纺织厂房之新型楼屋面

介绍了近两三年在纺织厂房中新出现的几种新型楼屋面,主要有钢结构屋面、双T板屋面、SP板屋面,概述了它们的优缺点.跨度大、施工速度快,是它们的普遍特点。     

Exit, Voice and 'Mandate': Management Strategies and Labour Practices of Japanese Firms in Britain

This paper draws on case-study research on four Japanese transplants in one locality to trace the evolving and unsettled relationship between company policies and labour market conditions. It shows that managements continue to face problems of recruiting and retaining labour in this greenfield and non-union setting, as worker dissatisfactions are expressed more through 'exit' than 'voice'. It then analyses the variety of ways in which managers have sought to build a 'mandate' to manage, and the scope and limits of management hegemony within these workplaces. Finally, it suggests that differences in management policies reflect differences in ownership patterns, corporate histories and roles within intra- and inter-firm divisions of labour.     

采用和声搜寻的时间成本平衡的多任务优化

以最少的时间和最低的成本完成项目是项目管理的首要目标.然而,由于项目的完工速度往往受控于成本,通常雇佣更多工人能节省时间,但由此可能造成成本的上升,因此时间与成本之间的制约关系,需要在整个项目的全寿命周期中都要权衡其二者之间的平衡.本研究采用了一个模仿现象的算法——和声搜寻,去执行多任务平衡.相对于遗传算法和蚁群优化算法,和声搜寻算法应用在两个测试案例上取得了更好的Pareto解,解决了组合优化的问题.     

Contracting Out in Japanese Local Government: Are Unions Making a Difference?

Using 1997 data for Japanese cities, we examine the relationship between union density and outsourcing in local government. We also test the hypothesis that cities where employees are represented by the more radical of the two local civil service unions will have less outsourcing than cities where the less critically oriented union dominates. The results of the analysis support the central hypothesis that union density is negatively correlated with outsourcing, but they do not support the second hypothesis.     

Disorganized, Unilateral, and Participative Organizations: New Insights from the Ethnographic Literature

Disorganized workplaces are often overlooked in contemporary models of the workplace. Contemporary accounts more typically analyze organizations in terms of tight management control or in terms of participative workplace models. This article examines 109 organizational ethnographies describing a wide range of workplaces, including many poorly run and disorganized ("anomic") workplaces. Such workplaces evidence high levels of worker resistance. In contrast, participative workplaces evidence high levels of citizenship behaviors. Unilateral or "top-down" organizations are expected to encourage accommodation behaviors, but this hypothesis is not supported. Instead, both accommodation and resistance are highest in disorganized workplaces. The continuing importance of disorganized workplaces—workplaces that provoke strong worker resistance—represents an unmet challenge to organizational theory and practice.     

Time,space and technology in the working‐home: an unsettled nexus

The research reported here draws upon four homes in Melbourne, Australia, where variable practices and strategies in the use of information and communication technologies are adopted in negotiating the temporal and spatial dynamics of the working‐home. Informed by theories from Science and Technology Studies, we argue that these strategies arise in concernful relation with others—both human and non‐human—that enable and constrain the possibilities for action.     

Ethnographic Case Study (ECS): Abductive modeling of ethnography and improving the relevance in business marketing research

By extending interpretative methods to business settings, this paper formalizes a model of Ethnographic Case Study (ECS) built upon extensive literature review and abductive elaboration of two-year fieldwork on 12 Italian companies. Objectives and related contributions are twofold. First, key compulsory and complementary stages of ECS marketing research are presented for business contexts. Second, the paper envisions the quality of the knowledge generated through the ECS inquiry, and argues that the methodological peculiarities of this approach may help reduce the relevance gap affecting business research. The systematic cooperation between researchers and practitioners along the ECS phases may benefit relevance through (i) the fine tuning of reciprocal expectations, (ii) the sharing of the research experience, (iii) the multiplication of the beneficiaries of the findings granted by ECS, and (iv) the participation in the process of knowledge dissemination. In this light, the ECS model supports the convincement that methods are not only a way to theory validation but also to theory discovery.     

Making Sense of an Interconnected World: How Innovation Champions Drive Social Innovation in the Not-for-Profit Context

Social innovation is critical for supporting the economic and social fabric of communities globally. Yet little is known about the processes through which social innovation occurs and how context shapes them. To date, scholarship has focused primarily on social entrepreneurs and social enterprise creation, while the role of established not-for-profits (NFPs) as agents of social innovation has received surprisingly little attention given their importance to communities. It is expected that innovation will be increasingly important for NFPs as shifts in their funding models create greater complexity in maintaining sustainability and continuity in social service delivery. This research generates a deeper understanding of the processes of social innovation within NFPs by examining how multiple levels of context influence the behaviors of a key set of agents: innovation champions. Adopting an interactionist lens, the study explores how shifts in funding policy at the macro level, and the role of leaders (CEOs and Boards) and organizational institutional logics at the meso level, influence champion behavior at the micro level. To do this, we draw on sensemaking as an important cognitive and action-enabling mechanism. A qualitative, multicase study design with 46 interviews across six case organizations allows an in-depth exploration of this under-investigated area. The findings indicate that bricolage activity can facilitate championing that supports social innovation within NFPs and that organizational context guides the direction and content of champion behavior. The findings further uncover a broader range of behaviors and outcomes than have been previously attributed to champions, while highlighting the critical role that bricolage-enabled championing can play in driving social innovation that is both directly impactful and offers significant longer-term social impact. The important roles that sensebreaking, sensegiving, and sensemaking play in connecting champions’ interpretations of their contexts to their behaviors are also outlined.     

Youth Apprenticeship in Britain: Lessons for the United States

Britain's effort to introduce youth apprenticeships over the past decade offers important general lessons about the role of employers in school-to-work initiatives. In particular, the incentives facing employers work against efforts to provide skills training. Alternative arrangements for such programs are suggested that create incentives for employers to improve the skills of youth apprentices.     

审时度势居危思进全力打造节约型企业

一、居危思进，确立节约年主题，打造节约型企业 2005年是重钢集团公司的“节约年”，公司上下总动员，投入了以打造节约型企业为目标的“节约年”活动。重钢集团“节约年”的主题．是基于对科学发展观的领会，对新型工业化道路的理解，在正确面对成绩，客观分析形势，冷静剖析市场，清醒认识差距的前提下确立的。为减轻公司面临的资源制约，缓解屠高的成本压力，通过打造节约型企业．提高竞争力．达到推动重钢全面协调可持续发展的目的。     

Flexible manufacturing systems in Britain and the USA

Comparing a British with an American Flexible Manufacturing System highlights both differences in de facto and formal work organisation and the separate influence of overall management policies. Contrary to prevailing theories it is the practical resolution of these policies that either stifles or permits polyvalent, 'autonomous'work-groups.     

Subcontracting in banking: some evidence from Britain and France

The oversimplified analysis of subcontracting in terms of the relations between small and large firms needs to be abandoned in favour of a broader societal approach. Drawing on empirical evidence from Britain and France it is argued that such an approach can identify a wider range of political, social and economic factors affecting the decision to subcontract.     

Social Partnership Agreements in Britain: Labor Cooperation and Compliance

This article reviews evidence on the outcomes of British social partnership agreements using matched comparisons. It concludes that in industries marked by employment decline, partnership firms often have shed jobs at a faster rate than nonpartnership firms. However, in expanding sectors, partnership firms have created jobs at a faster rate than nonpartnership rivals. There is no discernible impact of partnership on either wage settlements or union density. It is argued that we need evidence on information sharing, trust, and power and suggested that partnership agreements are unlikely to contribute significantly to union revitalization.     

Agency Working in Britain: Character, Consequences and Regulation

Debate over the nature of temporary agency work has intensified in recent times, spurred on by a proposed European directive and by speculation about links with the much heralded ‘knowledge’ economy. This paper examines the debate, focusing on the current character of agency work in Britain. Using data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS), we assess some of the claims commonly made about agency work, relating to the personal and employment characteristics of those engaged in such work, the motives of agency workers and the prospects for those who take up agency jobs. In considering the arguments surrounding regulatory change, we find there is a strong case for regulation, but that this rests on the continued disadvantage associated with agency work, with little evidence of an impact from the purported ‘knowledge’ economy.     

Making the Processes of Designing Explicit Within an Information Technology Environment

In this paper, technology is described as involving processes whereby resources are utilised to satisfy human needs or to take advantage of opportunities, to develop practical solutions to problems. This study, set within one type of technology context, information technology, investigated how, through a one semester undergraduate university course, elements of technological processes were made explicit to students. While it was acknowledged in the development and implementation of this course that students needed to learn technical skills, technological skills and knowledge, including design, were seen as vital also, to enable students to think about information technology from a perspective that was not confined and limited to `technology as hardware and software'. This paper describes how the course, set within a three year program of study, was aimed at helping students to develop their thinking and their knowledge about design processes in an explicit way. An interpretive research approach was used and data sources included a repertory grid `survey'; student interviews; video recordings of classroom interactions, audio recordings of lectures, observations of classroom interactions made by researchers; and artefacts which included students' journals and portfolios. The development of students' knowledge about design practices is discussed and reflections upon student knowledge development in conjunction with their learning experiences are made. Implications for ensuring explicitness of design practice within information technology contexts are presented, and the need to identify what constitutes design knowledge is argued.