我国竞争性发电市场的形成

我国自上世纪80年代以来着手对电力行业进行打破垄断的改革,特别是2002年3月国务院五号文件《电力体制改革报告》批准了实施电力体制改革,10月确定了电力重组框架,11月成立了电监会,这都预示着新一轮的电力改革的实施。其中厂网分开、竞价上网是这次改革主要的内容之一。实施厂网分开,就是要重组发电企业,形成一个竞争性的发电市场。本文基于我国发电市场改革现状,探讨在发电市场引入竞争和促进发展的问题。     

纵向一体化抑或专业化?——来自中国电力行业市场化改革的证据

本文构建了一个考虑改革前电力市场发展平衡度的理论模型，利用2003年中国电力行业“厂网分开”的准自然实验，采用2000—2007年中国工业企业数据，同时考察了该项改革对发电部门与供电部门企业生产率的影响。研究发现，纵向拆分显著降低了发电企业的生产率，但提高了电网企业的生产率。进一步分析表明，纵向拆分对发电与供电部门企业生产率影响的差异与改革前电力行业内部发展平衡度有关：在改革前发电部门投资更受重视而供电部门投资更受抑制的地区，纵向拆分会增大对发电企业生产率的抑制效应，并扩大对电网企业生产率的提升效应。     

以效益为中心 加强经营管理——新疆红雁池发电厂探索增长效益的有效途径

厂网分开、竞价上网已成为电力工业改革的潮流,这也是电力行业市场化非常关键的一步,它意味着电力企业的竞争将越来越激烈。近年来,红雁池发电厂面对各种不利环境,丢掉幻想,坚持以市场为导向,走内涵集约型发展道路,深入学习邯钢经验,狠抓企业的经营管理工作,形成了一套行之有效的管理方法,取得了良好的经济效益。     

在电力市场环境下的电厂MIS建设

随着我国电力行业“厂网分开，竞价上网”电力市场的起步和发展，在电力市场环境下的电厂MIS建设总体目标，为电厂的经营管理者服务，使电厂MIS能真正为发电企业提高效益这个目标服务。     

“清江体制”系列报道：电力体制改革应遵循“三公”原则

1998年底,国务院办公厅转发了国家经贸委《关于深化电力工业体制有关问题意见的通知》。鉴于电力供应紧张的局面总体上已经改变,电力供需已基本平衡,因此,决定深化电力工业体制改革,其主要内容是:厂网分离、竞价上网、输配电分开。深化电力体制改革,就是要按照“三公”原则,重新构筑电网与电厂各种类型的发电公司之间的经济关系,以打破垄断,促进电力的公平竞争,优化电力资源配置,减轻用户电费负担,从而达到电力工业与整个国民经济协调发展的目的。清江水电投资公司的体制改革,也正是遵循这一原则进行的。 一、电网对所有电厂要一视同仁,贯彻…     

统计理论对电力统计工作实践的指导作用

随着用户用电量的增加,对应于电力的统计工作,政府以及电力企业给予很高关注与重视。电力体制经过“厂网分开”的改革后,电力和政府部门对电力数据的统计工作有了更严格的要求,本文通过描述电力统计工作的重要性与问题,了解统计理论在电力统计工作中的指导作用。     

改进和加强发电企业物资管理的对策与建议

随着“厂网分开”电力体制的改革，部分发电企业留在电网企业内，这些企业既要根据发电企业自身的特点抓管理促发展，又要遵循电网企业的各项要求。文章针对留网发电企业当前物资管理的现状，分析在企业物资管理上存在的问题，提出改进和加强发电企业物资管理的对策和建议。     

企业、市场及其演进关系——基于动态交易成本理论的分析

本文在既有的交易成本理论的基础上，引入时间概念，提出动态交易成本这一新概念，与经济演进理论相联系。从而分析了企业、市场及其演变关系。通过分析表明，在长期，企业与市场并没有明确的边界之分，所谓的边界是人为强加的。企业与市场通过动态交易成本的此消彼长的互动，趋向于平衡。本文的模型与理论对诸如产业集群、兼并现象以及国企产权改革问题提供了一种崭新的研究视角和解释。     

浅谈五强溪水电厂电力运营策略

经济转制后，我国市场交易规则要与国际市场靠拢。在改革大潮中，五强溪水电 厂采取何种电力运营策略，才能出奇制胜，这是经营者必须认真思考的重要问题。拟根据我 国电力工业的发展状况，对五强溪水电厂的优势、挑战和运营策略进行切合实际的分析、探讨。     

对组建电力控股公司实施网厂分离战略的思考

我国电力工业改革已经到了深化管理体制的关键时刻,建立“竞争、开放、有序”的电力市场是电力工业改革的基本取向,其中最为重要的是要在发电领域形成公平竞争。我国的发电企业大体上可以分为两类：一类是网、省电力公司全资、控股或参股的电厂（以下简称为电力公司的直属电厂）,另一类是网、省电力公司没有投资的电厂（以下简称为电力公司的非直属电厂）。由于网、省电力公司目前同时掌握电网和调度,所以从理论上说,直属电厂和非直属电厂之间根本不可能存在公平竞争,从而建立电力市场也将无从谈起。目前有些省电力公司采用了托管经营…     

Collectivism in the labor market: Evidence from second generation immigrants in the United States

This study investigates the role of collectivism on labor market outcomes in an individualist country. We explore collectivism as an intergenerationally transmitted cultural value and analyze its explanatory power for the economic outcome of 21,000 male homogamous second generation immigrants in the US. Our collectivism proxy is derived from the country of ancestry’s historical disease environment because collectivistic values have been particularly advantageous in countries with a greater prevalence of disease-causing pathogens. Employing this new collectivism proxy that identifies collectivism more precisely than previously used cultural proxies, we find that higher scores of collectivism are associated with higher labor force participation and income earned in the US. The results on income are channeled through the number of hours worked and self-selection into jobs that require collectivistic traits. By analyzing the labor market performance of second generation immigrants, we are the first to show an occupational selection along cultural skills implying that second generation immigrants sort into occupations that demand skills on which they have a “cultural comparative advantage”.     

上海中式服装市场细分及消费心理研究

运用科学的统计分析方法,将上海市中式服装市场按人口统计变量进行了细分,通过设计调查问卷,实地调研消费者的消费心理模式,在此基础上,用因子分析的方法,从心理变量出发找出将消费者分群的内在因子,为更加科学合理地进行中式服装品牌化运作提供参考。     

Labour market institutions and labour market performance

This paper studies the relationship between labour market institutions and policies and labour market performance using a new and unique dataset that covers the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, which in the last two decades experienced radical economic and institutional transformations. We document a clear trend towards liberalization of labour markets, especially in the countries of the former Soviet Union, but also substantial differences across the countries studied. Our econometric analysis implies that institutions matter for labour market outcomes, and that deregulation of labour markets improves their performance. The analysis also suggests several significant interactions between different institutions, which are in line with the idea of beneficial effects of reform complementarity and broad reform packages.     

城乡市场的分割和统一

建设新农村需要内生的持久的机制。城乡市场分割是我国新农村目标得以实现的根本性障碍，农民无法平等参与市场活动导致城乡收入差距不断扩大。因此，新农村建设的内生机制最为根本的是市场制度创新。创新的市场制度的基本功能能够有效地克服要素流动的障碍，并能在等价交换的基础上保障农民收益。     

我国市场取向改革的进程和成就

二十年来 ,我国市场取向改革进行了艰难的探索 ,改革开放取得了突破性进展 ,多种所有制共同发展的格局已初步形成。改革开放使我国社会经济面貌发生了历史性变化 ,社会生产高速、稳定增长 ,工业化进程加速 ,产业结构进一步调整。市场取向的改革取得了巨大的成就 ,也为今后的改革提出了一系列新的问题和任务。     

Efficiency and options on the market index

Summary. In a static exchange economy, when all the endowments are issued as securities on a stock exchange, Pareto optimal allocations may be reached by trading options on the market index (see Breeden and Litzenberger (1978)). We extend this result when some of the risks cannot be exchanged on the market. Options on an appropriate index, which typically differs from the market index, depending on the correlation of the non-tradable risks with the exchanged securities, are still an appropriate tool to support a (constrained) efficient equilibrium. This suggests that the recent development of derivatives based on interest rates may be an efficient way to reach a Pareto optimal allocation of risks. Received: June 16, 1997; revised version: July 25, 1997     

The effects of competitors on new product launch and market expansion in the hybrid car market

This paper evaluates the effect of competitors on automakers’ new product launch and market expansion decisions in the hybrid car market. Using data from the entire history in US hybrid car market from 2000 to 2014, this paper estimates a Poisson model with endogeneous switching to account for the initial launch and the following expansion decisions. The results indicate that the presence of competing brands’ hybrid vehicle models has a net positive effect on a brand’s initial launch and expansion decisions. This suggests that demand expansion and market learning from competitors’ hybrid model launch and consumer cultivation are very important for this relatively new technology. Further, I find that the impact of competitors varies over time, vehicle origins, and classes.     

Stock market cycles and stock market development in Spain

In this paper we use Spanish stock market data to identify the bull and bear phases of the market and to analyze its characteristics during the period 1941-2002. We compare these characteristics with those of the US and of two other European countries (Germany and the UK). Our sample is divided in two subperiods in order to account for differences induced by the process of development undergone by Spanish capital markets in the late 1980s and early 1990s. We find that the Spanish stock market has become increasingly more similar to those of the more developed countries, although some differences still persist. Additionally, we show that concordance of the Spanish stock market with other developed markets has increased quite significantly.JEL Classification: C22, G15An earlier version of the paper circulated under the title Bulls and bears: lessons from some European countries. Comments from seminar participants at the Universidad de Navarra, at the IX Meeting of the Spanish Finance Association (Pamplona 2001) and at the Royal Econonomic Society Conference (Warwick 2002) are gratefully acknowledged. We are very grateful to J.M. Campa, G. Llorente and two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank D. Garcia and the Research Department of the Madrid Stock Exchange for generously providing the data of the Spanish case. Financial assistance from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (SEC2002-01839) is gratefully acknowledged. The usual disclaimer applies.     

Predators in the market: implications of market interaction on optimal resource management

A two-species bioeconomic model is analyzed, but in contrast to most similar models, there is no biological interaction between the species, only economic. The interaction takes place in the market where the quantity of either species may affect the price of the other. The effects of cross-price elasticities on the optimal steady state and on the optimal paths in the sole-owner case are investigated both analytically (steady states) and numerically (optimal paths). First, it is shown that if the harvest of one species has impact on the price of another species, then this has a positive effect on its steady-state stock. The effect increases with the stock-elasticity in the cost function. Further, in the case of linear demand functions, the steady state outcome depends solely on the sum of the cross-price parameters and not their individual values. Secondly, in the investigation of optimal paths, it is shown that if the harvest of one species has impact on the price of the other, optimal trajectories reach steady state faster for itself and slower for the other species. Further, when cross-price elasticities are sufficiently high, the paths go from being monotonic to feature over- or undershooting.     

Does locational marginal pricing impact generation investment location decisions? An analysis of Texas’s wholesale electricity market

Journal of Regulatory Economics - Using data from Texas’s wholesale electricity market, we investigate the relationship between nodal prices and investment location decisions of utility-scale...