基于DEA方法的特色小镇的绩效研究

本文从“产城人文”融合视角对特色小镇的绩效水平进行评价。运用数据包络分析的CCR模型,从投入角度对江、浙等省市的19个特色小镇进行了评价分析,从有效性、稳定性、效益性、投影等角度进行分析,指出非有效DMU改进方向,通过计算推理出影响DMU有效的关键因子。通过分析现阶段特色小镇发展现状和存在的问题,有针对性地提出促进小镇发展的方针意见,为小镇推行者提供决策依据,丰富小镇建设理论及实践经验。结果表明部分特色小镇盲目扩张,投资过大,存在一定的资源浪费现象;投入及产出结构失衡,管理创新能力发挥有限;对于特色小镇发展而言,产业、投资、规划依次是影响发展的关键因素。     

全球化经济中的生产非一体化--基于江苏投入产出表的实证研究

全球经济中生产非一体化已成为国际制造业发展的主要方向,生产非一体化有其内在的动因和发生机制.文章在揭示生产非一体化内涵及其效应的基础上提出了若干假说,运用投入产出表对中国及长三角的贸易一体化和生产非一体化程度进行了测量,对二者的相关性进行了计量检验.结果支持了本文假说,贸易一体化和生产非一体化互为解释变量时,计量效果显著,对它们具有较高解释力的变量还有资本化指数、行业外向度和交易费用等,改进后的模型显著性水平提高.     

政府间事权优化配置的基本思路——基于财政支出结构的分析

各级政府间事权及支出责任决定着其财政支出结构。反过来,各级政府的财政支出结构反映和体现了各级政府间事权划分状况。文章通过分析各级政府财政支出结构以考察事权划分中存在的问题及其致因,探讨优化各级政府间事权配置的新思路,即在“中央-省-县（市）”三级财政框架下,依据政府间事权划分的科学理论合理划分中央、省及县政府之间事权。     

"Managing" Learning by Doing: An Empirical Study in Semiconductor Manufacturing

This article examines the contributions of human resource and organizational practices to the development and supply chain management interface. It addresses this issue in the context of the semiconductor industry by highlighting the importance of these practices for learning‐based improvement in manufacturing. One of the most important factors for competitiveness in the semiconductor industry is the ability to manufacture new process technologies with high yields and low cycle times. The more effective management of new process technologies within the manufacturing facility aids firms in managing production costs, volumes, and inventories. Efficient management of new process development and introduction translates into enhanced internal supply chain management performance by improving the design of internal workflows, manufacturing performance, and the acquisition and installation of new manufacturing processes. Because much of the knowledge that underpins semiconductor manufacturing is idiosyncratic, however, firm‐level differences in human resource and organizational practices are likely to have consequences for performance. The article derives learning curve models of the rate of improvement in manufacturing yield (i.e., the rate of learning) and cycle time (i.e., the speed of production) following the introduction of a new process technology in a manufacturing facility. It then tests the influence of the use by semiconductor manufacturers of teams for problem solving and intrafirm knowledge transfer, the level of internal adoption of information technology (IT), and more extensive and effective workflow and production scheduling systems on manufacturing performance. It finds that the manners in which semiconductor manufacturers allocate engineering resources to problem‐solving activities, utilize information technology in the manufacturing facility, schedule production, and control the “shop floor” influence the levels and rates of improvement in both manufacturing performance measures. The article makes several contributions to the literature on product and process development and, accordingly, to research on the product development/supply chain interface. In particular, the model of organizational‐based learning provides a better understanding of the determinants of learning‐based performance improvement. In particular, better manufacturing performance results not strictly from greater cumulative volume but also from the actions of managers that affect the organization of establishment‐level problem‐solving activities and information exchange. The article also demonstrates that human resource and organizational practices in both the development and the adoption of new process technologies improve manufacturing performance by accelerating new product introduction, improving workflow, and enhancing the efficiency of manufacturing processes.     

HSE风险管理在录井现场的应用

HSE风险管理是HSE管理的核心要素,也是开展HSE管理的基础。只有坚持采用并连续实施＂风险管理＂,才能够有效控制危害源,实现安全生产。录井分队作为录井企业的细胞,肩负着实现企业经济效益、环境效益、社会效益的重任,因此加强现场管理力度,着眼基层队伍建设,是从根本上消除危害,提高生产效率,提升企业品牌的关键。结合现场实践,讨论和探索有效的、适合现场实际的HSE风险管理方法与模式,并对当前存在的问题进行分析并提出几点建议。     

直流微电网母线电压波动分层控制策略

为解决直流微电网母线电压波动问题,在考虑蓄电池荷电状态的基础上,依据直流母线电压波动幅值进行抑制,提出一种含制氢负载和燃料电池的直流微电网母线电压分层控制策略。建立了光伏电池、蓄电池以及燃料电池的控制模型,给出了直流微电网的运行模式以及各运行模式下的控制策略。主要利用各单元间的配合,将系统运行分为7个层区,每个层区采取不同的控制策略来平抑直流母线电压波动。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件与新能源发电实验平台上搭建模型。仿真和实验结果表明:所提控制策略合理可行,达到了抑制母线电压波动的目的,提高了直流微电网运行的稳定性,对深入研究直流微电网控制策略具有一定的参考价值。     

中国共产党工业化道路理论的学理性探析

中国的工业化取得了举世瞩目的成功。理论是行动的指南,中国共产党提出的工业化理论为制定工业化战略和政策指明了方向。本文聚焦中国共产党工业化道路理论,从思想脉络和发展规律角度探求该理论的动态演进和深层机理,以期推进对中国共产党工业化理论的系统性、科学性和学理性研究。本文梳理和归纳了中国共产党农轻重协调发展理论(工农业关系论与农轻重次序论)和工业化发展战略理论(重工业优先发展论、农村工业化论、新型工业化论、"四化"同步发展论)的主要观点和历史演进,并剖析了每个理论观点背后的主要依据。本文认为,中国共产党工业化道路理论的演进过程是一个内涵不断丰富和深化的过程,是一个把马克思主义基本原理同中国伟大实践密切结合的过程,也是一个工业化驱动理论引领工业化道路理论的过程。     

中国钢铁企业的相对效率与规模效率

本文采用数据包络分析法(DEA)对中国57家重点大中型钢铁联合企业的相对效率和规模效率进行实证研究,研究表明:这些企业在效率上存在显著差异,并且不少企业效率低下,我国钢铁工业优胜劣汰的竞争机制相对缺乏;大型和特大型钢铁企业相对中小型钢铁企业而言并不具备显著的效率优势,多数大型和特大型钢铁企业效率并不高;重点大中型钢铁联合企业中大部分企业是规模有效或者接近于规模有效的,规模效率并不是影响大中型钢铁企业生产经营效率的主要因素。进一步的研究表明,钢铁联合企业的规模对效率几乎没有什么影响,我国钢铁工业并不存在显著规模经济特征。相关部门应该将政策重点从扩大企业规模转移到建立并维护公平竞争和优胜劣汰的市场竞争机制上来。     

The framing of innovation among European research funding actors: Assessing the potential for ‘responsible research and innovation’ in the food and health domain

Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has recently emerged as a new framework for science and technology governance. The concept articulates the need for mutual exchange by which societal actors become responsive to each other early on in the process of innovation, with a view to facilitate ethically acceptable and sustainable innovation. There is relatively limited evidence to explore the extent to which the process of research and innovation under the terms of RRI is realised in practice, particularly in the context of food and health research. Although research to date has been examining innovation from the point of view of inputs and outputs—R&D funding and patents—we propose to examine the cognitive framing of innovation that shapes decisions of those who constitute a part of the innovation chain. This paper explores how the concept of innovation is understood and used in policy implementation, with a particular focus upon ‘food and health’ science and research policy and funding. Our analysis is based on 55 interviews of various actors engaged in research funding decision-making across eight European countries. Three themes emerged from the analysis: concept of innovation; conditions for innovation; and drivers of innovation; through these themes, the cognitive framing was drawn out. The cognitive framing suggests that innovation in the food and health domain is perceived to be focused on biosciences and marketable applications to the neglect of social sciences and broader public interest; that the “innovation network” is primarily viewed as centred around scientific/technical and industrial actors; and that the demand-pull dynamic is relevant to innovation in the area of food and health, despite having been relegated in contemporary thinking and policies around innovation. These findings point to the inadequate consideration of the normative issues—how problems are to be defined and addressed—among national research funders in the food and health domain, and indicate a gap between the ideas of innovation under the terms of RRI and innovation as conceptualised by those involved in its governance.     

基于一体化表征公式的通导融合体系研究

为了从基础理论层面诠释通信导航融合的原理,为通信导航融合研究提供引导和理论支撑,从无线电传播的理论基础和代表性公式入手,综合考虑传输和测量2个核心要素,推导出通信导航一体化联合似然概率、信道容量、网络容量3个统一表征公式;以此为基础,选择了通信导航一体化波形并针对性设计了一体化接收机架构;提供了一体化系统架构和资源管理方案2个角度的一体化系统实现思路,最终构建了由一体化表征公式、一体化链路设计、一体化系统构成的通信导航融合体系。结果表明,所建构体系实现了数学机理、物理承载、应用实现3个层面的通导融合,描绘了通信导航融合的整体框架,涵盖了通信导航融合研究的主要领域,可为通信导航融合发展涉及的信号体制、交互协议、硬件设计等方面的研究提供参考和支撑。     

Static electricity: Rules for plant safety

The tasks and aims of the Commission involve the promotion of safety in the chemical industry. Its membership is composed of individuals who hold positions with responsibilities for safety in chemical industrial concerns, in SUVA (Swiss national accident insurance fund) and the Swiss federal labor inspectorate as well as people at educational establishments in a position to further the importance of industrial safety; all are members ad personam. The Commission endeavors to recognize current safety problems and tasks of comparatively major importance and to initiate and promote their treatment by specialists or specialist working parties from industrial firms and government organizations. The tasks involve not only the countering of directly recognizable risks by suitable measures but also the continuous extension and improvement of the methods and instrumentation used to recognize risks. In situations where fundamental statutory principles or recognized guidelines for industrial safety problems are lacking, the Commission attempts to derive practicable recommendations based on practical experience and the findings of the working parties. In collaboration with the authorities, the Commission strives for meaningful interpretations and practical solutions within the framework of statutes and official regulations, and it is at the service of the authorities in the preparation of guidelines and fundamental statutory principles. The Commission publishes findings and working party results arising from its activities in appropriate form. The reliability of such information must be assessed by the reader and no liability is accepted for its use. An important part of the Commission's work involves safety education. Seminars and courses are held regularly to promote this aspect in universities and technical colleges. The activities of the Commission are primarily supported by those firms and organizations whose employees are members. The results of the work are, however, available in principle to all interested parties.     

网络型厂商公司治理结构与市场行为机制的理论探析——基于资本结构与定价行为的视角

本文假设在不能有效地改变市场结构和维持价格管制策略的前提下,深入地分析了网络型厂商内部的结构和特征,以及执行管制价格同样会造成社会福利损失的问题。得出通过改变以资本结构为核心的公司治理机制,打通资本市场和产品市场之间的利益流,建立起网络型厂商内部和资本市场上的利益制衡机制,进而制约经理层以价格决策为核心的市场行为,达到弱化网络型厂商市场势力和垄断产品价格柔性下调的目的,运用这种微观治理的方法,将外部不可能实现的约束和制衡引入到网络型厂商内部,从而使全社会的资源和利益配置实现帕累托改进。     

The Evolution of Competition Policy in Indonesia

This paper assesses the evolution of the new Indonesian competition law passed in 1999, and the creation of the Competition Commission. The first half of the paper traces the debate and process of deregulation and liberalization that preceded the introduction of the law. Whilst deregulation did lead to increased competition and efficiency, distortions to competition in the goods sector still persisted due to ad hoc and non transparent measures taken due to government interventions and vested interests. The services and infrastructure sectors were only partially liberalized. The second half of the paper evaluates the debate on competition law and assesses its introduction and implementation. In the brief period of implementation to date, the tension between a pro-competition and an anti-bigness interpretation of the Law is evident. The paper concludes that ambiguities in the law should be eliminated, that the competition agency focuses on advocacy and introducing transparent procedures rather than hastening towards concluding investigations, and that competition issues faced by independent regulatory agencies in the services and infrastructure sectors should be introduced carefully.     

Why has multilateral space and spectrum resource management become more difficult?

This paper explains why the coordination of satellite orbits and spectrum use among nations may become more contentious and protracted. The potential for greater risks, delays, and conflicts may occur, despite treaty-level commitments by most nations to promote the peaceful uses of outer space and access to radio spectrum and satellite orbits free of signal interference and collision risk. Heretofore, specialized sectors of the United Nations (“UN”) have worked effectively in forging multilateral consensus on these matters.Since the onset of artificial satellite technology, the UN has created five space-related treaties covering such issues such as freedom of exploration, liability for damage caused by space objects, the prevention of harmful interference with space activities and the environment, the notification and registration of space activities, exploitation of natural resources in outer space and settlement of disputes. The International Telecommunication Union (“ITU”), a specialized agency of the UN, has largely achieved the goal of preventing harmful signal interference, formulating technical standards promoting equipment compatibility, and establishing uniform, operational rules of the road. Until now, month long ITU spectrum planning conferences have reached closure on both mundane and critical matters, albeit at a slow and methodical pace.The paper explains how several chronic and emerging factors challenge the successful record of multilateral consensus building on space and spectrum resource management issues. The probability of collisions of spacecraft with other objects, including space debris and harmful signal interference has increased, because the United States has opted to make domestic satellite rules and frequency allocations and in advance of final ITU consideration. Additionally, initiatives by China and Russia to expand the ITU’s mission to include elements of Internet governance could promote balkanization of Internet access and recognize the sovereign right of individual nations to surveil and control access to broadband networks.The paper assesses whether and how UN agencies can continue to establish timely and effective policies and procedures for reducing space debris and the potential for spacecraft collisions, and preventing harmful signal interference. The paper concludes that China, Russia, and the U.S., should renew efforts to promote collegiality, consensus building, and longstanding, shared goals at UN and ITU conferences.     

大数据背景下中国钢铁生产能源管控路径优化研究

钢铁生产过程中一、二次能源种类多,结构复杂,传统的能源管理模式缺乏层次性、动态性和全局性,造成能源管理过程的多头化、粗放化现象,管理效率低。本文在对中国钢铁企业能源管控过程能耗分析的基础上,研究钢铁企业能源管控模式的现状及存在的不足,提出中国钢铁企业能源管控模式低碳化、集成化及高效化的优化路径,以大数据分析和云信息平台建设为基础,给出从用能结构调整、能源梯级利用、节能量化管理到系统整体节能的对策建议,从而缓解钢铁生产对资源及环境的压力。以华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司为实证,分析新模式下钢铁能源管理和信息化建设的实施方案及其成效,为钢铁企业推进能源管理现代化提供借鉴和参考。     

Electronic money: understanding its use to increase the effectiveness of policy

Policy on electronic money and electronic commerce would be more effective if there was a better understanding of the use of electronic money. The users’ perspective would complement the supply-side, economic and technological understanding of money with an understanding that emphasises the use of money in its social and cultural context. Mistaking the partial story for the whole can lead to costly misjudgements for providers and regulators. It also leads to an incomplete understanding of communication, innovation and social change.This article presents a methodology for exploring the users’ perspective, drawing on case studies on the actual use of electronic money. The user and his/her activities are placed at the centre. This leads to three shifts: the questions change, language and key concepts alter and the adoption and use of innovations is seen as a social activity. The users’ perspective presents three challenges for providers and policymakers. The first is to collect qualitative and quantitative data not only on the diffusion of innovations, but how innovations are used and not used in particular social and cultural contexts by different users. The second challenge is to find a language that will connect the economic analysis of supply and demand, cost and price with the study of use, trust and meaning. The third challenge is to acknowledge the interrelationship between the economic and non-economic aspects of our lives.     

基于关键技术合理规划地方新能源电动汽车产业发展

发展新能源电动汽车是解决能源和环境问题,实现汽车产业快速发展的有效途径,通过对电动汽车发展现状和关键技术的分析,明确了以纯电动汽车和混合动力汽车为主要发展目标,以电动机及其控制技术和动力电池及其管理技术为核心技术。结合河北省汽车产业发展现状,提出了多元化发展模式,建立基于关键技术的产业基地,实行高速电动汽车和低速电动汽车的差异化发展格局和优先有序发展低速电动汽车的产业发展规划,推进新能源汽车快速发展。     

Models with graphical representation for innovation management: a literature review

In the last decades, the management of innovation has achieved increasing importance in both academic and business environments. For the companies, an effective engagement in innovation efforts involves the adoption of management models to guide the definition of organizational processes to conduct innovation opportunities throughout the organization. In this context, graphical representations can strongly communicate the central propositions of each model, accelerating the diffusion and influence of such models in both academic and business environments. Based on an academic database search, and snowball procedure, models were selected considering the unique characteristics of their graphical representation. This article contributes to the knowledge in the field by proposing a typology of innovation management models, highlighting model's biases, gaps, strengths and weaknesses, and by identifying important tensions among models that spillover to the innovation management field in both research and practice. This article discusses conflicts regarding the limits of the innovation process (events that start and end the process and complementary approaches), the limits of focusing on processes, the differentiation of research and development and new product development activities. In the end, the article addresses emerging approaches related to radical innovation, design thinking and startups, and stresses contributions for research and practice.     

高分子材料在医用纺织品上的应用与发展

概述了医疗卫生材料的发展现状和医用纺织品的应用及高分子材料在目前得以广泛研究的几种高性能医用纺织品上的应用现状,介绍了抗茵纤维的研究进展和医用缝合线的国内外研究进展状况及人造血管的发展历史和现状,尤其较详细地介绍了高分子材料在小直径人造血管设计和生产中的应用。