Globalization with a human face

This paper has six parts. The first part defines globalization. The second discusses globalization eras. The third discusses the irreversibility and inevitability of globalization. The fourth section discusses the benefits and costs of globalization. The fifth section asks what is to be done. The sixth section contains my conclusions.     

经济全球化与资本全球化

经济全球化是人本质发展的内在要求,是人类社会发展的必然趋势。在漫长的经济全球化进程中,经济全球化具有不同的实现机制。在资本主义阶段,资本主义生产方式是经济全球化的实现机制。资本全球化不仅具有经济全球化的一般性质,而且具有资本的特殊属性。资本全球化是当今经济全球化的具体实现形式。     

Globalization and terrorism

This paper has multiple objectives. I set out linkages of a causal model to portray how globalization influences international terrorist strategies. I also point to methodological and theoretical shortcomings in the literature with respect to the levels of disaggregation at which issues are analyzed, and I evaluate the opportunity–cost argument for assessing international terrorism. The paper and conclusions present perspectives on developments of terrorism in the context of globalization, including the relationship of terror to immigration.     

跨国公司全球化与本土化的融合--理论、实证分析与中国的对策研究

全球化与本土化的日益融合,正在成为当代跨国公司生产经营活动的趋势。文章从全球化与本土化融合的理论依据入手,分析了全球化与本土化融合与培育竞争优势的关系,实证研究了摩托罗拉和海尔的全球化与本土化融合,最后,提出中国跨国公司应采取的对策。     

Economic Takeoffs in a Dynamic Process of Globalization*

The paper develops a dynamic general‐equilibrium framework to illustrate that trade liberalization may speed up the process of globalization and industrialization by enabling a small open economy to reallocate production factors to modern export sectors where increasing returns to experience are present. The authors emphasize the role of knowledge in service activities related to the export of modern sector goods, which has the form of a public good that can be utilized in exporting of other modern sector goods. As a consequence of this knowledge accumulation, the economy begins to take off and exhibits more rapid rates of wage and output growth. The accumulation of knowledge also shifts comparative advantage in the modern sector to more service‐intensive goods, thus leading to a natural evolution of comparative advantage. These results lend theoretical support to the different development experiences in the 1960s between East Asia and Latin America.     

Beyond Icebergs: Towards a Theory of Biased Globalization

In contrast to domestic trade, international trade inherently requires more intensive use of skilled labour with expertise in areas such as international business, language skills, and maritime insurance, and the transoceanic transportation is more capital intensive than the local transportation. In the presence of such bias in factor demands, globalization caused by an improvement in the export technologies can lead to a worldwide increase in the relative prices of the factors used intensively in international trade. Furthermore, a worldwide increase in the factors used intensively in international trade can lead to globalization. To capture these effects, we develop a flexible approach to model costly international trade, which includes the standard iceberg approach as a special case. More specifically, we extend the Ricardian model of trade with a continuum of goods by introducing multiple factors of production and by making technologies of supplying goods depend on whether the destination is home or abroad. If the technologies of supplying the same good to the two destinations differ only in total factor productivity, the model becomes isomorphic to the Ricardian model with the iceberg cost. By allowing the two technologies to differ in the factor intensities, our approach enables us to examine the links between factor endowments, factor prices, and globalization that cannot be captured by the iceberg approach.     

东盟+1:从"内部全球化"到"外部全球化"

本文首先在对全球化的历史和内涵进行界定的基础上引入了"内部全球化"与"外部全球化"的模式;其次,东盟被作为一个特例用于对"内部全球化"过程的验证;第三,通过对东亚国家拟形成东盟+3或建立东亚经济集团(EAEG)战略构想的分析,展示了从东盟到整个东亚的次区域"外部全球化"的进程;最后,本文提出了相关的结论,即"东盟+1"是实现东亚政治经济新格局和应对全球化在目前的现实选择.     

关于全球化的几点思考

本文在吸收国内外全球化研究成果的基础上,对全球化进行重新定义,剖析其内涵.界定其外延,分析其两重性,阐述它与全球一体化的关系.     

Stiglitz on Globalization and Development with an Eye to Keynes

Abstract

Joseph Stiglitz has laid out many of the issues central to the debate on globalization in a compelling story in a recent influential book. Globalization has become a contentious issue because the economic policies advocated for and, at times, almost imposed upon developing countries by international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization are based on misconceptions about how market systems work. Market fundamentalism underlies the entire policy framework of the Washington Consensus. The limits of this approach are nowhere clearer than in the examples presented by developing and transition economies. Many policy missteps could have been avoided by adopting the main insights of traditional Keynesian theory, the basic lessons of which remain valid, even if it has been largely excised from the IMF's recipe book. The results of 20 years of market fundamentalism make it clear that globalization and development are distinct issues and that the former does not necessarily entail the latter. In order to understand how they are connected we need to supplement macroeconomic analysis with studies of how international economic integration comes about.     

Globalization,rigidities and national specialization: a dynamic analysis

The paper extends the ‘dynamic’ economic geography technique to analyze the evolution of national specialization as trade costs decrease. As agglomeration economies arise, due to the decrease of trade costs, countries could benefit from specializing in one sector. Nevertheless, the sector of specialization, as well as the speed of relocation of factors towards this sector, depends crucially on the costs of relocating factors and on comparative advantages. Labor market rigidities and comparative advantages contribute to lock a country in its current specialization pattern slowing relocation of factors. The model is consistent with some stylized facts on specialization and labor market rigidities in OECD countries.     

全球化的再认识

文章从当前全球化所面临的困境,即逆全球化现象入手,剖析全球化危机的来龙去脉和全球化的实质。在以中国视角展望了全球化未来的同时,提出了应对全球化困境的中国智慧和中国举措。     

关于全球化的几点认识

展现在 2 1世纪人类社会的全球化趋势实际是源于 16世纪的世界资本主义发展的继续。计算机技术和网络信息的极大发展 ,使这一全球化带有迥异于其过去任何时代的特点。今天 ,应用马克思主义的历史分析方法看待新一轮全球化潮流 ,仍然具有极大的现实意义。     

经济全球化趋势下服务业的特点及中国的对策

本文阐述了经济全球化进程逐渐加快成为世界经济发展主流条件下 ,全球服务业发展的新趋势 ,分析了中国服务业发展存在的问题 ,中国服务业国际化的战略意义 ,提出了中国服务业国际化的路径选择。