盈余管理与国有公司高管晋升效率

本文主要考察盈余管理是否以及如何影响国有公司高管晋升对业绩的敏感性。以2000—2009年中国A股国有上市公司的高管晋升数据为样本,从操纵性应计利润与非经常性损益两个角度度量盈余管理,我们检验发现,盈余管理会降低国有公司高管晋升对业绩的敏感性,并且当信息不对称程度较低、第一大股东持股比例较高或市场化程度较高时,盈余管理的这种负向影响更大。本文实证结果表明,如果政府无法识别国有公司的盈余管理行为,其高管晋升效率将受到损害,而股权集中度及地区市场化程度的提高有助于增强政府的识别能力,改进高管晋升效率。     

制度环境与管理层持股的激励效应北大核心CSSCI

管理层持股激励是当前理论和实务界关注的一种重要的公司治理机制。以往的研究往往研究激励契约本身或激励契约的经济后果。然而,激励契约有效发挥的重要前提是该契约与外部制度环境相适应。本文运用制度经济学的基本原理,实证检验了股权分置改革、国有控股、产品市场竞争这三种外部制度环境对管理层持股激励效率的影响。实证研究发现:①股权分置改革前,实施管理层持股激励的公司其经营绩效相比控制样本没有显著差异;股权分置改革后,其经营绩效显著高于控制样本。②国有控股企业采用管理层持股在股改前激励效应不显著,但是,在股改后激励效应显著提高。③在竞争性的产品市场,管理层持股激励有明显的正效应;而在垄断性市场中,管理层持股的激励效应较弱。本文的研究结果表明,制度环境是管理层持股激励发挥作用的重要前提,在实施管理层持股激励的同时,还应重视相关制度环境的改善,使管理层持股发挥应有的激励效应。     

高管激励对研发投入影响研究——终极控制权的调节作用

本文以医药制造类上市公司 2013 ～2015 年数据为样本, 实证研究了高管激励与研发投入之间关系以及不同终极控制权性质下高管激励对研发投入的影响。 结果表明： 高管持股、 高管薪酬与研发投入之间均呈现 “倒U 形” 非线性关系, 即随着高管持股比例与高管薪酬水平的增大, 研发投入先增加后减少, 高管激励只在一定合理范围内对企业研发投入产生较强的促进作用, 过高或过低的激励力度均不能有效提升企业的研发投入; 与非国有控制企业相比, 国有控制企业的高管持股对研发投入的影响更大、而高管薪酬对研发投入的影响不明显。     

高技术行业上市公司高管薪酬与经营业绩研究

一般来说,高技术企业具有高成长、高风险的特征,较之传统行业应实施更积极的高级管理层激励.但通过2004-2006年我国192家高技术行业上市公司面板数据的实证分析,发现高管薪酬与公司业绩无显著相关性,与公司规模显著正相关,非公有制控制的公司高管薪酬高于公有制控制的公司,而股权激励比例偏低,说明高技术行业上市公司高管薪酬机制的有效性有待提高.建议提高高管薪酬水平,完善薪酬结构,积极加大股权激励力度,逐步降低国有持股的比例.     

终极控制权对高管薪酬激励效应影响的实证分析

本文基于中国A股市场上市公司样本数据,从高管人力资本产权实现的理论视角,考虑终极控制权情景因素,实证分析了高管股权激励的结果效应。结论显示,终极控制权影响高管薪酬激励方式的选择,高管薪酬激励方式影响企业绩效,具体控制权情景下高管薪酬激励方式间企业绩效存在差异。总体而言,不论国有性质还是非国有性质,低控制权强度下实施股权激励的企业绩效显著高于未实施股权激励的企业,而高控制权强度下二者的差异不显著。     

客户集中度风险、政府补贴与公司研发投入——来自中国制造业上市公司的经验证据

本文基于中国上市公司披露的前5大核心客户数据,采用赫芬达尔指数计量其客户集中度风险,理论分析与实证检验客户集中度风险对公司研发投入行为的影响,以及另一外部利益相关者政府的“支持之手”--政府补贴对上述影响的调节作用。研究发现,客户集中度风险显著负向影响公司的研发投入水平,政府补贴的存在则弱化了这种负向影响,尤其在非国有公司中表现得更为显著。该研究拓展了客户集中度风险影响公司投资行为的经验研究,丰富了政府补贴激励公司研发投入活动的作用机理与路径研究。     

地方政府行为与企业研发投入——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析

本文从官员激励视角研究了在现行政府治理架构下,官员晋升竞争与财政分权对政府研发(R&D)补贴的影响,并将R&D补贴和治理环境内生到企业决策模型中,探寻我国企业R&D投入激励不足的原因。实证检验表明,传统以GDP为考核标准的晋升竞争显著降低了政府对企业的R&D补贴,地方政府财权与事权的不匹配也会减少政府研发补贴,进而影响企业研发投入。企业所处地区治理环境对企业R&D活动有显著的正面影响,政府干涉越少、寻租空间越小,企业越倾向于进行研发活动,R&D投入强度也随之提高。本文的结论对于加快地方政府转型,促进经济发展方式根本转变具有启示意义。     

高管薪酬诱发盈余管理的实证研究

本文从高管薪酬激励视角研究了我国上市公司的盈余管理行为,发现高管薪酬与盈余管理显著正相关,即高管有为提高自身薪酬进行盈余管理的动机,但高管持股比例与盈余管理相关性不强。此外,与非国有上市公司相比,国有上市公司高管薪酬诱发盈余管理的程度有所下降。实证研究结果还表明,上市公司董事会或薪酬委员会在订立高管薪酬契约时并没有考虑高管的盈余管理行为。     

产权性质、机构投资者持股与内部控制重大缺陷整改——来自沪深A股上市公司2010～2014的经验证据

本文以2012～2014年披露内部控制重大缺陷的沪深A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了机构投资者持股对内部控制重大缺陷整改的影响,在此基础上,进一步检验了产权性质对该治理效应的影响。研究发现：机构投资者总体持股与内部控制重大缺陷整改显著正相关;与压力敏感型机构投资者持股相比,压力抵制型机构投资者持股更能显著促进内部控制重大缺陷整改;与非国有企业相比,机构投资者的治理效应在国有企业中更显著。     

环境不确定性、税收激励政策与投资效率——基于可再生能源企业的研究

可再生能源投资效率关乎可再生能源产业的发展, 在环境不确定性和税收激励政策的影响下, 可再生能源投资效率会偏离其有效水平。 基于异质性双边随机前沿模型, 本文分析了环境不确定性和税收激励政策对可再生能源投资效率的影响, 得到主要结论如下： （1） 环境不确定性对可再生能源投资效率存在 51.84％的负向影响, 税收激励政策对可再生能源投资效率存在 48.16％的正向影响, 最终导致可再生能源投资效率低于其最优水平; （2） 在环境不确定性和税收激励政策综合影响下, 国有可再生能源企业投资效率为 1.15, 非国有可在生能源企业投资效率为－7.85, 国有可再生能源企业投资效率明显高于非国有可再生能源企业; （3） 税收激励政策对国有可再生能源企业投资效率的影响更大, 为 34.81％,比对非国有可再生能源企业投资效率的影响高5.84％。 以上结论为可再生能源企业更有效地投资以及为政府对可再生能源产业相关税收激励政策的制定提供参考; 为可再生能源企业更好地适应市场化发展和政府更有效地干预市场经济提供借鉴。     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.