Comparative assessment of tourist generating markets for New Zealand

Portfolio analysis has become a widely used strategic planning tool in many industries during the past decade. Strategic decisions in the tourism industry include issues such as which markets are most attractive (e.g. have greatest visitor expenditure potential); in which markets are a specific country's “products” most competitive; how promotional budgets should be allocated for greatest effectiveness; and what the promotional message should convey. Industry Attractiveness Analysis—a flexible variety of portfolio analysis—has been applied to the generating countries which supply tourists to New Zealand in an illustrative case study. Both national level and individual company applications are described and illustrated in 3 × 3 matrix form. These diagrams are, in themselves, a good communication mechanism which encourages rational, strategic thinking about managerial decisions and resources allocations. Past, present, and future situations can be portrayed in a graphically useful manner.     

The transpitality industry

Hotel operations can be usefully viewed as part of a larger system, the transportation-hospitality, or transpitality industry. The two service industries concerned are inextricably linked. There is already some cooperation between the two, but this paper argues that closer cooperation may well be possible and potentially profitable. Linkages discussed include those through computer data banks, the use of network models, common planning, and the services provided by either arm of the industry to ease the strain of travel for the consumer.     

回顾与展望:2000-2004年的《旅游学刊》

本文对2000-2004年《旅游学刊》刊登的481篇论文进行了分类统计,并着重介绍了旅游业产业地位和作用、可持续发展和生态旅游、景区保护与管理、饭店和旅行社、旅游规划、旅游经济分析、区域旅游业发展、旅游市场与旅游者行为、研究综述等9个主题的重要文献,以此追踪近年中国旅游研究的动态,并反映《旅游学刊》为促进我国旅游业发展和旅游研究进步而做的努力。     

Meeting planners’ use and evaluation of convention and visitor bureaus

The MICE industry represents one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism industry. Yet, it is only in recent years that the economic contribution of this industry segment has been recognized and the relationships among the various industry players have been examined in more depth. This study focuses on the relationship between meeting planners and convention and visitor bureaus (CVBs). Results of the study indicate that association meeting planners utilize CVBs more frequently than corporate planners. Meeting planners mainly use free rather than fee-based CVB services, with destination information and referral services being the most popular. The desire to deal directly with suppliers represents the major reason for meeting planners bypassing CVBs in their convention/meeting planning. Implications of the study results are discussed.     

Tourism in Malaysia competing needs in a plural society

Tourism development in Malaysia is constrained by certain socioeconomic and political factors which require planning considerations beyond the traditional concerns for growth and promotion. Apart from the New Economic Policy which calls for racial-spatial economic restructuring and indigenization of control, tourism development in Malaysia requires reconciliation with the less than liberal religious and cultural orientations of the populace. This paper presents an overview of the socioeconomic impacts of tourism with particular reference to the role of ethnicity in the development of the tourist industry.     

Codes of ethics,corporate philanthropy,and employee responses

Although ethical management would seem to be a must in today's business climate, research and practical applications in the services industry and in developing economies remain scarce. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of codes of ethics and corporate philanthropy on the Korean services industry. The results demonstrate that, overall, a code of ethics directly affects corporate philanthropy and organizational engagement. Corporate philanthropy, in turn, positively relates to employee engagement and turnover intention. Turnover intention is explained by job and organizational engagement. The strategic importance of ethics management and the following philanthropic activities in the hospitality services are illustrated from the findings of this research.     

FROM THE EDITOR

Abstract

Thailand has some of the finest conference venues in Southeast Asia, and the convention/exhibition industry is important to the development of the nation's overall tourism industry. The convention/exhibition industry is good for the tourism industry, because it helps to enhance the quality of accommodations, hospitality, and services that are located in such an exotic location. Also, it stimulates the convention/exhibition industry investment in terms of associated facilities and services. An analysis of the performance of the convention and exhibition industry in 1996 and 1997 was conducted in this paper. The results solidly suggest that Thailand has a strong convention and exhibition industry which should produce substantial economic impact in the years ahead. Recommendations for future research are also provided.     

Use of E-marketing tools as communication management in the tourism industry

Innovative processes in the tourism industry are usually defined by improving customer services and by investing in Information and communication technology (ICTs). Tourism companies cooperate with developing countries and their attractiveness on the international tourism market as well as with communication of the image concept. New technologies facilitate the availability of tourism services by offering customer-friendly services. Although the tourism business is considered as a pioneer in the adoption of new technologies, studies have shown that new technologies often seem be inadequate, and their impact assessment is not systematic. The aim of this research is to define the potential improvements of the e-marketing within the tourism industry through the characterization of the importance of tourism innovation, evaluation of the key e-marketing communication tool preferences from the point of view of the Lithuanian tourism users. Overall, 384 tourists were surveyed to achieve the research objective. Findings show that e-marketing tools used in the Lithuanian tourism industry are effective, although, there are strategies that are not fully operational or not used at all.     

Anthropology and tourism: A science-industry evaluation

The anthropological contribution to touristic study derives from this discipline's holistic perception of human culture and its comparative methodology. Renewed use of the “national character” approach, applying traditional field methods to industrial societies, would serve to identify elements stimulating tourism in the donor area and the needs within the recipient region. A tourist region is defined as a marketable destination with the surrounding support zones to supply requisite visitor services. The relationship between tourism and regional development needs to be assessed in terms of the economy theory of multiplier effect, as money, goods, services and people flow between the regional core and its support zones. Models illustrate internal development as well as donor-recipient relations. Science and industry share common goals in development and management of tourism, noted by efforts to educate the decision-makers as well as the tourist.     

A behavioral analysis of web sharers and browsers in Hong Kong using targeted association rule mining

With the widespread use of Internet technology, electronic word-of-mouth [eWOM] communication through online reviews of products and services has a strong influence on consumer behavior and preferences. Although prior research efforts have attempted to investigate the behavior of users regarding the sharing of personal experiences and browsing the experiences of others online, it remains a challenge for business managers to incorporate eWOM effects into their business planning and decision-making processes effectively. Applying a newly proposed association rule mining technique, this study investigates eWOM in the context of the tourism industry using an outbound domestic tourism data set that was recently collected in Hong Kong. The complete profiles and the relations of online experience sharers and travel website browsers are explored. The empirical results are useful in helping tourism managers to define new target customers and to plan more effective marketing strategies.     

Services Research in Destination Marketing

Abstract

This paper examines the past performance of, and future prospects for, services marketing research into tourism destination marketing and management. While service delivery by individual enterprises is important, the fundamental products of the industry are destination experiences that incorporate commercial tourism services as well as non-commercial activities and interactions. For this reason, the paper focuses on tourism destinations rather than the individual enterprises that deliver services to tourists at destinations. The paper identifies areas that have attracted a concentration of research effort to date. The principal objective of the paper, however, is to identify services research issues deserving greater attention by service researchers in general and tourism researchers in particular.     

Combining time-series and econometric forecast of tourism activity

It has always been difficult to model the travel industry because tourism involves such a diverse set of activities. However, various regional decision makers have become increasingly interested in predicting the flows of visitors through their market. Accurate forecasts of the number of tourists' arrivals, their length of stay, and their expenditures improve planning and inventory control. Stochastic time-series models have compared favorably with econometric models at the aggregate level while some naive automatic forecasting tools have fared well in comparison when predicting industry-level behavior. Several approaches have been developed to improve forecast accuracy. This paper presents parsimonious methods of improving accuracy by combining various forecasting techniques. The Box-Jenkins stochastic time-series method is combined with a traditional econometric technique to forecast airline visitors to the State of Florida.     

国内民宿业发展研究知识图谱分析

文章运用CiteSpace软件对中国知网收录的1190篇主题为“民宿”的文献进行分析,从研究热点、论文作者、研究机构、学科分布和基金资助等方面着手,探析业界对国内民宿业发展的研究旨趣。研究发现:现阶段我国民宿业发展的研究成果较少,还未形成规模化、系统化的格局;关注民宿业发展的学者较为分散,暂无形成研究领域内的代表性学者及理论;对民宿业发展研究保持较高关注的机构主要是高等院校,也有不少行业内的关注使得民宿业研究的机构更加多元化;涉足民宿业发展研究的学科较多,但主要还是集中在旅游与服务业板块;从研究文献的基金资助角度来看,对于民宿业研究的基金扶持不多,也说明了现阶段对民宿业发展研究的重视程度不高。     

新时期中国旅游规划创新

随着中国旅游业的迅猛发展,对旅游规划进行系统、全面、深入的探讨和创新已迫在眉睫.旅游规划创新应包括理论创新、内容创新、技术创新、人才创新和组织创新等5个方面.作者认为,基于学科交融、古今贯通和中西互鉴的大融合是旅游规划创新的必然方向,旅游规划应该发展成为系统集成规划、协调性规划、动态规划和开放式规划.     

Market research in tourism : How important is it?

Even though tourism is probably the world's largest industry, only 5% of total market research turnover is in travel and tourism, indicating the relative underuse of research in the industry. The intangible nature of tourism and the lack of a truly free market place certain limits on market research's relevance, but the article suggests that the major barriers to its effective use are managerial attitudes and a lack of appreciation of how effective research can lead to increased profitability. In addition, the very areas where research would be most beneficial may well be those where it is most unlikely to be used: in understanding consumer motivations and in planning for the future.     

对概念性旅游规划的认识

随着旅游业竞争态势的全面展开,旅游规划工作的不断深入,旅游规划的现实需求也相应出现了新的变化特点。为了适应这些变化,旅游规划界对传统的规划思想和经典的研究方法不断重新认识,并引入新的规划设计理念。概念性旅游规划就是近年来出现的新生事物,它的出现必将对丰富旅游规划学科内容、推动旅游规划研究的发展起到积极的作用,非常值得关注。本文通过综合分析相关的研究文献,对概念性旅游规划的概念、性质、特点、应用等提出了系统的分析和阐述。     

Post Crisis Recovery

SUMMARY

In recent years a growing number of disasters have affected the tourism industry on scales that range from regional to global. Although there have been a number of significant disasters including SARS, the September 11 attack on the US in 2001, coups in Fiji and the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997/98 the impacts on the tourism industry in the affected regions and/or countries have been surprisingly short-term. There is still much to learn from how crisis events were managed by the various industry and government authorities involved. This paper focuses on aspects of the impact of Cyclone Larry on the North Queensland tourism industry by examining the impact on visitor flows in the short term and recording the views of visitors who had travelled to the region several months after the event. The research identifies aspects of visitor behaviours and expectations that may be of use to industry and government to better inform managers and policy makers in their planning and management functions.     

An Exploratory Study of the Level of Disaster Preparedness in the Canadian Hospitality Industry

Disaster planning is an important, but often neglected, part of leading an organization. Currently there exists little data on the level of disaster preparedness of organizations in the Canadian hospitality industry. In this article we present the results of a survey of a representative sample of organizations in this industry to assess the level of disaster preparedness. Results reveal an overall low level of preparedness. Implications of these results are discussed and recommendations for research and practice are suggested.     

旅游公共服务的理论认知与实践判断——兼与李爽商榷

在中国旅游市场呈现出大众化、散客化、常态化的新趋势下,旅游公共服务体系成为影响游客满意度和目的地竞争力的关键因素。由于旅游业在中国长期被作为高度市场化的经济产业看待,人们对旅游公共服务体系建设的依据和重要性缺乏认识,因而在理论研究和实践探索中均出现不少问题。文章检视了已有研究对于旅游公共服务理论认知的相关论点,着力分析了李爽等的旅游公共服务论所存在的核心概念认知矛盾、理论理解和实践判断偏差问题。在此基础上提出了笔者对于旅游公共服务的理论认知,从5个W和1个H的角度阐述了旅游公共服务的内涵、外延、属性、服务的对象与供给主体、供给机制与时空条件。文章认为,旅游公共服务的主体内容体现为旅游基础设施、目的地推广、旅游权益保障三大方面;其本质是公益性服务,服务供给机制和方式的多元化并不等同于责任提供主体的多元化;旅游者的共同需求和目的地公共利益的性质及其客观存在,决定了旅游并非纯粹市场化领域,政府提供旅游公共服务是正当的,也是应该的。当下中国旅游公共服务的主要问题不是过多,而是欠缺与低效并存。旅游行政部门虽然承担着最大、最多的公共服务职能,但对这一职能的性质、内容和功效的认识并不到位,与旅游者的期望和需求还有较大距离。