银行表外融资业务变化、监管难点及对策研究

防范异常资金流入政策施行后,银行新型表外融资业务迅速发展,对跨境资金流动产生了重要影响,主要有加剧跨境资金流入压力、成为异常资金跨境流动的新通道、增加隐性外债风险、影响调控政策效果等。要完善表外贸易融资管理,需加强本币对外负债监测,加强表外外汇业务风险监管,加快汇率利率市场化改革。     

外债宏观审慎监管的具体方法和实施路径

随着资本项目可兑换进程的推进,资本项下各类业务的政策限制越来越少,而由于外债的形式和特点使资金流入流出基本不受限制,因此跨境资金通过外债形式进出成为目前乃至今后的风险点,而且目前的外债管理存在一些问题和局限性。目前宏观审慎监管已成为我国宏观调控和维护金融系统稳定的工具,防范金融系统性风险的手段,外债管理在新形势下应用新的监管手段是大势之趋。     

贸易信贷外汇管理的现状及政策建议

本文通过对以贸易信贷形式表现的短期外债、隐性外债形成原因的分析,揭示了在人民币持续升值背景之下,此类外汇资金跨境流动量过快增长而产生的不利影响,以及在现行外汇管理政策体系下贸易信贷外汇监管的难点,并提出了改进及完善相关政策法规的建议。     

关注贸易项下“隐形外债”问题

近年来,在境内外汇差、利差的影响下,我国跨境资金流入压力急剧增加,借道贸易项下流入的隐形外债案件有增加趋势。这些案件流入金额较大、隐蔽性较强、期限也不确定,加大了对跨境资金异常流动监管难度。"隐形外债"的分类直接流入型主要表现为在企业未来并无货物流发生的情况下,资金以预收货款的形式流入境内,构成实质意义上的外债。目前,A类企业在银行办理贸易收汇时,银行原则上可不审核其交易单证,此项便利化措施给绝大部分合规企业带     

加强隐性外债管理 切实防范外债隐形风险

一、隐性外债形成方式及案例分析(一)以预收货款方式流入的隐性外债现行的出口收汇核销制度对预收货款的实际监管效果有限,预收货款在某种意义上已成为外汇资金违规流入的暗河,各种具有资本、融资甚至投机性质的资金极易通过预收货款的形式流入境内。以预收方式流入境内而形成的隐性外债,主要有以下两种情形:     

提升债务本币化程度 完善我国外债管理

外债作为对境外资金利用的一种形式,一定程度上是国家综合实力和经济承受力的体现。从别国本币外债的发展趋势看,发达经济体本币外债占比一直较高,新兴经济体近年来普遍呈上升态势。发展本币外债的主要动因,在于其能消除货币错配风险、规避汇率风险以及便利本币跨境使用等。随着人民币跨境使用需求的增长,人民币外债类型和规模将逐渐增多,建议按照国际标准建立统一的全口径外债统计体系等方式,完善我国本外币外债管理。     

宏观审慎的跨境资金流动调节工具选择和设计

本文认为,宏观审慎的跨境资金流动调节工具,应同时遵循适应人民币资本项目可兑换和宏观审慎监管理念的要求。由于银行在跨境资金流动中的地位越来越突出,以银行为调控对象,更能体现宏观总量和逆周期审慎调控特征。其中,银行短期外债和结售汇综合头寸管理是目前可用的主要调节手段。本文研究认为,对银行短期外债可建立全口径管理模式,根据短债风险状况分别赋权,实行动态总量调节和逆周期风险调控。结售汇综合头寸管理,可引入无息存款准备金制度,以银行在外汇市场上的交易为突破口,通过增加银行交易成本,促使其对跨境资金进行截流,起到分散跨境资金流动风险的作用。     

宏观审慎的跨境资金流动调节工具选择和设计北大核心

本文认为,宏观审慎的跨境资金流动调节工具,应同时遵循适应人民币资本项目可兑换和宏观审慎监管理念的要求。由于银行在跨境资金流动中的地位越来越突出,以银行为调控对象,更能体现宏观总量和逆周期审慎调控特征。其中,银行短期外债和结售汇综合头寸管理是目前可用的主要调节手段。本文研究认为,对银行短期外债可建立全口径管理模式,根据短债风险状况分别赋权,实行动态总量调节和逆周期风险调控。结售汇综合头寸管理,可引入无息存款准备金制度,以银行在外汇市场上的交易为突破口,通过增加银行交易成本,促使其对跨境资金进行截流,起到分散跨境资金流动风险的作用。     

建立全口径银行短期外债指标管理制度的基本设想

银行短期外债是银行外汇资金的重要来源,对跨境资金流动的影响不容忽视,然而由于目前的监管口径偏窄,为套利融资产品迅速膨胀提供了发展空间。为从源头有效管控银行短期外债资金流入,应建立银行短期外债全口径统计体系和总量调控机制。     

对银行全口径短期外债管理的研究

银行短期外债是银行外汇资金的重要来源，对跨境资金流动的影响不容忽视，然而由于日前的监管口径偏窄，为套利融资产品迅速膨胀提供了发展空间。为从源头上有效管控银行短期外债资金流入，应建立银行短期外债全口径统计体系和总量调控机制。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.