公允价值计量模式的选用具有机会主义特征吗——来自于新准则实施之初的证据

新会计准则对部分会计项目(可选择项目)是否采用公允价值计量赋予了企业选择权,因此可能诱发机会主义的会计选择行为。文章对新准则实施之初公允价值计量模式的选用情况进行了实证分析,发现其选用程度并不高;同时,公允价值计量模式的选用没有体现出机会主义的操纵特征。也就是说,公允价值计量模式的选用基本正常,监管方所担忧的机会主义操纵行为并未出现。这很可能是新会计准则对于公允价值计量选择与运用的一系列限制性规定和监管部门针对准则过渡期的监管政策发挥了预期的效果。     

投资性房地产公允价值计量模式的应用困境与对策

2011年是我国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续趋同的关键时期,但在公允价值应用方面仍面临着许多特殊问题。新的企业会计准则已实施四年有余,投资性房地产公允价值计量模式仍面临应用困境。究其原因,市场条件不完善、准则限制条件严格、相关指引缺失、会计计量理念转变困难和上市公司的会计政策选择成为困境产生的主要原因。只有在始终保持审慎态度的基础上,积极采取相关措施才能应对公允价值计量模式的应用困境。     

上市公司会计政策选择的分析——投资性房地产的计量模式

文章通过分析新准则下上市公司对投资性房地产计量模式的选择,来考虑上市公司在选择会计政策时的影响因素。我们的研究发现,公司的治理机制是公司会计政策选择的决定性因素,而公司与管理层、债务人、政府的契约及其市场监督契约都是会计政策的影响因素;不完善的公司机制导致公司管理层非正常变动。在面对市场监督时,公司治理不完善的公司倾向于机会主义行为,对会计利润进行操纵以便达到盈利指标的要求,这也是这一类公司之所以选择投资性房地产公允价值计量模式的原因。     

会计计量模式的选择——基于实体经济与虚拟经济的视角

会计计量模式的选择与社会经济形态密切相关。本文基于实体经济与虚拟经济的视角,认为以产业资本占支配地位的实体经济,应选择历史成本作为会计计量模式,以虚拟资本占支配地位的虚拟经济应选择公允价值作为会计计量模式,在实体经济与虚拟经济互动的经济形态下,应选择历史成本与公允价值并重的双重会计计量模式。     

会计计量模式的选择——基于实体经济与虚拟经济的视角

会计计量模式的选择与社会经济形态密切相关.本文基于实体经济与虚拟经济的视角,认为以产业资本占支配地位的实体经济,应选择历史成本作为会计计量模式,以虚拟资本占支配地位的虚拟经济应选择公允价值作为会计计量模式,在实体经济与虚拟经济互动的经济形态下,应选择历史成本与公允价值并重的双重会计计量模式.     

公允价值——金融工具计量的最佳选择

在公允价值会计逐渐成为世界大多数国家普遍采用的会计准则,并成为金融机构进行核算与交易的基本方法的背景下,公允价值替代历史成本作为主要的会计计量模式,一直是国际会计界努力的方向。特别是对于金融工具,虽然并不完美,公允价值仍是最好的计量属性。因此,拟从理论基础和实证依据的角度,论述公允价值是金融工具计量的最佳选择。     

浅谈公允价值在新准则中的应用——全面收益报告时代来临

2006年中国财政部颁布了新的《企业会计准则》,其中引入了公允价值计量模式。公允价值的应用是会计准则的一个重大改进。公允价值的应用满足了会计计量全面收益的需要,符合国际会计计量的发展趋势,代表着全面收益报告时代的来临。     

上市公司投资性房地产计量模式选择的动因分析

<企业会计准则第3号--投资性房地产>准则规定投资性房地产的后续计量可以采用成本模式也可以采用公允价值模式.本文在对上市公司投资性房地产后续计量的执行情况进行分析的基础上,通过分析上市公司对投资性房地产计量模式的选择,提出了上市公司在选择会计政策时的影响因素.     

我国多属性会计计量模式浅析

在财务会计中,按历史成本计量是一条重要的原则.通过对历史成本等五种会计计量模式以及历史成本与公允价值、现行成本、现行市价、可变现净值与公允价值之间的辨析,提出了五种会计计量模式.并对多属性计量模式中计量单位的选择进行了分析.     

奶牛生物资产会计计量模式选择研究

针对农牧企业奶牛生物资产会计计量模式的选择进行研究.传统奶牛生物资产的会计计量模式一般有两种:历史成本计量模式与公允价值计量模式,但是对于生物资产会计计量模式如何选择并没有明确的规定和合理的方式.因此,提出对奶牛资产会计计量属性的选择应用复合型计量模式,在奶牛资产分类变化关键时点上,采用历史成本与公允价值有机复合的理论观点,兼顾会计信息质量的可靠性和相关性的相对平衡.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.