves access to financing and reduces the borrowing costs, whereas it increases the likelihood that guarantees will have to be provided. As a consequence, it seems that a relationship based on trust is a better strategy to improve SMEs’ access to finance than the establishment of longer or more concentrated relationships.     

The Effect of Cross‐Border Mergers and Acquisitions on Earnings Quality: Evidence from China

Despite the fruitful research on the motives and outcomes of cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) of Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs), there has been scant research on the impact of cross‐border M&As on corporate governance. In this article, we fill the research gap by exploring whether cross‐border M&As may lead to an improvement in corporate governance of Chinese acquirers. In particular, we examine the impact of cross‐border M&As on earnings quality of Chinese MNCs. We find that the acquisition of a target firm from a developed country leads to a significant improvement on the acquirer's earnings quality. In comparison, the acquisition of a target from an emerging market does not have such an impact. Our results are robust to various corporate governance measures, alternative econometric methods, and controls of relevant firm characteristics and macroeconomic variables. Finally, we show that the effect of cross‐border M&As on earnings quality is more pronounced in non‐state‐owned enterprises (non‐SOEs) that have conducted large M&A deals. Our article offers new insight to the international business literature on latecomer perspective and liability of foreignness. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.