从经济学角度看劳动者的违约金承担与劳动合同期

面对我国《劳动合同法》的出台,作者试图突破现有法理学研究的局限性,以违约金的补偿性质为前提,通过违约金计算模型的建立,从经济学的成本收益角度对劳动者的违约金承担和劳动合同期限等问题进行本质上的分析和探讨,以从经济理论上证明我国《劳动合同法》中取消劳动者违约金和限制劳动合同期等规定的一般合理性,并进一步对培训费用分摊等法律问题和改善劳动者弱势地位的办法等提出了具体的看法和建议。     

公司债券的违约风险度量技术及应用

随着我国资本市场的进一步发展,公司债券已经成为我国资本市场重要的金融工具。因此,公司债券的违约风险已经成为投资者关注的重要因素。本文系统地论述了度量公司债券违约风险的三类主要方法：信用评级法、数理模型法和保险思想法。在此基础上,论述了我国发展债券市场提高公司债券违约风险度量技术的基本思路是重点利用信用评级方法,积极开发数理模型方法,创造条件利用保险思想模型。     

电力市场远期合同交易的实验分析

由于电力商品的特殊性,电力市场中的各参与者面临前所未有的风险。远期合同交易的引入不仅可以锁定电价以回避价格风险,还可以对市场成员的交易策略产生影响,抑制市场力和促进竞争。笔者认为实验经济学的方法在电力市场问题的研究中有着广阔的应用前景。     

从债法视角论倒签提单行为的法律性质

作为国际贸易实践中极为普遍的运输单据欺诈之一,倒签提单行为法律性质的认定在审判实践中往往引起诸多争议。倒签提单行为衍生自国际贸易合同和海上货物运输合同,其本身不能脱离合同而独立存在,因此从债法角度分析倒签提单的法律性质将更为清晰。倒签提单行为的通常情形是违约行为,构成特例侵权行为;倒签提单的行为人在整体上应当承担违约责任,在特例中才能构成违约责任和侵权责任的竞合。     

经济学发展的基本途径

笔者探讨了经济学发展的基本途径,以经济学的自然科学基础更新为例,说明经济学发展要吸收科学发展的成果;以金融市场成为"人造市场"为例.说明经济学发展需要从现实中吸收营养;以当前金融--经济危机为例.说明经济学发展需要继承前人的研究成果,特别是马克思的基本理论;以科学发展的两条道路为例.说明经济学发展需要遵循科学发展的客观规律.     

Teaching Regressions with a Lagged Dependent Variable and Autocorrelated Disturbances

The author attempts to rectify the unsatisfactory textbook treatment of the finite-sample properties of estimators of regression models with a lagged dependent variable and autocorrelated disturbances. He contends that the bias of the OLS estimator of a regression model with a lagged dependent variable and autocorrelated disturbances is determined by two effects, the dynamic effect and the correlation effect, which may be reinforcing or offsetting. The implications of these two effects are explored within a theoretical and a Monte Carlo framework.     

人工智能、侵蚀性竞争和行业质量阶梯

本文采用国际机器人联合会提供的工业机器人跨国跨行业安装数据,考察了人工智能对行业质量阶梯的影响与作用机制,并在此基础上探究了侵蚀性竞争的调节作用及其引致的质量集聚效应。研究结果发现,人工智能显著缩短了行业质量阶梯,提升了产品质量,且这一作用在一系列检验后依然稳健;基于内生中介效应模型的结果表明,人工智能对质量阶梯的影响是通过增加中间品使用、提高生产率和改变资本密集度实现的。侵蚀性竞争的存在,不仅负向调节了人工智能对行业质量阶梯的作用,还引发了质量维度上的地理转移现象,导致高质量产品的产销活动转变为以高质量国家为中心进行的区域性活动。探究人工智能对行业质量阶梯的影响,既有助于厘清人工智能的经济效应,也有助于提升产品国际竞争力,助推贸易高质量发展。     

新自由主义经济学中的政府观及其启示

新自由主义经济学各流派是现代经济学丛林中的奇葩。在充分肯定市场作用的前提下,具有各不相同的政府观。了解和认识新自由主义经济学各流派的政府观,并进行系统比较和总结,对中国在全球化背景下形成和构建政府观具有极其重要的意义。     

The Limits of Organizational Change

The paper builds on the Marxist concept of exploitation to explore the meaning of the Post Keynesian notion of uncertainty. Uncertainty is mediated by institutions and is distributed unevenly among different social groups. As different historical social formations entail different institutional structures, the distribution and nature of uncertainty will also differ. The social configurations between class relations and uncertainty are analyzed for the capitalist, feudal and slave modes of production. It is demonstrated that modes of production do not only imply specific exploitative relations but also different relative distributions of uncertainty amongst classes. The joining of Marxian and Post Keynesian approaches allows for a richer understanding of exploitive relations and illuminates the full societal impact of uncertainty. It is shown that only in capitalism is the exploited class exposed to a substantial degree of economic uncertainty.     

How Should the Graduate Economics Core be Changed?

The authors present suggestions by graduate students from a range of economics departments for improving the first-year core sequence in economics. The students identified a number of elements that should be added to the core: more training in building microeconomic models, a discussion of the methodological foundations of model-building, more emphasis on institutions to motivate and contextualize macroeconomic models, and greater focus on econometric practice rather than theory. The authors hope that these suggestions will encourage departments to take a fresh look at the content of the first-year core.     

关系型契约特殊类别:超市场契约

从契约理论的角度看,企业网络或企业与市场间中间状态,可以由“超市场契约”来描述,它是关系型契约的一个特殊类别,是拥有关键性资源的企业以管理输出和行使指挥权方式与其他相关企业的交易。私人可履约资本、合作的潜在丰厚收益和违约的机会成本,以及威廉姆森式的安全保证条款是促使企业间超市场契约可自我实施的条件。     

经济改革与经济学转型

我国的经济改革是在传统计划体制背景下启动的,也是在一定的改革意识引领下发生的,但在传统政治经济学框架内形成的改革理论具有一定的局限性。改革开放以来,经济学者运用现代经济学方法对中国经济进行分析,获得了有价值的成果。但是,我国经济学理论的转型还没有完成。为了深化市场经济的改革,如何科学地认识市场经济,怎样在经济学理论研究中体现现代精神,都需要在范式转型的前提下继续进行探索。     

工业设计与经济发展刍议

笔者从研究工业设计的产生和发展入手,剖析了工业设计的定义,阐述了工业设计的经济属性,并借鉴国内外通过工业设计促进经济发展的成功经验,着力分析工业设计与经济发展的关系,探讨了工业设计对我国经济发展的推动作用并结合中国经济发展的现状,提出中国“工业设计经济学”的研究方向与加强工业设计促进经济发展的若干建议。     

专利法利益平衡机制的法经济学解析——基于社会契约论的观点

现有文献对专利法中具体权利限制制度的研究,难以使我们从整体上把握专利法利益平衡原则的作用机制.而从社会契约论的视角着眼,专利法利益平衡机制可归结为信息公开-权利专有的对价关系.运用法经济学原理进行的分析表明,契约对价通过专利长度和专利宽度两个法律变量的变化协调双方的利益关系.分析结果进一步指出专利契约在实践中面临价值缺失的危险,提出在契约订立过程中引入博弈机制是重构专利契约的关键.     

收回铜官山矿权一百周年述评

安徽省铜陵市铜官山是座风光旖旎,富藏铜、铁等金属矿质的矿山。20世纪初,英国迫使清廷与其签订铜官山勘、采合同。皖绅商学各界纷起反对,掀起了大规模的收回铜官山矿权斗争,影响深远。清廷面临国内"舆情民意"的压力,以"赎约"的方式收回铜官山矿权。距今百年,回顾沧桑巨变,给予人们有益的启示。     

Confucian economics: how is Chinese thinking different?

The Chinese have their economics. Not yet acknowledged, it is contained in the Confucian thought. Called by me ‘Confucian economics’, it sharply differs from the Western ‘Liberal economics’. Individuals seek posterity through offspring, rather than ‘instant gratification’. Resources are not seen as scarce but as abundant. Rather than take resources from others, people work to make a living. The work ethics and not the profit margin is a key motive. Individuals work not for themselves but for their family. The family is a source of moral sentiment, understood as responsibility for others. This is why the main institution is family and not market. To Confucians, the key principle is equality, which precedes efficiency. Inequality upsets ‘social peace’, as a precondition for growth. Built on Liberal principles, the Western capitalist system is a market one. The Chinese system, which I call ‘Confucian system’, is also market-based. The former is a ‘free market’ animated by individuals, the latter is a ‘familial market’ built around households. Both approaches advocate ‘minimal state’, but for Liberals the state is a ‘night watchman’ to ensure the security of resources, while for Confucians, the state is a moral guide to enable social harmony. As a theory, Confucian economics is a form of ethics and the Liberal is not. China has never abandoned Confucianism. The recent reforms are not about rolling back the Soviet model to establish a capitalist system. Relying on Confucian economics, China is reviving Confucian system. Paradoxically, the ancient Confucian economics has become the engine of China’s modernity. This is a key reason for China’s ‘longest boom’. To extend it, China needs to refocus its policies from ‘capital formation’ to the ‘moral cultivation’, along the Confucian principles.