社会保障从"配套工程"走向"社会公正"的现代化发展战略研究:以浦东为例

经过十多年的改革和尝试,浦东新区城乡已基本上各自形成了一套符合实际、各具特色的保障体系.目前,一方面要巩固社会保障作为改革"配套工程"取得的成绩,另一方面,要逐步摆脱作为改革"配套工程"的传统定位,遵循渐进式、以人为本、社会福利最大化的基本原则,最终形成以社会公正为基础的社会保障福利体系,从根源上化解浦东社会动荡的风险,确保浦东社会长期稳定的态势.     

我国社会养老保险制度“碎片化”的法律缝合

20世纪80年代初，我国建立和改革了社会保障制度，以替代传统计划经济实行的“国家保障／企业保障”，这一改革的设计特点带有明显的“便携性”缺陷，使我国社会保障制度呈现出“碎片化”发展趋势，形成了国家机关事业单位与城镇企业、自由职业者、农村养老等两大不同保障制度的碎片，使得无论从职业分工导向还是人才流动方面都给社会造成了极大的障碍。     

关于社会保障基金“费改税”研究

“加强社会事业建设,以保障和改善民生作为重点,建立起覆盖城乡的社会保障体系”,是十八大中提出的重点工作内容,这不仅体现出国家对社会保障工作的高度重视,同时也是我国社会工作的重点方向之一,实行“费改税”政策,是我国全面实行社会保障制度的必然要求和趋势。基于此,本文对社会保障基金“费”与“税”进行了比较分析,探讨了实行“费改税”的必要性,并提出我国社会保障基金“费改税”的实施建议。     

为健康“买单”

第八届人大四次会议通过的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展"九五"计划和2010年远景目标纲要》明确指出："加快养老、失业、医疗保险制度改革，初步形成社会保险、社会救济、社会福利、优抚安置和社会互助、个人储蓄积累保障相结合的多层次社会保障制度"，问时强调要"...     

土地流转仍要“摸着石头过河”

《瞭望》载文说：一些地方认为要深化农村改革，就要加快农村土地流转，一些学者甚至“探讨”土地承包经营权的“买卖”问题，这很让人担心。城乡经济社会发展一体化是一个艰巨而漫长的过程，这就决定了土地对农民长期起着生存保障、社会保障的作用。城里打工的农民就业困难，还可以回去种地。     

加快建立有中国特色的社会保障法律体系

社会保障有法可依,才能促进社会保障制度的完善与持续发展,世界各国从社会保障思想的产生、发展到社会保障立法,经过了错综合复杂的改革历程,我国的社会保障制度作为市场的配套工程,体制还不健全、体系尚不完善,直接制约了现代企业制度的建立,这延缓了改革的进程,本通过对制约我国社会保障发展的因素分析,提出了我国社会保障立法与建立有中国特色的社会保障法律体系的基本原则和基本思路。     

“第三条道路”理论及其对中国和谐社会建设的启示

“第三务道路”是上世纪90年代中期以来欧美主要国家流行的一种思潮。我们要从两方面对“第三务道路”进行辩证的看待，一方面它对于我国的社会主义建设有积极的借鉴意义，另一方面它本身具有种种的缺陷。“第三条道路”所要解决的问题与我国正在面临的问题有很大的相似之处。所以“第三条道路”对我国的经济、政治、社会保障等方面都有较大的借鉴意义：经济方面，要求宏观调控和市场调节相结合，公平与效率并重；政治方面，加大政治制度改革，发展社会主义民主政治，健全公民社会；社会保障方面，建立以政府为主导，引入市场机制，加强第三部门作用的全面的社会保障体系。我们要在中国特色社会主义道路的基础上认清其本质，取其精华、去其糟粕。     

“社会投资国家”理念下我国儿童福利制度转型问题思考

自社会保障这一概念被提出以来,人们总是倾向于用社会保障支出成本来衡量社会保障的力度,但对真正能够体现社会保障力度的投资收益却抱着一种视而不见的态度。在整个人类社会发展进入新时期之后,“社会投资国家”这一理念的出现对社会保障进行了全新的定义,认为社会保障不仅是一种支出,从广义上更应当类似于一种社会性投资,并强调了“可能性”分配的价值与作用,这就为我国儿童福利制度的转型提供了参考依据。文章以“社会投资国家”理念为切入点,探讨我国儿童福利制度转型的问题。     

再论建立我国中央社会保障公积金制度

<正> 一、建立我国中央社会保障公积金制度的原因分析 由于我国的社会保障事业刚刚起步,社会保障制度未能完善,特别表现在社会保障基金统筹上还局限于“县级统筹”、“市级统筹”、“省级统筹”与“行业统筹”等,没有形成真正意义上的社会统筹,势必形成地区之间、行业之间社会保障水平的差异,出现了有些地区、行业社会保障基金结余较多、支付水平较高,有些地区、行业社会保障基金收不抵支,不能按时足额支付,且支付的水平较低,难以保障社会成员基本生存条件。形成这种局面的原因主要有:     

新疆全面启动“金保”

<正> 国家劳动和社会保障部的“金保工程”一直为社会所关注,随着新疆维吾尔自治区劳动和社会保障厅作为首批联网省份加入,新疆的“金保工程”也宣告进入全面启动阶段。据采访了解,清华同方应用信息系统本部作为建设方,正式签约新疆“金保工程”,整个工程建设预     

何为“社会公正”：马克思主义的考察

“社会公正”与“公正”有着难以割舍的联系，但不能简单地将二者等同。“公正”是一个涵盖“正义”、“公平”、“平等”的总体性社会关系范畴；“社会公正”则是一个通过人的活动所实现的社会发展的客观过程，是一个社会发展逐渐与人的生存和发展相一致的过程。马克思主义视野的“社会公正”是社会整体意义上的公正，是为每个人的全面发展提供现实条件的公正。     

Some Challenges of Social Screening

The ultimate challenge with which we are presented in connection with social investing is no more and no less than this: enhancing the function of conscience in the modern global business corporation. As with individual conscience, however, corporate conscience can be influenced in two ways: from the inside and from the outside. Investment decisions provide external influences, while management values provide influence from the inside.     

中国《县级农村社会养老保险方案》为何难以推广实施

1 992年在全国范围内推广的《县级农村社会养老保险基本方案》到 1 998年底被暂停实施。很多学者认为 ,原因就在于该《方案》存在着保富不保贫、资金难以保值增值等经济学层面上的缺陷。从社会学角度看 ,难以实施的原因并不完全在于经济学因素 ,而在于中国农村社会养老保障制度的构建忽视了我国农民养老的真正需求、农民的养老心态、文化背景 ,以及法律习俗等社会学因素。在完善《县级农村社会养老保险基本方案》、确保养老保险基金保值增值的同时 ,也必须首先要解决上述几个方面的问题。     

Deriving Meaning for Social Franchising From Commercial Franchising and Social Enterprise

Auntie Anne's Pretzels, the American Red Cross, and IKEA are franchises for a social benefit, but are they social franchises? There is a diversity of perceptions of what is meant by the term social franchising but no consensus on the precise meaning. Given that social franchising is a relatively new area of research and that a crucial first step in research on any topic is to define its parameters, this article derives a set of indicators for the phenomenon of social franchising by bringing together three strands of scholarship: social franchising, commercial franchising, and social enterprise.     

The Social Entrepreneurship Zone

Social entrepreneurship is still in the developmental stage as a field of inquiry. In this article we introduce the concept of the social entrepreneurship zone. This new construct positions social entrepreneurship relative to the ways organizations plan to implement social change and the degrees to which they apply business practices to do so. Two new categories of organizations, social transformation entrepreneurial ventures and social improvement entrepreneurial ventures, reside in the social entrepreneurship zone. This categorization separates social entrepreneurial ventures into 2 distinct groups with their own unique set of characteristics. The social entrepreneurship zone construct should help researchers and other stakeholders better understand this emerging field so it can be further studied and developed.     

基于社会资本的企业家群体研究

本文基于社会网络理论,通过研究温州和宁波两地企业家集群产生的过程,分析社会资本如何促进大规模的企业家集群产生。研究表明:企业家个人的社会资本在区域文化、共同价值观和群体信任的发酵下结成社会网络,并促使更多企业家产生且形成企业家集群;温州企业家社会网络具有强联系、同质性和自组织的特点,创业倾向集体行动,依赖本地资源,产业升级代际锁定;宁波企业家社会网络具有弱联系、异质性和他组织的特点,外部资源掌控力强,容易引发产业升级。     

社会信息化水平评价体系模型:基于社会福利角度的构建

在界定社会信息化内涵的基础上,提出了社会信息化的福利目标,并从社会福利最大化的角度来评价社会信息化的基本水平。同时从社会信息化客观水平、信息化观念、信息化制度安排三个方面弄清社会信息化政策与社会信息化的互动效应,进而提出了社会信息化的福利函数。     

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Social Enterprise

In this article, we contend that due to their size and emphasis upon addressing external social concerns, the corporate relationship between social enterprises, social awareness and action is more complex than whether or not these organisations engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR). This includes organisations that place less emphasis on CSR as well as other organisations that may be very proficient in CSR initiatives, but are less successful in recording practices. In this context, we identify a number of internal CSR markers that may be applied to measuring the extent to which internal CSR practices are being observed. These considerations may be contrasted with the evidence that community based CSR activities is often well developed in private sector small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) (Observatory of European SMEs, 2002), a situation which may be replicated in social enterprises especially those that have grown from micro-enterprises embedded in local communities. We place particular emphasis upon the implications for employee management. Underpinning our position is the Aristotelian-informed capabilities approach, a theory of human development and quality of life, developed by Sen (1992; 1999) and Nussbaum (1999) which has been developed further, in an organisational context, (e.g., Cornelius, 2002); Cornelius and Gagnon, 2004; Gagnon and Cornelius, 1999; Vogt, 2005. We contend that the capabilities approach offers additional insights into CSR in social enterprises in general and internal CSR activity in particular. Our article concludes with proposals for future research initiatives and reflections upon social enterprise development from a capabilities perspective.     

Social Investing: Mainstream or Backwater?

Social investing, though not yet fully mainstream, has the potential to obtain such status. Questions relating to the future of social investing include the following. (1) What properly falls within the ambit of social investing? Assuming that no single definition of social responsibility is feasible, what then are the limits? (2) What do we need to know about investor psychology concerning social investing? What motivates people to buy socially screened investments and why do they sometimes act inconsistently? (3) How can we improve the measures of social performance? Is it possible to develop GAAP and GAAS equivalents for social reporting? (4) Should social reports by firms be audited? If so, how? (5) What sorts of public policies are necessary to support the social screening of investments?     

Social Marketing and Privately Held Companies: The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities on Romanian Consumers

The notion of corporate social responsibility has evolved into a fairly complex concept that can influence the very world we live in. Today's society is interested not only in companies' financial results but also in the way they conduct their businesses. Corporations everywhere try to respond to new environmental challenges by actively engaging in the life of the community and by developing relationships based on mutual trust with consumers. This article introduces the corporate social responsibility domain by underlining the importance of this concept to the later development of a company. The article denounces the results of research conducted on Romanian consumers regarding corporate social responsibility campaigns undergone by firms in Romania. Its purpose is to bring insight into Romanian consumers' perceptions of recent social campaigns, reviewing the extent to which these consumers are willing to become involved in society's well-being. The survey conducted here attempts to provide answers to issues that concern the companies' involvement type, their purview, the reasons for participating in society's welfare, as well as the social campaigns' most common action areas. The results gathered show that corporate social responsibility is not only a promotion method, but a method that implies the effective involvement in the life of the community and in its subsequent issues, therefore representing a real means of support for the economic development of the community in question. In conclusion, companies must put their social conscience into use when dealing with their clients and stakeholders, by offering solutions to environmental concerns, resource management, mutual aid, and welfare rising from corporate support.