国际贸易、技术进步和中国工业行业的生产率增长

内生增长理论认为技术进步是经济增长最为重要的助推力,推动技术进步的力量是对研发的投资和国际贸易的发展。随着经济贸易与信息技术的飞速发展,社会对国际贸易、技术进步的关注程度日渐提升。通过深入分析国际贸易与工业行业生产率之间的关系,可以有针对性地应用有效手段对国际贸易进行调整,使其可以继续带动技术的进步并促进工业行业生产率的提升。基于此,论文探究了我国国际贸易、技术进步与工业行业生产率增长的关系,阐述了国际贸易、技术进步对于工业行业生产率的真实影响。     

行业生产率、行业发展速度和行业收入增长——基于SVAR模型的研究

运用结构向量自回归(SVAR)模型,对中国1978年至2009年农业、制造业、金融业收入增长的内在机制进行研究,结果表明:农业收入对生产率和发展速度冲击的反应是发散式反馈效应,生产率与农业发展速度的变化导致农业收入有一个较小且短期的收入增长,之后农业收入出现大幅度的波动;制造业收入对生产率和发展速度冲击的反应是一个收敛式反馈效应,制造业生产率与发展速度可以稳定地长期地提高制造业收入水平;金融业生产率与行业发展速度引起行业收入长期大幅度的波动,金融衍生工具可以在一定程度上克服波动的负面影响。     

CEPA给香港航运物流业带来了机遇

香港航运物流业近年来的发展并非一帆风顺,而内地与香港达成的CEPA协定为香港带来了突破瓶颈的机遇。本文阐述了香港航运物流业所面临的三大发展障碍,提出香港利用CEPA协议的优惠政策,寻求内地、自身以及向外三维结合的解决措施。     

生产率异质性、服务业“成本病”与经济增长

本文在一个均衡框架下重新构建了产业部门生产率增长对部门价格增长及名义产出增长影响的理论机制,通过产业部门的数据对理论进行实证分析,研究生产率增长较慢的部门是否存在价格攀升过快的服务业“成本病”问题和部门产出增长走向停滞的问题。结果表明,生产率增长缓慢的产业部门价格攀升过快的“成本病”问题在所有行业普遍存在,但行业间具有异质性特征。部门生产率的下降对产出增长具有显著抑制作用,尽管抑制作用会通过提高价格这一中介变量增加产出而有所缓解,但是生产率的下降对产出增长的净效应显著为负。因此,在新时代中国经济结构升级转型的关键时期,要警惕生产率增长缓慢的部门价格攀升过快,但也不必过分忧虑因大力倡导发展生产技术提高生产率使得本部门价格下滑过快、劳动力流失而面临增长停滞的问题。     

International Comparisons of Labour Productivity in Transport and Communications: The US,the UK and Germany

We construct benchmark estimates of labour productivity covering the transport and communications sectors for the US, UK and Germany for 1992 and 1993. The US lead is substantial in rail and trucking, even after adjusting for differences in stage length, but Britain leads in air transport and all three countries have similar productivity levels in local transport. In telecommunications and postal services the US enjoys a large lead over both the UK and Germany. We compare these estimates based on industry data with ones derived from the national accounts and find them similar in communications but not in transport. For 1973–96, and also 1989–96, productivity was growing slower in the US, hence some of the gap has been closed.     

亚洲四国钢铁产业国际竞争力比较研究

本文采用多层次灰色关联分析法,利用2003年、2007年和2012年的截面数据,首次对亚洲四个钢铁大国中国、日本、韩国和印度的钢铁产业国际竞争力进行评价和比较分析。研究结果表明,日本是四国中钢铁产业综合国际竞争力最强的国家,中国和韩国综合实力不相上下,印度最弱。其中,中国的钢铁产业在生产能力和经济环境指标上处于竞争强势,但在市场绩效和技术水平指标上的表现处于竞争弱势。     

Temporal causality between house prices and output in the US: A bootstrap rolling-window approach

This paper examines the causal relationships between the real house price index and real GDP per capita in the US, using the bootstrap Granger (temporal) non-causality test and a fixed-size rolling-window estimation approach. We use quarterly time-series data on the real house price index and real GDP per capita, covering the period 1963:Q1 to 2012:Q2. The full-sample bootstrap non-Granger causality test result suggests the existence of a unidirectional causality running from the real house price index to real GDP per capita. A wide variety of tests of parameter constancy used to examine the stability of the estimated vector autoregressive models indicate short- and long-run instability. This suggests that we cannot rely on the full-sample causality tests and, hence, this warrants a time-varying (bootstrap) rolling-window approach to examine the causal relationship between these two variables. Using a rolling window size of 28 quarters, we find that while causality from the real house price to real GDP per capita occurs frequently, significant, but less frequent, evidence of real GDP per capita causing the real house price also occurs. These results imply that while the real house price leads real GDP per capita, in general (both during expansions and recessions), significant feedbacks also exist from real GDP per capita to the real house price.     

环境保护对我国纺织产业国际竞争力的影响

全球环境意识不断高涨,我国一些传统优势产业面临新的问题,与环境相关的各种贸易壁垒层出不穷。本文通过环境保护对产业国际竞争力影响的分析,阐明我国纺织产业在新国际环境下面临的挑战和机遇,并提出一些发展建议。     

江苏省医药产业国际竞争力的现状分析

随着全球经济的迅猛发展,中国医药产业面临着严峻的国际竞争形势。对于发展迅速地江苏医药产业,如何提高其自身实力,在国际竞争中取得优势就显得尤为重要。本文对江苏医药产业国际竞争力的现状进行了分析,总结了产业在发展中存在的不足,并针对这些不足,提出合理的解决措施。     

基于SWOT-PEST矩阵的苏州国际货代物流业发展分析

苏州经济是典型的外向型经济模式,从2000之后,苏州的外贸依存度就超过了100%,GDP的发展很大程度上依赖于对外贸易的发展,因此,作为提供国际货物运输服务的国际货代物流业的发展状况也直接影响着苏州整体经济的发展状况。文章运用SWOT—PEST矩阵对苏州的国际货代物流业进行了分析,并提出了相应的发展策略。     

Total Factor Productivity Growth and Technical Change in a Profit Function Framework

This paper develops a framework for measuring and decomposing TFP changes, within the parametric approach, by using directly the estimated parameters of a profit function. Two alternative relationships are derived for measuring and decomposing TFP changes via a profit function based on two alternative definitions of the rate of technical change, i.e., input- and output-based. Initially a long-run equilibrium framework is assumed and then the analysis is extended to the case of temporary equilibrium. The latter framework is applied to US agriculture by estimating a translog profit function and analyzing TFP changes during the period 1948–1994.     

Impact of Green Innovation on Labor Productivity and its Determinants: an Analysis of the Korean Manufacturing Industry

Due to worsening environmental conditions around the globe, firms have been investing a great deal of money in green technologies as a way of coping with the environmental crisis. This paper uses a unique data set based on the Korea Innovation Survey to examine the impact of green innovation on labor productivity, and the determinants of environmental activities in 2010. The empirical results show that green innovation intended for both firm and customer benefits has a positive effect on labor productivity. This finding means that firms need to implement firm‐oriented green innovation as well as customer‐oriented green innovation in order to increase their performance. Our findings also show that there are significant differences in aggregate green innovations depending on different firm sizes and industries. Specifically, large firms implement environmental activities more than small ones, and pollution‐intensive industries tend to invest more in activities related to environmental technology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Organizational Cultural Intelligence: A Competitive Capability for Strategic Alliances in the International Construction Industry

Cultural intelligence (CQ) on the organizational level is an organization's capacity to reconfigure its capability to function and manage effectively in culturally diverse environments and to gain and sustain its competitive advantages. This study aims to present a model, examining how organizational CQ through competitiveness framework might potentially affect the strategic alliancing ability of contracting firms operating abroad. The research involves a questionnaire survey conducted with the contracting firms. The research findings support the contracting firms leveraging their cultural intelligence as their main cross‐cultural competence for establishing and increasing the performance of international strategic alliances.     

Economic Efficiency and Productivity Growth in the Post-Privatization Chilean Hydroelectric Industry

Chiles hydroelectric industry was privatized in 1985, but required to operate within a regulatory framework designed to achieve a competitive outcome. A centralized dispatch center was established to ensure production at minimum cost, subject to constraints on minimum release and minimum reservoir stock. A reluctance to rapidly reduce the industry work force may also have existed. We develop a constrained cost-minimization model for thermal and hydro generation to obtain the shadow price of water and to determine the qualitative effect of these constraints on allocative efficiency. Using panel data from 1986–1997, we assess the economic efficiency of the hydro industry by estimating a stochastic distance frontier and price equations from the dual cost-minimization problem. We find dramatic increases in technical change and productivity change, with positive efficiency change for all years but the last. We also observe a dramatic decline in allocative inefficiencies over our sample period. The share of hydro generation from run-of-river and thermal plants relative to reservoir plants has increased, presumably in reaction to the water release and reservoir stock constraints, reducing the relative over-utilization of capital to water from the pre-1985 regime. Further, the over-utilization of labor to capital and water has fallen over time. However, considerable allocative inefficiencies remain, consistent with our finding of industry-wide scale economies. Substantial cost savings would result if technical and allocative efficiency were eliminated.JEL Classification: L94, D24     

物联网技术在陕西国际货代行业的应用

为了促进陕西省国际货代行业更加健康、快速的发展,针对陕西省国际货代行业发展现状,分析了物联网技术在陕西国际货代行业的应用基础,进而展望了物联网技术未来在陕西国际货代行业的应用前景。     

谈托口水电站砂石加工系统变更索赔

水电工程施工中潜在的索赔机会是客观存在的,水电站砂石加工系统的变更索赔具有其专业的特殊性,本文结合托口水电站砂石加工系统变更索赔实例,剖析了砂石加工系统变更与索赔的机会,总结了砂石加工系统取得索赔成功关键性因素,为水电站砂石系统工程提供参考。     

湖南省产才融合发展的问题与路径

近年来,湖南省高度重视产才融合发展,“产业聚集人才、人才支撑产业”的局面正在形成,但总体来看还存在一些问题。加快推进产才融合发展,我们要借鉴发达地区的经验,聚焦重点产业发展主战略,依托产业园区主阵地,打造产业人才供给主引擎,发挥企业主力军作用,以产才联动为重点,充分整合资源,在精准施策上下功夫。     

中、美、日制造业分行业的比较研究

以中、美、日制造业分行业2000-2006年的数据为基础,从增加值率、劳动生产率和就业水平三个方面进行制造业细分行业的国际比较,并对相关行业进行具体分析,最后给出政策建议。