共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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We introduce measures and statistical tests for multiplexity and exchange that are modeled on similar ideas developed for
reciprocity quite early in the history of social network research. As properties of a multi-relation network, multiplexity,
and exchange have almost as ancient a history as reciprocity, but have not been as intensively investigated from a methodological
perspective. Multiplexity refers to the extent to which two ties, for example, advice and friendship, coincide over population;
that is, do respondents name the same people as friends as the persons they nominate as individuals from who they seek advice.
Exchange refers to the extent to which a tie of one type directed from person i to person j is returned by a tie of another type from j to i. We conceive of the current paper as the first part of a two-part paper, wherein the second part explores specific theoretical
models for multiplexity and exchange. 相似文献
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Garson J 《The OECD observer. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development》1992,(176):18-24
Recent trends in international migration in OECD member countries are summarized using data from the SOPEMI system, under which OECD countries report annually on international migration affecting them. The synopsis includes a review of recent changes in migration policies, as well as a summary of the impact of immigration on employment and demographic trends. 相似文献
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A study of the extent of agreement among workers, supervisors, and managers about role sets, supervisory climate, and patterns of influence. 相似文献
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Matthew J. Mazzei 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2018,14(3):657-670
Strategic entrepreneurship (SE) is typically defined as organizationally consequential innovations within existing firms that involve the combination/integration of opportunity- and advantage-seeking behaviors. Focused on the transformation of organizations through innovation, SE is a construct that has generated much practitioner and scholarly interest in the preceding decades. Building upon the many contributions already observed on the topic, this paper aims to identify current limitations and central research issues of SE. Borrowing a framework from the change management literature, I diagnose current conceptualizations of SE and promote future research through careful consideration of the content, process, context, and relevant outcomes of SE. Examination of the extant literature would suggest there is still ample room for scholars to contribute to properly defining SE, understanding exactly how SE is manifest in organizations, uncovering relevant and opportune internal and external environments for SE to pervade, and identifying pertinent consequences and results from successful SE. 相似文献
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Mason Gaffney 《American journal of economics and sociology》2016,75(5):1064-1231
Numerous conflicts over natural resources can be overcome by restoring reciprocity between public and private sectors of the economy. Chapter 1 reviews two competing forms of environmentalism: one that accommodates business interests by giving public resources to them, and one that sacralizes the bond between society and nature by protecting both environmental quality and social equity. Chapter 2 discusses problems around the world that can be traced to mismanagement of natural resources, including land grabs and poverty. It also reveals a natural confluence between environmental, economic, and social concerns. Chapter 3 shows problems created by California's water tenure laws. California's 19th century equitable solution (the Wright Act) is examined, along with inequities in legal regimes of India, Pakistan, South Africa, and the Philippines. Chapter 4 is a case study of how water laws have affected one river in California's Central Valley by preventing efficient water use. Chapter 5 shows why “water markets,” the standard panacea offered by most economists, have failed to improve either the efficiency or equity of water allocations in California and why such schemes are likely to fail for other natural resources. The missing element in such plans is a method of creating reciprocity by compensating the public, as the original owners of all natural resources. Chapter 6 concludes with four principles derived from the foregoing analysis. 相似文献
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The Comparative City: Knowledge,Learning, Urbanism 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
COLIN MCFARLANE 《International journal of urban and regional research》2010,34(4):725-742
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Kwangsoo Ko Sangbin Lee Jeeseok Chung 《Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting》1995,6(1):26-42
Along the lines of Amihud and Mendelson (1987a, 1989,1991), this study investigates the unique trading mechanism of the Korea Stock Exchange (KSE) and its intraday behavior of stock price volatility. The evidence from this study indicates that the introduction of an additional clearing procedure at the afternoon closing makes price discovery process more efficient than before from the viewpoint of stock price volatility. Hence, such trading mechanisms can be applied to emerging stock markets as well as developed stock markets. In addition, based on intraday analysis, stock price volatilities appear to occur mainly during the trading period, not during the lunch break or overnight period. Consequently, the results confirm the previous studies that information arrival and trading activities are the main sources of volatility. 相似文献
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Iddo Gal 《Revue internationale de statistique》2002,70(1):1-25
Statistical literacy is a key ability expected of citizens in information-laden societies, and is often touted as an expected outcome of schooling and as a necessary component of adults'numeracy and literacy. Yet, its meaning and building blocks have received little explicit attention. This paper proposes a conceptualization of statistical literacy and describes its key components. Statistical literacy is portrayed as the ability to interpret, critically evaluate, and communicate about statistical information and messages. It is argued that statistically literate behavior is predicated on the joint activation of five interrelated knowledge bases (literacy, statistical, mathematical, context, and critical), together with a cluster of supporting dispositions and enabling beliefs. Educational and research implications are discussed, and responsibilities facing educators, statisticians, and other stakeholders are outlined. 相似文献