违章是事故的祸根

习惯性违章时刻威胁安全生产．习惯性违章是造成事故的罪魁祸首。习惯性违章行为的根源,大致有这样几种情况：     

关于事故与违章

事故一般指一起可能涉及伤害的非预谋性的意外事件。它与安全相对,事故在日常生活、工作中处处都可能发生,对生命财产构成严重威胁,人类为了防止事故的发生采取了各种办法,可目前事故仍屡屡发生,每年还以极高的速度递     

防采掘工作面多人违章对策

煤矿井下工作，由于特殊的生产环境，特殊的管理时段(管理人员不可能全天候、全方位地“盯”在现场)和特殊的工人心理状态，致使违章作业，特别是多人违章作业现象时有发生。这种违章对安全生产危害性极大。笔者在日常生产和管理中发现，在以下4个时候容易发生多人违章。     

浅谈事故与违章

<正>事故从广义的角度讲是一种违背意志、失去控制、不希望有的意外事件。指个人或集体在为了实现某一意图而采取行动的过程中,由不安全的行为、动作或不安全的状态所引起的,突然发生了与人的意志相违背的情况,迫使这种行动暂时或永久停止下来的事件。     

反习惯性违章新举措

习惯性违章是一种经常发生的不良的违规行为，是长期逐渐养成的一种以人为的失误为主要的违反规章制度或操作规程的作业行为。习惯性违章在电力生产工作中屡见不鲜。     

习惯性违章的特性及对策

<正>所谓习惯性违章,是指那些违反安全工作规程或有章不循,坚持和固守不良作业方式和工作习惯的行为。它是一种长期沿袭下来的,反复出现的违章行为。是违反安全生产工作客观规律的盲目行为方式,且与事故之间构成了必然的因果关     

浅析习惯性违章产生的原因及应对措施

论述了企业职工生产作业现场习惯性违章的表现形式和产生的原因,提出了应对习惯性违章的措施,从而有效杜绝习惯性违章,提高安全生产保障水平。     

深抓实管杜绝电力部门习惯性违章

习惯性违章由来已久,根深蒂固。所谓习惯性违章,顾名思义,就是固守旧有不良的作业传统与工作习惯。表现为违章操作、违章指挥。如无票作业,无监护作业,不执行规定的安全技术措施等。这些违反安全规章的行为,由师传徒,由甲及乙,侥幸变“经验”,习惯成自然,以其特有的隐蔽性往往不被人们所认识,然而血的教训一再表明:习惯性违章是事故的温床和祸根,事故往往是习惯性违章的结果。由于习惯性违章不一定每次都造成事故,所造成的事故也不一定造成重伤、死亡。因而,这种带有守旧传统和侥幸心理的违章行为有时会给违章者带来超常的临时效益。如省时…     

解剖习惯性违章

事故统计分析表明，90％以上的安全事故是由违章引起的，其中大部分又与习惯性违章有关。要有效地预防事故发生，就必须遵章守纪，杜绝违章作业，尤其是习惯性违章作业。     

论石油企业的习惯性违章与安全生产管理问题

针对日常工作中的习惯性违章现象的特点、成因和危害进行了分析,对预防习惯性违章的安全生产管理措施进行了总结,为今后更好地进行生产安全管理提供了经验。     

Taxation by Regulation and Regulation by Taxation: The Case of Local Cable TV Regulation

Until late 1986, municipalities played a major role in cable television regulation.Municipalities not only regulated pricing and quality decisions but also taxed cablesystems in the forms of in-kind and in-cash concessions. These activities appear tofit well with the concept of taxation-by-regulation, which concludes that consumerwelfare is reduced because of the rent seeking behavior of local politicians. At thesame time however, the notion of regulation-by-taxation is equally plausible. Thatis, politicians may use taxation as a means to regulate the activity of a monopoly bylimiting monopoly rents and improving consumer welfare. This article empiricallyseparates these two effects and investigates the implications for consumer welfare.     

企业财务管理目标理论与实践矛盾及其对策

本文就财务管理目标理论与财务管理目标的实践问题进行了分析,并提出了解决矛盾的方法.     

Autonomy at work in the gig economy: analysing work status,work content and working conditions of independent professionals

This paper offers a critical perspective on the debate surrounding autonomy at work for a specific category of non‐standard workers: independent professionals. The increasing numbers now working this way as well as their spread into all sectors, industries and occupations, mean that their work arrangements can no longer be dismissed as non‐standard or atypical. Defining them by what they are not is quite simply no longer an option. Our paper examines the various components intertwined behind the taken‐for‐granted concept of autonomy. Drawing on debates from the legal through to the sociological and HR literatures, we identify three underlying dimensions to autonomy. When combined, they provide the basis for an analytical matrix that may assist policy makers, practitioners and individual workers to understand the challenges and opportunities linked to new ways of working.     

论社会主义生产关系条件下投资和消费的一致性

投资和消费是关系一国宏观经济发展的重要经济变量,是两个极为重要的国民经济问题。以往对二者关系的解读,只是分析了投资和消费的一般属性;在不同生产关系条件下,特别是在社会主义生产关系和资本主义生产关系条件下,投资和消费的之间的关系又各具有其特殊性。     

建立质量保障体系 加强重点工序质量控制延长油井检泵周期

针对油井检泵周期短、生产时率低的问题,从管杆泵等设备、油层物性和原油物性、技术配套、作业施工和采油管理等5个方面进行了详细的剖析和查找原因,在此基础上建立了5个方面的延长油井检泵周期的质量保证体系,在实施过程中加大了体系的控制和考核力度,取得显著效果。与2006年相比,减少断脱45井次,油井平均延长检泵周期63d,全年减少栓泵183井次,提高生产时率增产原油1293t,获效益1689万元。     

文南油田油管断裂失效分析与预防措施探讨

对油管断裂井的油管进行了调查研究,对断裂油管的螺纹断口宏观、微观、化学成分、金相组织和管柱组合结构进行了分析,对油管在井下的作业工况和受力状况进行了研究分析;探讨了预防油管断裂的措施。     

The evolution of hog production and potential sources for future growth in China

Following reforms to the market, China’s hog industry has developed rapidly, however, with social and economic transitions, China’s hog industry is facing challenges which might restrict long-term growth in production. This paper analyzes the changes in regional scale, organization, input factors, and technological progress for China’s hog production over the last few decades. The paper seeks to reveal the sources of hog production growth and provide some suggestions for future development of the hog industry. To achieve these aims, the paper uses stochastic frontier production functions and the Malmquist index to measure total factor productivity (TFP) in the hog industry and decompose TFP into technical efficiency; technological progress; scale efficiency; and allocative efficiency using data for 25 provinces from 1980 to 2008. The results show firstly that; the TFP of hog production increased by 64.3% from 1980 to 2008, and allocative efficiency and scale efficiency improvements played a key role in this TFP growth. In contrast, technical efficiency and technical progress have changed little over this period. Secondly, TFP’s contribution to output was 39.7%, it being less than that of factor inputs to output. Thirdly, the results suggest that the growth of China’s pork production depends mostly on the increase in the quantity of factor inputs, especially feed. As a consequence, the key to ensuring long-term and stable development of China’s hog production would seem to involve focusing on enhancing total factor productivity and changing the pattern of production growth.     

The co‐evolution of capabilities and transaction costs: explaining the institutional structure of production

This paper proposes that transaction costs and capabilities are fundamentally intertwined in the determination of vertical scope, and identifies the key mechanisms of their co‐evolution. Specifically, we argue that capability differences are a necessary condition for vertical specialization; and that transaction cost reductions only lead to specialization when capabilities along the value chain are heterogeneous. Furthermore, we argue that there are four evolutionary mechanisms that shape vertical scope over time. First, the selection process, itself driven by capability differences, dynamically shapes vertical scope; second, transaction costs are endogenously changed by firms that try to reshape the transactional environment to increase their profit and market share; third, changes in vertical scope affect the nature of the capability development process, i.e., the way in which firms improve their operations over time; and finally, the changes in the capability development process reshape the capability pool in the industry, changing the roster of qualified participants. These dynamics of capability and transaction cost co‐evolution are illustrated through two contrasting examples: the mortgage banking industry in the United States, which shows the shift from integrated to disintegrated production; and the Swiss watch‐manufacturing industry, which went from disintegration to integration. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

投入结构对我国科技产出的效应分析

科技产出不仅受投入资本和研发人员数量影响,也受投入结构影响。通过收集我国1990～2012年间科技产出、投入总量和结构数据,运用生产函数分析了投入结构对科技产出规模和要素效率的影响。研究发现：研发支出、试验发展支出、企业研发投入、高校研发人员等比例扩大对科技产出规模具有显著正向效应,应用研究支出、政府科技投入、高校研发支出、研究机构人员等比例对产出规模呈负向效应;研发人员与资本具有明显的替代关系,研发支出、基础研究支出、机构研发支出、企业研发支出、试验发展人员和企业研发人员等比例提高对研发人员效率有正向效应,但对资金效率呈负向效应,随后,模拟分析了投入结构调整对科技产出的影响。